An Appraisal Of Humes Scepticism In Epistemology

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An Appraisal of Hume's Scepticism in Epistemology

Author : James Alabi
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3668846820
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (688 download)

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Book Synopsis An Appraisal of Hume's Scepticism in Epistemology by : James Alabi

Download or read book An Appraisal of Hume's Scepticism in Epistemology written by James Alabi and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-12-03 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Philosophy - Theoretical (Realisation, Science, Logic, Language), grade: 9.9, University of Ibadan, language: English, abstract: What assures us of ‘existences and objects we do not see or feel’? In other words, what leads us to form beliefs about unobserved matters of fact: that the sun will rise tomorrow, that Africa still exists, that the Normans won the Battle of Hastings? What is the correct account of causation? Since this ancient epoch, skepticism has taken a central,- in fact the driving seat- in epistemology with attitude among philosophers, particularly epistemologists, apparently tending to regard a skeptic as a foe rather than a friend, a threat rather than a tool, and a deconstructionist rather than a builder. Ironically, the troubling skepticism forms the foundation of all epistemological enterprise. With the historical development of epistemology, one could possibly establish a self-contradiction any attempt deny the skeptic position of Protagoras- that there are many events that hinder and deny us of an indubitable, sure and stable knowledge. The ancient period prepared the ground for inquiry, but the medieval (dark) age almost collapsed this foundation with recourse to faith and subjection of reason to the dogmatism of the instrument of faith. However, there was resurgence in the modern era of philosophical reflection, with several attempts to restore reason back to its rightful place in philosophy. One of those philosophers who attempted to rescue epistemology from the unphilosophical and dogmatic theologism was David Hume. Of course, the methodic doubt scepticism of Rene Descartes, French rationalist, was pivotal to all other discussions in the modern period. However, Hume’s resurgent effort was to see that inquiry is once again made into the nature of things, including claims about and of God, human life, scientific processes and procedures, causation, and inductive reasoning. Hume’s effort was to mitigate skepticism and forge a veritable mid-point and alliance between what can be known and what cannot be said to be known. Well, his thought on the endorsement of a priori propositions and some part of a posteriori propositions and rejection of some, such as causation and inductive reasoning has earned him such appellation as a ‘thorough going skeptic and empiricist.’ Our concern in the paper is to take a second but critical investigation into Hume’s idea of causation vis-à-vis the appellation. The paper attempts to literally play the devil’s advocate to examine if such appellation could pass for Hume.

Custom and Reason in Hume

Author : Henry E. Allison
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191615528
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis Custom and Reason in Hume by : Henry E. Allison

Download or read book Custom and Reason in Hume written by Henry E. Allison and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2010-09-02 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Henry Allison examines the central tenets of Hume's epistemology and cognitive psychology, as contained in the Treatise of Human Nature. Allison takes a distinctive two-level approach. On the one hand, he considers Hume's thought in its own terms and historical context. So considered, Hume is viewed as a naturalist, whose project in the first three parts of the first book of the Treatise is to provide an account of the operation of the understanding in which reason is subordinated to custom and other non-rational propensities. Scepticism arises in the fourth part as a form of metascepticism, directed not against first-order beliefs, but against philosophical attempts to ground these beliefs in the "space of reasons." On the other hand, Allison provides a critique of these tenets from a Kantian perspective. This involves a comparison of the two thinkers on a range of issues, including space and time, causation, existence, induction, and the self. In each case, the issue is seen to turn on a contrast between their underlying models of cognition. Hume is committed to a version of the perceptual model, according to which the paradigm of knowledge is a seeing with the "mind's eye" of the relation between mental contents. By contrast, Kant appeals to a discursive model in which the fundamental cognitive act is judgment, understood as the application of concepts to sensory data, Whereas regarded from the first point of view, Hume's account is deemed a major philosophical achievement, seen from the second it suffers from a failure to develop an adequate account of concepts and judgment.

The Sceptical Realism of David Hume

Author : John P. Wright
Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780719008825
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis The Sceptical Realism of David Hume by : John P. Wright

Download or read book The Sceptical Realism of David Hume written by John P. Wright and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 1983 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Righting Epistemology

Author : Bredo Johnsen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190662778
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Righting Epistemology by : Bredo Johnsen

Download or read book Righting Epistemology written by Bredo Johnsen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Righting Epistemology defends an unrecognized Humean conception of epistemic justification, showing that he is no skeptic, and an argument of his that refutes all extant alternative conceptions. It goes on to trace the development of his thought in Sir Karl Popper, Nelson Goodman, W. V. Quine and Ludwig Wittgenstein.

Hume's Skepticism in the Treatise of Human Nature

Author : Robert J. Fogelin
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 042959030X
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis Hume's Skepticism in the Treatise of Human Nature by : Robert J. Fogelin

Download or read book Hume's Skepticism in the Treatise of Human Nature written by Robert J. Fogelin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-04-25 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work, first published in 1985, offers a general interpretation of Hume’s Treatise of Human Nature. Most Hume scholarship has either neglected or downplayed an important aspect of Hume’s position – his scepticism. This book puts that right, examining in close detail the sceptical arguments in Hume’s philosophy.

Hume's Theory of Consciousness

Author : Wayne Waxman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521541183
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (411 download)

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Book Synopsis Hume's Theory of Consciousness by : Wayne Waxman

Download or read book Hume's Theory of Consciousness written by Wayne Waxman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-09-18 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive analysis and re-evaluation of Hume's Treatise of Human Nature.

Hume's Sceptical Enlightenment

Author : Ryu Susato
Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
ISBN 13 : 0748699813
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (486 download)

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Book Synopsis Hume's Sceptical Enlightenment by : Ryu Susato

Download or read book Hume's Sceptical Enlightenment written by Ryu Susato and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2015-09-10 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demonstrates the uniqueness of Hume as an Enlightenment thinker, illustrating how his 'spirit of scepticism' often leads him into seemingly paradoxical positions. This book will be of interest to Hume scholars, intellectual historians of 17th- to 19th-century Europe and those interested in the Enlightenment more widely.

Cognition and Commitment in Hume's Philosophy

Author : Don Garrett Associate Professor of Philosophy University of Utah
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198025769
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognition and Commitment in Hume's Philosophy by : Don Garrett Associate Professor of Philosophy University of Utah

Download or read book Cognition and Commitment in Hume's Philosophy written by Don Garrett Associate Professor of Philosophy University of Utah and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1996-12-05 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is widely believed that Hume often wrote carelessly and contradicted himself, and that no unified, sound philosophy emerges from his writings. Don Garrett demonstrates that such criticisms of Hume are without basis. Offering fresh and trenchant solutions to longstanding problems in Hume studies, Garrett's penetrating analysis also makes clear the continuing relevance of Hume's philosophy.

A Humean Critique of David Hume's Theory of Knowledge

Author : Jeremy J. White
Publisher : University Press of America
ISBN 13 : 9780761810896
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis A Humean Critique of David Hume's Theory of Knowledge by : Jeremy J. White

Download or read book A Humean Critique of David Hume's Theory of Knowledge written by Jeremy J. White and published by University Press of America. This book was released on 1998 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Humean Critique of David Hume's Theory of Knowledge provides the first full-length Aristotilian-Thomistic critique of Hume's most mature and familiar work. While giving Hume proper respect and appreciation for his achievement, Jeremy White engages in a thoughtful critique through an approach based in Hume's own method. He successfully uncovers Hume's unconscious indebtedness to his seventeenth century predecessors, including Locke and Bacon, whom he persistently discredited. White's discovery of Hume's assumptions and premises for building his philosophy provide much enlightenment regarding his ideas. The author's intimacy with the processes of Hume's mind and from where he drew his conclusions translates into a tremendous ease and comfort in gaining an understanding of Hume's epistemology and his underlying metaphysical assumptions.

Academic Skepticism in Hume and Kant

Author : Catalina González Quintero
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030897508
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Academic Skepticism in Hume and Kant by : Catalina González Quintero

Download or read book Academic Skepticism in Hume and Kant written by Catalina González Quintero and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-25 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an unprecedented study of the influence of the skepticism of the New Platonic Academy on David Hume’s and Immanuel Kant’s critiques of metaphysics. By demonstrating how the skeptical teachings of the Academy affected these authors’ Enlightened attacks on traditional metaphysics, this book deepens and broadens the burgeoning scholarship on the role that the Ancients schools of skepticism played in the configuration of Modern skeptical outlooks. It bolsters the newfound recognition that we must reconsider the conventional view that the revival of Pyrrhonism in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries gave birth to Modern skepticism by incorporating the influence of Academic skepticism in the analysis. Giving a new impetus to this line of research, the author argues that Academic ideas and methods informed Hume’s and Kant’s critique of metaphysics in substantial and thus far unacknowledged ways. Specifically, she demonstrates the centrality of Academic skepticism to Hume’s epistemology and critique of religion through a detailed analysis of his theory of belief in the Treatise and the first Enquiry as well as of its application in the Dialogues concerning Natural Religion. Likewise, her analysis reveals how Kant’s anti-metaphysical stance, developed in the Transcendental Dialectic of the Critique of Pure Reason, contains many skeptical insights of Academic inspiration, bequeathed to him by Hume.

Ideas, Evidence, and Method

Author : Graciela De Pierris
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191026166
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Ideas, Evidence, and Method by : Graciela De Pierris

Download or read book Ideas, Evidence, and Method written by Graciela De Pierris and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Graciela De Pierris presents a novel interpretation of the relationship between skepticism and naturalism in Hume's epistemology, and a new appraisal of Hume's place within early modern thought. Whereas a dominant trend in recent Hume scholarship maintains that there are no skeptical arguments concerning causation and induction in Book I, Part III of the Treatise, Graciela De Pierris presents a detailed reading of the skeptical argument she finds there and how this argument initiates a train of skeptical reasoning that begins in Part III and culminates in Part IV. This reasoning is framed by Hume's version of the modern theory of ideas developed by Descartes and Locke. The skeptical implications of this theory, however, do not arise, as in traditional interpretations of Hume's skepticism, from the 'veil of perception.' They arise from Hume's elaboration of a presentational-phenomenological model of ultimate evidence, according to which there is always a justificatory gap between what is or has been immediately presented to the mind and any ideas that go beyond it. This happens, paradigmatically, in the causal-inductive inference, and, as De Pierris argues, in demonstrative inference as well. Yet, in spite of his firm commitment to radical skepticism, Hume also accepts the naturalistic standpoint of science and common life, and he does so, on the novel interpretation presented here, because of an equally firm commitment to Newtonian science in general and the Newtonian inductive method in particular. Hume defends the Newtonian method (against the mechanical philosophy) while simultaneously rejecting all attempts (including those of the Newtonians) to find a place for the supernatural within our understanding of nature.

Hume and the Demands of Philosophy

Author : Nathan I. Sasser
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1793623228
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (936 download)

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Book Synopsis Hume and the Demands of Philosophy by : Nathan I. Sasser

Download or read book Hume and the Demands of Philosophy written by Nathan I. Sasser and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2022-03-02 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hume and the Demands of Philosophy: Science, Skepticism, and Moderation offers a comprehensive interpretation of the relationship between Hume’s scientific project and his skepticism. Nathan I. Sasser argues that Hume is a radical epistemic skeptic who has purely practical reasons for retaining the beliefs that are essential for ordinary life and scientific research. On Sasser’s reading, the key to Hume’s epistemology is his conception of philosophy as a normative method of inquiry governing the special sciences. Philosophy approves of the mental faculties that produce reasoning and sensory beliefs. But sensory beliefs and the products of reason themselves face insuperable rational defeater arguments, and because they do, philosophy demands that we suspend these beliefs. Hume’s solution to this skeptical dilemma is to point out the fatal practical consequences of doing so. He advises us not to submit to the demands of philosophy when doing so is neither agreeable nor useful to ourselves or others. Hume’s moderate approach to philosophy recognizes that if the human mind is not created by a beneficent deity, then we must learn to live with the divergence between the epistemic demands of philosophy and the practical demands of life.

Hume's Critique of Religion: 'Sick Men's Dreams'

Author : Alan Bailey
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400766157
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Hume's Critique of Religion: 'Sick Men's Dreams' by : Alan Bailey

Download or read book Hume's Critique of Religion: 'Sick Men's Dreams' written by Alan Bailey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-10 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, authors Alan Bailey and Dan O’Brien examine the full import of David Hume’s arguments and the context of the society in which his work came to fruition. They analyze the nuanced natured of Hume's philosophical discourse and provide an informed look into his position on the possible content and rational justification of religious belief. The authors first detail the pressures and forms of repression that confronted any 18th century thinker wishing to challenge publicly the truth of Christian theism. From there, they offer an overview of Hume's writings on religion, paying particular attention to the inter-relationships between the various works. They show that Hume's writings on religion are best seen as an artfully constructed web of irreligious argument that seeks to push forward a radical outlook, one that only emerges when the attention shifts from the individual sections of the web to its overall structure and context. Even though there is no explicit denial in any of Hume's published writings or private correspondence of the existence of God, the implications of his arguments often seem to point strongly towards atheism. David Hume was one of the leading British critics of Christianity and all forms of religion at a time when public utterances or published writings denying the truth of Christianity were liable to legal prosecution. His philosophical and historical writings offer a sustained and remarkably open critique of religion that is unmatched by any previous author writing in English. Yet, despite Hume’s widespread reputation amongst his contemporaries for extreme irreligion, the subtle and measured manner in which he presents his position means that it remains far from clear how radical his views actually were.

Hume's True Scepticism

Author : Donald C. Ainslie
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 019106419X
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Hume's True Scepticism by : Donald C. Ainslie

Download or read book Hume's True Scepticism written by Donald C. Ainslie and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2015-09-03 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David Hume is famous as a sceptical philosopher but the nature of his scepticism is difficult to pin down. Hume's True Scepticism provides the first sustained interpretation of Part 4 of Book 1 of Hume's Treatise, his deepest engagement with sceptical arguments. Hume notes there that, while reason shows that we ought not to believe the verdicts of reason or the senses, we do so nonetheless. Donald C. Ainslie argues that Hume uses our reactions to the sceptical arguments as evidence in favour of his model of the mind. If we were self-conscious subjects, superintending our rational and sensory beliefs, nothing should stop us from embracing the sceptical conclusions. But instead our minds are bundles of perceptions with our beliefs being generated, not by reflective assent, but by the imagination's association of ideas. We are not forced into the sceptical quagmire. Nonetheless, we can reflect and philosophy uses this capacity to question whether we should believe our instinctive rational and sensory verdicts. It turns out that we cannot answer this question because the reflective investigation of the mind interferes with the associative processes involved in reason and sensation. We thus must accept our rational and sensory capacities without being able to vindicate or undermine them philosophically. Hume's True Scepticism addresses Hume's theory of representation; his criticisms of Locke, Descartes, and other predecessors; his account of the imagination; his understanding of perceptions and sensory belief; and his bundle theory of the mind and his later rejection of it.

David Hume on Miracles, Evidence, and Probability

Author : William L. Vanderburgh
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1498596940
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis David Hume on Miracles, Evidence, and Probability by : William L. Vanderburgh

Download or read book David Hume on Miracles, Evidence, and Probability written by William L. Vanderburgh and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-04-04 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David Hume’s argument against believing in miracles has attracted nearly continuous attention from philosophers and theologians since it was first published in 1748. Hume’s many commentators, however, both pro and con, have often misunderstood key aspects of Hume’s account of evidential probability and as a result have misrepresented Hume’s argument and conclusions regarding miracles in fundamental ways. This book argues that Hume’s account of probability descends from a long and laudable tradition that goes back to ancient Roman and medieval law. That account is entirely and deliberately non-mathematical. As a result, any analysis of Hume’s argument in terms of the mathematical theory of probability is doomed to failure. Recovering the knowledge of this ancient tradition of probable reasoning leads us to a correct interpretation of Hume’s argument against miracles, enables a more accurate understanding of many other episodes in the history of science and of philosophy, and may be also useful in contemporary attempts to weigh evidence in epistemically complex situations where confirmation theory and mathematical probability theory have proven to be less helpful than we would have hoped.

The External World and Our Knowledge of it

Author : Fred Wilson
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
ISBN 13 : 0802097642
Total Pages : 825 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis The External World and Our Knowledge of it by : Fred Wilson

Download or read book The External World and Our Knowledge of it written by Fred Wilson and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 825 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David Hume is often considered to have been a sceptic, particularly in his conception of the individual's knowledge of the external world. However, a closer examination of his works gives a much different impression of this aspect of Hume's philosophy, one that is due for a thorough scholarly analysis. This study argues that Hume was, in fact, a critical realist in the early twentieth-century sense, a period in which the term was used to describe the epistemological and ontological theories of such philosophers as Roy Wood Sellars and Bertrand Russell. Carefully situating Hume in his historical context, that is, relative to Aristotelian and rationalist traditions, Fred Wilson makes important and unique insights into Humean philosophy. Analyzing key sections of the Treatise, the Enquiry, and the Dialogues concerning Natural Religion, Wilson offers a deeper understanding of Hume by taking into account the philosopher's theories of the external world. Such a reading, the author explains, is not only more faithful to the texts, but also reinforces the view of Hume as a critical realist in light of twentieth-century discussions between externalism and internalism, and between coherentists and foundationalists. Complete with original observations and ideas, this study is sure to generate debates about Humean philosophy, critical realism, and the limits of perceptual knowledge.

The External World and Our Knowledge of It

Author : Fred Wilson
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
ISBN 13 : 1442692448
Total Pages : 825 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis The External World and Our Knowledge of It by : Fred Wilson

Download or read book The External World and Our Knowledge of It written by Fred Wilson and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2008-10-25 with total page 825 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David Hume is often considered to have been a sceptic, particularly in his conception of the individual's knowledge of the external world. However, a closer examination of his works gives a much different impression of this aspect of Hume's philosophy, one that is due for a thorough scholarly analysis. This study argues that Hume was, in fact, a critical realist in the early twentieth-century sense, a period in which the term was used to describe the epistemological and ontological theories of such philosophers as Roy Wood Sellars and Bertrand Russell. Carefully situating Hume in his historical context, that is, relative to Aristotelian and rationalist traditions, Fred Wilson makes important and unique insights into Humean philosophy. Analyzing key sections of the Treatise, the Enquiry, and the Dialogues concerning Natural Religion, Wilson offers a deeper understanding of Hume by taking into account the philosopher's theories of the external world. Such a reading, the author explains, is not only more faithful to the texts, but also reinforces the view of Hume as a critical realist in light of twentieth-century discussions between externalism and internalism, and between coherentists and foundationalists. Complete with original observations and ideas, this study is sure to generate debates about Humean philosophy, critical realism, and the limits of perceptual knowledge.