Agricultural Innovation in Developing East Asia

Download Agricultural Innovation in Developing East Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464816816
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Agricultural Innovation in Developing East Asia by : Riikka Rajalahti

Download or read book Agricultural Innovation in Developing East Asia written by Riikka Rajalahti and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-12-29 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural innovation has played a critical role in the economic transformation of developing East Asian countries over the past half century. The Green Revolution—in the form of modern seed varieties, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and modern machinery—has contributed to increased crop yields and farm incomes, and decreased poverty across the region. Although policy makers’ traditional focus on expanding and intensifying agricultural production has brought many benefits, the focus on productivity has come at a rising cost. The environmental sustainability of agricultural production is increasingly under threat. Moreover, as countries in the region have become more urbanized and demand for processed foods has risen, inadequate food safety systems and related food safety hazards have created a new form of food insecurity. As detailed in Agricultural Innovation in Developing East Asia: Productivity, Safety, and Sustainability, a new generation of innovation in agriculture has the potential to address the challenges of productivity, sustainability, and food safety to deliver a “triple win.†? To make the most of this promising wave of agricultural innovations, policy makers in the region will need to act to strengthen countries’ agricultural innovation systems. This effort will require a cross-cutting approach, including policy and institutional reforms, improved governance of countries’ agri-food systems, and efforts to build farmers’ and firms’ capacities to adopt new technologies and to innovate.

Agriculture Innovation Systems in Asia

Download Agriculture Innovation Systems in Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 0429554656
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Agriculture Innovation Systems in Asia by : Lakhwinder Singh

Download or read book Agriculture Innovation Systems in Asia written by Lakhwinder Singh and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at agricultural systems and rural economies in Asia through the prism of alternative innovation systems, alternative public policy and institutional changes. The massive shifts within the agricultural economy in Asia, geared towards increasing production, has had a direct effect on the livelihood of a large mass of people in rural societies, causing financial and social distress. This book explores a wide range of solutions, such as the role of education, improving technical skills and human capital, along with interactive learning in R&D, harnessing ICTs and institutional innovations, to see how these problems can be alleviated. The volume looks at how these methods can help formulate alternative ways to build sustainable and inclusive agricultural societies, ensure food security, sustainable growth and agricultural productivity. This book, rich in theoretical and empirical matter, will be useful for academics and researchers interested in agricultural innovation, development studies and agricultural economics. It will also be of interest to policymakers and thinktanks working towards inclusive social development and sustainability in Asia and the Indian subcontinent.

Agricultural Innovation in Asia

Download Agricultural Innovation in Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811990867
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Agricultural Innovation in Asia by : Teruaki Nanseki

Download or read book Agricultural Innovation in Asia written by Teruaki Nanseki and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-20 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the major findings of almost all types of innovation in agriculture that includes product and process innovation, marketing and organizational innovation, and extended to institutional changes and social welfare in agricultural innovation in Asia. Specially, this book provides the measuring of these types of agricultural innovation on production, economics, and social welfare. Furthermore, this book provides the overview of smart farming in two advanced countries in Asia in this field, which are China and Japan along with its innovation. This book also aims to give an overview on the development of agricultural innovation in the era of digital agriculture over the world.

Agricultural Innovation Systems

Download Agricultural Innovation Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821389440
Total Pages : 685 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Agricultural Innovation Systems by : The World Bank

Download or read book Agricultural Innovation Systems written by The World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-02-21 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managing the ability of agriculture to meet rising global demand and to respond to the changes and opportunities will require good policy, sustained investments, and innovation - not business as usual. Investments in public Research and Development, extension, education, and their links with one another have elicited high returns and pro-poor growth, but these investments alone will not elicit innovation at the pace or on the scale required by the intensifying and proliferating challenges confronting agriculture. Experience indicates that aside from a strong capacity in Research and Development, the ability to innovate is often related to collective action, coordination, the exchange of knowledge among diverse actors, the incentives and resources available to form partnerships and develop businesses, and conditions that make it possible for farmers or entrepreneurs to use the innovations. While consensus is developing about what is meant by 'innovation' and 'innovation system', no detailed blueprint exists for making agricultural innovation happen at a given time, in a given place, for a given result. The AIS approach that looks at these multiple conditions and relationships that promote innovation in agriculture, has however moved from a concept to a sub-discipline with principles of analysis and action. AIS investments must be specific to the context, responding to the stage of development in a particular country and agricultural sector, especially the AIS. This sourcebook contributes to identifying, designing, and implementing the investments, approaches, and complementary interventions that appear most likely to strengthen AIS and to promote agricultural innovation and equitable growth. It emphasizes the lessons learned, benefits and impacts, implementation issues, and prospects for replicating or expanding successful practices. The information in this sourcebook derives from approaches that have been tested at different scales in different contexts. It reflects the experiences and evolving understanding of numerous individuals and organizations concerned with agricultural innovation, including the World Bank. This information is targeted to the key operational staff in international and regional development agencies and national governments who design and implement lending projects and to the practitioners who design thematic programs and technical assistance packages. The sourcebook can also be an important resource for the research community and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).

Agriculture and Economic Development in East Asia

Download Agriculture and Economic Development in East Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134682743
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (346 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Agriculture and Economic Development in East Asia by : Joanna Boestel

Download or read book Agriculture and Economic Development in East Asia written by Joanna Boestel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-01-11 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comparative study which describes and analyses the contribution of agriculture to the economies of East Asia. Until now, little attention has been paid to the agricultural sector which actually underpins industrial and commercial development. Recently, this sector has become the focus of increasingly bitter economic disputes, especially over protection and the use of import tariffs. A comparative framework is used, employing case studies from Japan, Taiwan and South Korea to highlight both the common characteristics of agriculture's role in East Asian development, and features particular to the political economy of agriculture in each country.

Implications of Agricultural Innovation for Southeast Asia's Patterns of International Relations

Download Implications of Agricultural Innovation for Southeast Asia's Patterns of International Relations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (122 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Implications of Agricultural Innovation for Southeast Asia's Patterns of International Relations by : Lester Russell Brown

Download or read book Implications of Agricultural Innovation for Southeast Asia's Patterns of International Relations written by Lester Russell Brown and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Agricultural development: New perspectives in a changing world

Download Agricultural development: New perspectives in a changing world PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 : 0896293831
Total Pages : 798 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (962 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Agricultural development: New perspectives in a changing world by : Otsuka, Keijiro, ed.

Download or read book Agricultural development: New perspectives in a changing world written by Otsuka, Keijiro, ed. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-01-14 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural Development: New Perspectives in a Changing World is the first comprehensive exploration of key emerging issues facing developing-country agriculture today, from rapid urbanization to rural transformation to climate change. In this four-part volume, top experts offer the latest research in the field of agricultural development. Using new lenses to examine today’s biggest challenges, contributors address topics such as nutrition and health, gender and household decision-making, agrifood value chains, natural resource management, and political economy. The book also covers most developing regions, providing a critical global perspective at a time when many pressing challenges extend beyond national borders. Tying all this together, Agricultural Development explores policy options and strategies for developing sustainable agriculture and reducing food insecurity and malnutrition. The changing global landscape combined with new and better data, technologies, and understanding means that agriculture can and must contribute to a wider range of development outcomes than ever before, including reducing poverty, ensuring adequate nutrition, creating strong food value chains, improving environmental sustainability, and promoting gender equity and equality. Agricultural Development: New Perspectives in a Changing World, with its unprecedented breadth and scope, will be an indispensable resource for the next generation of policymakers, researchers, and students dedicated to improving agriculture for global wellbeing.

Agricultural research in Southeast Asia: A cross-country analysis of resource allocation, performance, and impact on productivity

Download Agricultural research in Southeast Asia: A cross-country analysis of resource allocation, performance, and impact on productivity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Agricultural research in Southeast Asia: A cross-country analysis of resource allocation, performance, and impact on productivity by : Stads, Gert-Jan

Download or read book Agricultural research in Southeast Asia: A cross-country analysis of resource allocation, performance, and impact on productivity written by Stads, Gert-Jan and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-10-26 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Southeast Asia made considerable progress in building and strengthening its agricultural R&D capacity during 2000–2017. All of the region’s countries reported higher numbers of agricultural researchers, improvements in their average qualification levels, and higher shares of women participating in agricultural R&D. In contrast, regional agricultural research spending remained stagnant, despite considerable growth in agricultural output over time. As a result, Southeast Asia’s agricultural research intensity—that is, agricultural research spending as a share of agricultural GDP—steadily declined from 0.50 percent in 2000 to just 0.33 percent in 2017. Although the extent of underinvestment in agricultural research differs across countries, all Southeast Asian countries invested below the levels deemed attainable based on the analysis summarized in this report. The region will need to increase its agricultural research investment substantially in order to address future agricultural production challenges more effectively and ensure productivity growth. Southeast Asia’s least developed agricultural research systems (Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar) are characterized by low scientific output and researcher productivity as a direct consequence of severe underfunding and lack of sufficient well-qualified research staff. While Malaysia and Thailand have significantly more developed agricultural research systems, they still report key inefficiencies and resource constraints that require attention. Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam occupy intermediate positions between these two groups of high- and low-performing agricultural research systems. Growing national economies, higher disposable incomes, and changing consumption patterns will prompt considerable shifts in levels of agricultural production, consumption, imports, and exports across Southeast Asia over the next 20 to 30 years. The resource-allocation decisions that governments make today will affect agricultural productivity for decades to come. Governments therefore need to ensure the research they undertake is responsive to future challenges and opportunities, and aligned with strategic development and agricultural sector plans. ASTI’s projections reveal that prioritizing investment in staple crops will still trigger fastest agricultural productivity growth in Laos. However, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam could achieve faster growth over the next 30 years by prioritizing investment in research focused on fruit, vegetables, livestock, and aquaculture. In Cambodia, Myanmar, and Thailand, the choice between focusing on staple crops versus high-value commodities was less pronounced, but projections did indicate that prioritizing investments in oil crop research would trigger significantly lower growth in agricultural productivity.

A Multi-Industrial Linkages Approach to Cluster Building in East Asia

Download A Multi-Industrial Linkages Approach to Cluster Building in East Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137571284
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (375 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Multi-Industrial Linkages Approach to Cluster Building in East Asia by : Akifumi Kuchiki

Download or read book A Multi-Industrial Linkages Approach to Cluster Building in East Asia written by Akifumi Kuchiki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-28 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes measures to promote regional industrial development in East Asia from the perspective of three industries: agriculture, food, and tourism. The authors argue that for regional agriculture to develop, collaboration with the food industry is essential. Further, by linking tourism, economic collaboration between the three industries is strengthened. The first part of the book introduces a basic model for the formation of the agriculture, food, and tourism industry cluster. Contributions from leading academics in agricultural economics then go on to discuss the relevance of this multi-industry cluster in countries such as Japan, the Republic of Korea, and Cambodia, amongst others. The final part sets out new approaches for further development in the cluster through quantitative analyses of the ‘economies of sequence’ concept. Readers will discover that from establishing linkages between different industries and other economic sectors, important positive externalities can be generated and these processes can be triggered on the local or cluster level.

Agricultural Revolution in Southeast Asia

Download Agricultural Revolution in Southeast Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Agricultural Revolution in Southeast Asia by :

Download or read book Agricultural Revolution in Southeast Asia written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Overview of the agricultural modernization in Southeast Asia

Download Overview of the agricultural modernization in Southeast Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 45 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Overview of the agricultural modernization in Southeast Asia by : Takeshima, Hiroyuki

Download or read book Overview of the agricultural modernization in Southeast Asia written by Takeshima, Hiroyuki and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2019-03-28 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the importance of Southeast Asia (SEA) region in the world for economy and agriculture, and despite reported evidence of the modernization of various aspects of the agricultural sector, the information has not been compiled in ways that provides more representative insights of the regions, as well as chronological, dynamic perspectives across different aspects of the overall agricultural developments. This report partly fills this knowledge gap by summarizing the key characteristics in SEA region of the agricultural development, as well as changes in related outcomes, such as nutrition, natural resource endowments, and the labor movement into non-farm economies. In doing so, the report gathers secondary cross-country data on key aspects of the agricultural modernization and diversification. Overall, the SEA region has seen a relatively fast movement of labor out of the agricultural sector into non-farm sectors including trade, restaurants and hotel industries in the last few decades, leading to higher labor productivity growth than land productivity growth. Despite the important roles of trade, the agricultural production within the region and in each country continues to account for important sources of food and nutrition. The modern production technologies and inputs have spread constantly within the region, but with considerable time lags across countries. The growth of vegetable oils and aquaculture production have been considerable, and contrast with South Asia (SA)where similar patterns have been observed for vegetables and milk production. The public sector has played important roles in agricultural research and development (R&D)on genetic improvements, and infrastructure development, while keeping the nominal assistance to the sector through market interventions to a relatively modest level, which has been accompanied by the significant growth of the private-sector participation in the provisions of inputs, services and agricultural finance. The agricultural modernization in SEA region has, however, been also associated with some negative outcomes, including continued degradation of natural resources like water and forest areas in which SEA has been relatively rich historically, and gradual increases in certain types of malnutrition including overweight and diabetes.

Getting Ready for the Twenty-first Century

Download Getting Ready for the Twenty-first Century PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821325100
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (251 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Getting Ready for the Twenty-first Century by : Charles H. Antholt

Download or read book Getting Ready for the Twenty-first Century written by Charles H. Antholt and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The productivity growth of farming in Asian countries over the past few decades highlights the high returns on investments in agricultural research and extension made in the region. This publication examines the performance of agricultural research and extension programmes in Asia, including the World Bank's training and visit (TandV) system, the challenges they face, and ways of improving their relevance, responsiveness, and cost- effectiveness. Conclusions reached include the importance of raising agricultural productivity through new technology in order to promote long- term growth and poverty reduction, and the need for less intensive and more environmentally sound agricultural practices.

Agricultural Development and Technical Cooperation toward Green and Inclusive Growth in East Asian APEC Economies

Download Agricultural Development and Technical Cooperation toward Green and Inclusive Growth in East Asian APEC Economies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : 길잡이미디어
ISBN 13 : 8932201021
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (322 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Agricultural Development and Technical Cooperation toward Green and Inclusive Growth in East Asian APEC Economies by : Shinyoung Jeon

Download or read book Agricultural Development and Technical Cooperation toward Green and Inclusive Growth in East Asian APEC Economies written by Shinyoung Jeon and published by 길잡이미디어. This book was released on 2013-12-31 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural Development and Technical Cooperation toward Green and Inclusive Growth in East Asian APEC Economies East Asian APEC economies should expand cooperation, as they have common goals to achieve greater food self-sufficiency and food security by 2020. In Asia, the issues of undernourished (particularly China), small-scale farming due to limited farmland and consequently low levels of mechanization, aging and feminizing farm workforce are crucial. These problems will be exacerbated to be solved due to increasingly open markets through the proliferation of free trade agreements. To tackle these challenges, through increasing agricultural productivity and production, and adequate agricultural trade development, economies should improve food security and tackle related social issues. In this regard, agricultural technical cooperation among East Asian APEC economies has advantages: they share relatively common problems of and approaches to agricultural labour force and agricultural economy; in addition, agricultural trade among APEC Asian economies is growing faster than any other region. They can form collective responses while sharing best practices and experiences, technical and financial assistance, common responses to environmental and climate change issues, development of data infrastructure, minimizing the negative impact from agricultural open market. Concretely, East Asian APEC member economies can better gather and share alternative indicators that measure emerging contemporary agricultural issues by including them into statistical systems. Through this, they can build more adequate policies. It is also necessary to create collective solutions for transition of agricultural labour force, especially small-scale farmers, into higher-value and ecological farming or productive non-farm sector through skills development and for better coping with consequent shocks and adjustments from increasing free trade agreements. In order to do so, they need to bring up collective commitment to agricultural development and investment for the long term. Achieving such cooperation will require strong, effective, and well-resourced driving agents. Despite the limitations of APEC’s current institutional bodies on agricultural technical cooperation, if APEC is committed to the Food Security Road Map of improving food security by 2020, then it must extend its cooperative efforts such as the Agricultural Technical Cooperation Working Group (ATCWG) and Policy Partnership on Food Security (PPFS) to be increasingly focused and include a wider range of actors, including farmers ? the true agents of change in any agricultural system. I. Introduction II. Agricultural Development in East Asian APEC Economies 1. The Economic Importance and Productivity of Agriculture 2. Food Security and Agricultural Production 3. Food Self-Sufficiency III. Challenges Facing Agricultural Development and Trade in East Asian APEC Economies 1. Agricultural Prices and Trade 2. Stagnating Agricultural Productivity: Land, Investment and Technology IV. Agricultural Technical Cooperation in APEC 1. Advantages and Future Possibilities 2. Requirements for Effective Technical Cooperation V. Conclusion

The Growth and Sustainability of Agriculture in Asia

Download The Growth and Sustainability of Agriculture in Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Growth and Sustainability of Agriculture in Asia by : Mingsan Khāosaʻāt

Download or read book The Growth and Sustainability of Agriculture in Asia written by Mingsan Khāosaʻāt and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an extensive account of the green revolution's effect on the performance of Asian agriculture over the past two decades, as well as the second-generation problems that the green revolution is now experiencing.

Agriculture in East Asia

Download Agriculture in East Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (39 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Agriculture in East Asia by : Abdul Alim

Download or read book Agriculture in East Asia written by Abdul Alim and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Technological and Institutional Innovations for Marginalized Smallholders in Agricultural Development

Download Technological and Institutional Innovations for Marginalized Smallholders in Agricultural Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319257188
Total Pages : 435 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Technological and Institutional Innovations for Marginalized Smallholders in Agricultural Development by : Franz W. Gatzweiler

Download or read book Technological and Institutional Innovations for Marginalized Smallholders in Agricultural Development written by Franz W. Gatzweiler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-19 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the book is to present contributions in theory, policy and practice to the science and policy of sustainable intensification by means of technological and institutional innovations in agriculture. The research insights re from Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. The purpose of this book is to be a reference for students, scholars and practitioners inthe field of science and policy for understanding and identifying agricultural productivity growth potentials in marginalized areas.

The Innovation Imperative for Developing East Asia

Download The Innovation Imperative for Developing East Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464816565
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Innovation Imperative for Developing East Asia by : Xavier Cirera

Download or read book The Innovation Imperative for Developing East Asia written by Xavier Cirera and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-05-07 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After a half century of transformative economic progress that moved hundreds of millions of people out of poverty, countries in developing East Asia are facing an array of challenges to their future development. Slowed productivity growth, increased fragility of the global trading system, and rapid changes in technology are all threatening export-oriented, labor-intensive manufacturing—the region’s engine of growth. Significant global challenges—such as climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic—are exacerbating economic vulnerability. These developments raise questions about whether the region’s past model of development can continue to deliver rapid growth and poverty reduction. Against this background, The Innovation Imperative in Developing East Asia aims to deepen understanding of the role of innovation in future development. The report examines the state of innovation in the region and analyzes the main constraints that firms and countries face to innovating. It assesses current policies and institutions, and lays out an agenda for action to spur more innovation-led growth. A key finding of the report is that countries’ current innovation policies are not aligned with their capabilities and needs. Policies need to strengthen the capacity of firms to innovate and support technological diffusion rather than just invention. Policy makers also need to eliminate policy biases against innovation in services, a sector that is growing in economic importance. Moreover, countries need to strengthen key complementary factors for innovation, including firms’ managerial quality, workers’ skills, and finance for innovation. Countries in developing East Asia would also do well to deepen their tradition of international openness, which could foster openness in other parts of the world. Doing so would help sustain the flows of ideas, trade, investment, and people that facilitate the creation and diffusion of knowledge for innovation.