Advocacy And Objectivity

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Advocacy and Objectivity

Author : Mary Furner
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351533738
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis Advocacy and Objectivity by : Mary Furner

Download or read book Advocacy and Objectivity written by Mary Furner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This award-winning book of the Frederick Jackson Turner Studies describes the early development of social science professions in the United States. Furner traces the academic process in economics, sociology, and political science. She devotes considerable attention to economics in the 1880s, when first-generation professionals wrestled with the enormously difficult social questions associated with industrialization. Controversies among economists reflected an endemic tension in social science between the necessity of being recognized as objective scientists and an intense desire to advocate reforms. Molded by internal conflicts and external pressures, social science gradually changed. In the 1890s economics was defined more narrowly around market concerns. Both reformers and students of social dynamics gravitated to the emerging discipline of sociology, while political science professionalized around the important new field of public administration. This division of social science into specialized disciplines was especially significant as progressivism opened paths to power and influence for social science experts. Professionalization profoundly altered the role and contribution of social scientists in American life. Since the late nineteenth century, professionals have exerted increasing control over complex economic and social processes, often performing services that they themselves have helped to make essential. Furner here seeks to discover how emerging groups of American social scientists envisioned their role what rights and responsibilities they claimed how they hoped to perform a vital social function as they fulfilled their own ambitions, and what restraints they recognized.

Advocacy & Objectivity

Author : Mary O. Furner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (277 download)

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Book Synopsis Advocacy & Objectivity by : Mary O. Furner

Download or read book Advocacy & Objectivity written by Mary O. Furner and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Just the Facts

Author : David T.Z. Mindich
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814764150
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

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Book Synopsis Just the Facts by : David T.Z. Mindich

Download or read book Just the Facts written by David T.Z. Mindich and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 1998-11-01 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Draws a history of journalism's most respected tenet—objectivity If American journalism were a religion, as it has been called, then its supreme deity would be "objectivity." The high priests of the profession worship the concept, while the iconoclasts of advocacy journalism, new journalism, and cyberjournalism consider objectivity a golden calf. Meanwhile, a groundswell of tabloids and talk shows and the increasing infringement of market concerns make a renewed discussion of the validity, possibility, and aim of objectivity a crucial pursuit. Despite its position as the orbital sun of journalistic ethics, objectivity—until now—has had no historian. David T. Z. Mindich reaches back to the nineteenth century to recover the lost history and meaning of this central tenet of American journalism. His book draws on high profile cases, showing the degree to which journalism and its evolving commitment to objectivity altered–and in some cases limited—the public's understanding of events and issues. Mindich devotes each chapter to a particular component of this ethic–detachment, nonpartisanship, the inverted pyramid style, facticity, and balance. Through this combination of history and cultural criticism, Mindich provides a profound meditation on the structure, promise, and limits of objectivity in the age of cybermedia.

The View from Somewhere

Author : Lewis Raven Wallace
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226826589
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (268 download)

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Book Synopsis The View from Somewhere by : Lewis Raven Wallace

Download or read book The View from Somewhere written by Lewis Raven Wallace and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2023-03-22 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A look at the history of the idea of the objective journalist and how this very ideal can often be used to undercut itself. In The View from Somewhere, Lewis Raven Wallace dives deep into the history of “objectivity” in journalism and how its been used to gatekeep and silence marginalized writers as far back as Ida B. Wells. At its core, this is a book about fierce journalists who have pursued truth and transparency and sometimes been punished for it—not just by tyrannical governments but by journalistic institutions themselves. He highlights the stories of journalists who question “objectivity” with sensitivity and passion: Desmond Cole of the Toronto Star; New York Times reporter Linda Greenhouse; Pulitzer Prize-winner Rachel Kaadzi Ghansah; Peabody-winning podcaster John Biewen; Guardian correspondent Gary Younge; former Buzzfeed reporter Meredith Talusan; and many others. Wallace also shares his own experiences as a midwestern transgender journalist and activist who was fired from his job as a national reporter for public radio for speaking out against “objectivity” in coverage of Trump and white supremacy. With insightful steps through history, Wallace stresses that journalists have never been mere passive observers. Using historical and contemporary examples—from lynching in the nineteenth century to transgender issues in the twenty-first—Wallace offers a definitive critique of “objectivity” as a catchall for accurate journalism. He calls for the dismissal of this damaging mythology in order to confront the realities of institutional power, racism, and other forms of oppression and exploitation in the news industry. The View from Somewhere is a compelling rallying cry against journalist neutrality and for the validity of news told from distinctly subjective voices.

Objectivity: A Very Short Introduction

Author : Stephen Gaukroger
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191642096
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis Objectivity: A Very Short Introduction by : Stephen Gaukroger

Download or read book Objectivity: A Very Short Introduction written by Stephen Gaukroger and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-05-24 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - Is objectivity possible? - Can there be objectivity in matters of morals, or tastes? - What would a truly objective account of the world be like? - Is everything subjective, or relative? - Are moral judgments objective or culturally relative? Objectivity is both an essential and elusive philosophical concept. An account is generally considered to be objective if it attempts to capture the nature of the object studied without judgement of a conscious entity or subject. Objectivity stands in contrast to subjectivity: an objective account is impartial, one which could ideally be accepted by any subject, because it does not draw on any assumptions, prejudices, or values of particular subjects. Stephen Gaukroger shows that it is far from clear that we can resolve moral or aesthetic disputes in this way and it has often been argued that such an approach is not always appropriate for disciplines that deal with human, rather than natural, phenomena. Moreover, even in those cases where we seek to be objective, it may be difficult to judge what a truly objective account would look like, and whether it is achievable. This Very Short Introduction demonstrates that there are a number of common misunderstandings about what objectivity is, and explores the theoretical and practical problems of objectivity by assessing the basic questions raised by it. As well as considering the core philosophical issues, Gaukroger also deals with the way in which particular understandings of objectivity impinge on social research, science, and art. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal

Author : Heather Douglas
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
ISBN 13 : 082297357X
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal by : Heather Douglas

Download or read book Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal written by Heather Douglas and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 2009-07-15 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of science in policymaking has gained unprecedented stature in the United States, raising questions about the place of science and scientific expertise in the democratic process. Some scientists have been given considerable epistemic authority in shaping policy on issues of great moral and cultural significance, and the politicizing of these issues has become highly contentious. Since World War II, most philosophers of science have purported the concept that science should be “value-free.” In Science, Policy and the Value-Free Ideal, Heather E. Douglas argues that such an ideal is neither adequate nor desirable for science. She contends that the moral responsibilities of scientists require the consideration of values even at the heart of science. She lobbies for a new ideal in which values serve an essential function throughout scientific inquiry, but where the role values play is constrained at key points, thus protecting the integrity and objectivity of science. In this vein, Douglas outlines a system for the application of values to guide scientists through points of uncertainty fraught with moral valence. Following a philosophical analysis of the historical background of science advising and the value-free ideal, Douglas defines how values should-and should not-function in science. She discusses the distinctive direct and indirect roles for values in reasoning, and outlines seven senses of objectivity, showing how each can be employed to determine the reliability of scientific claims. Douglas then uses these philosophical insights to clarify the distinction between junk science and sound science to be used in policymaking. In conclusion, she calls for greater openness on the values utilized in policymaking, and more public participation in the policymaking process, by suggesting various models for effective use of both the public and experts in key risk assessments.

Seeing Human Rights

Author : Sandra Ristovska
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262542536
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Seeing Human Rights by : Sandra Ristovska

Download or read book Seeing Human Rights written by Sandra Ristovska and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-08-03 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As video becomes an important tool to expose injustice, an examination of how human rights organizations are seeking to professionalize video activism. Visual imagery is at the heart of humanitarian and human rights activism, and video has become a key tool in these efforts. The Saffron Revolution in Myanmar, the Green Movement in Iran, and Black Lives Matter in the United States have all used video to expose injustice. In Seeing Human Rights, Sandra Ristovska examines how human rights organizations are seeking to professionalize video activism through video production, verification standards, and training. The result, she argues, is a proxy profession that uses human rights videos to tap into journalism, the law, and political advocacy. Ristovska explains that this proxy profession retains some tactical flexibility in its use of video while giving up on the more radical potential and imaginative scope of video activism as a cultural practice. Drawing on detailed analysis of legal cases and videos as well as extensive interviews with staff members of such organizations as Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, WITNESS, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), and the International Criminal Court (ICC), Ristovska considers the unique affordances of video and examines the unfolding relationships among journalists, human rights organizations, activists, and citizens in global crisis reporting. She offers a case study of the visual turn in the law; describes advocacy and marketing strategies; and argues that the transformation of video activism into a proxy profession privileges institutional and legal spaces over broader constituencies for public good.

Shaping Public Opinion

Author : Janice S. Ellis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781949642674
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis Shaping Public Opinion by : Janice S. Ellis

Download or read book Shaping Public Opinion written by Janice S. Ellis and published by . This book was released on 2021-05-10 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A...well-researched and convincingly argued case." -Kirkus Reviews "Powerful and Timely" -Chanticleer International Book Reviews SHAPING PUBLIC OPINION: How Real Advocacy Journalism(TM) Should Be Practiced There is a growing, if not urgent, need to understand the difference between the advocacy journalism being practiced today and Real Advocacy Journalism(TM). More importantly, we all need to readily recognize when one or the other is at play in trying to influence public opinion, or urge a hopeful, trusting public to action. The author revisits the works of Walter Lippmann, one of the foremost advocate journalists of the last 100 years for a roadmap on how to know the difference. Complex local, regional, national, and global issues are often covered and treated with a biased and simplistic approach. This happens all too frequently when the public is asked to form an opinion or support an action about issue such as: should we go to war or support a war; what is the appropriate health care policy for the majority of citizens; how can gun violence be curbed; what are the distinctions between terrorism, foreign or homegrown; is climate change a real threat to civilization or a man-made hoax; and, on and on.... Shaping Public Opinion will have special resonance with journalists, political columnists/commentators, pundits, political leaders, other influencers of public opinion, the professors who teach and the students who study them as well as citizens who are concerned about the trajectory and course of our national and international political dialogue.

Victim Advocacy in the Courtroom

Author : Mary Lay Schuster
Publisher : UPNE
ISBN 13 : 1555537499
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (555 download)

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Book Synopsis Victim Advocacy in the Courtroom by : Mary Lay Schuster

Download or read book Victim Advocacy in the Courtroom written by Mary Lay Schuster and published by UPNE. This book was released on 2011-07-12 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a deeply textured view of how victims' voices are introduced and heard in courts

Model Rules of Professional Conduct

Author : American Bar Association. House of Delegates
Publisher : American Bar Association
ISBN 13 : 9781590318737
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (187 download)

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Book Synopsis Model Rules of Professional Conduct by : American Bar Association. House of Delegates

Download or read book Model Rules of Professional Conduct written by American Bar Association. House of Delegates and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.

Objectivity

Author : Lorraine Daston
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1942130619
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis Objectivity by : Lorraine Daston

Download or read book Objectivity written by Lorraine Daston and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-02 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objectivity has a history, and it is full of surprises. In Objectivity, Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison chart the emergence of objectivity in the mid-nineteenth-century sciences — and show how the concept differs from alternatives, truth-to-nature and trained judgment. This is a story of lofty epistemic ideals fused with workaday practices in the making of scientific images. From the eighteenth through the early twenty-first centuries, the images that reveal the deepest commitments of the empirical sciences — from anatomy to crystallography — are those featured in scientific atlases: the compendia that teach practitioners of a discipline what is worth looking at and how to look at it. Atlas images define the working objects of the sciences of the eye: snowflakes, galaxies, skeletons, even elementary particles. Galison and Daston use atlas images to uncover a hidden history of scientific objectivity and its rivals. Whether an atlas maker idealizes an image to capture the essentials in the name of truth-to-nature or refuses to erase even the most incidental detail in the name of objectivity or highlights patterns in the name of trained judgment is a decision enforced by an ethos as well as by an epistemology. As Daston and Galison argue, atlases shape the subjects as well as the objects of science. To pursue objectivity — or truth-to-nature or trained judgment — is simultaneously to cultivate a distinctive scientific self wherein knowing and knower converge. Moreover, the very point at which they visibly converge is in the very act of seeing not as a separate individual but as a member of a particular scientific community. Embedded in the atlas image, therefore, are the traces of consequential choices about knowledge, persona, and collective sight. Objectivity is a book addressed to any one interested in the elusive and crucial notion of objectivity — and in what it means to peer into the world scientifically.

The Privacy Advocates

Author : Colin J. Bennett
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262260425
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis The Privacy Advocates by : Colin J. Bennett

Download or read book The Privacy Advocates written by Colin J. Bennett and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2010-08-13 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis of the people and groups who have emerged to challenge the increasingly intrusive ways personal information is captured, processed, and disseminated. Today, personal information is captured, processed, and disseminated in a bewildering variety of ways, and through increasingly sophisticated, miniaturized, and distributed technologies: identity cards, biometrics, video surveillance, the use of cookies and spyware by Web sites, data mining and profiling, and many others. In The Privacy Advocates, Colin Bennett analyzes the people and groups around the world who have risen to challenge the most intrusive surveillance practices by both government and corporations. Bennett describes a network of self-identified privacy advocates who have emerged from civil society—without official sanction and with few resources, but surprisingly influential. A number of high-profile conflicts in recent years have brought this international advocacy movement more sharply into focus. Bennett is the first to examine privacy and surveillance not from a legal, political, or technical perspective but from the viewpoint of these independent activists who have found creative ways to affect policy and practice. Drawing on extensive interviews with key informants in the movement, he examines how they frame the issue and how they organize, who they are and what strategies they use. He also presents a series of case studies that illustrate how effective their efforts have been, including conflicts over key-escrow encryption (which allows the government to read encrypted messages), online advertising through third-party cookies that track users across different Web sites, and online authentication mechanisms such as the short-lived Microsoft Passport. Finally, Bennett considers how the loose coalitions of the privacy network could develop into a more cohesive international social movement.

The Influencing Machine: Brooke Gladstone on the Media

Author : Brooke Gladstone
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393077799
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis The Influencing Machine: Brooke Gladstone on the Media by : Brooke Gladstone

Download or read book The Influencing Machine: Brooke Gladstone on the Media written by Brooke Gladstone and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2011-05-23 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cohost of NPR's "On the Media" narrates, in cartoon form, two millennia of history of the influence of the media on the populace, from newspapers in Caesar's Rome to the penny press of the American Revolution to today.

Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309145449
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-09-16 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collaborations of physicians and researchers with industry can provide valuable benefits to society, particularly in the translation of basic scientific discoveries to new therapies and products. Recent reports and news stories have, however, documented disturbing examples of relationships and practices that put at risk the integrity of medical research, the objectivity of professional education, the quality of patient care, the soundness of clinical practice guidelines, and the public's trust in medicine. Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice provides a comprehensive look at conflict of interest in medicine. It offers principles to inform the design of policies to identify, limit, and manage conflicts of interest without damaging constructive collaboration with industry. It calls for both short-term actions and long-term commitments by institutions and individuals, including leaders of academic medical centers, professional societies, patient advocacy groups, government agencies, and drug, device, and pharmaceutical companies. Failure of the medical community to take convincing action on conflicts of interest invites additional legislative or regulatory measures that may be overly broad or unduly burdensome. Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice makes several recommendations for strengthening conflict of interest policies and curbing relationships that create risks with little benefit. The book will serve as an invaluable resource for individuals and organizations committed to high ethical standards in all realms of medicine.

The Far Right Today

Author : Cas Mudde
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 150953685X
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis The Far Right Today by : Cas Mudde

Download or read book The Far Right Today written by Cas Mudde and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-10-25 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The far right is back with a vengeance. After several decades at the political margins, far-right politics has again taken center stage. Three of the world’s largest democracies – Brazil, India, and the United States – now have a radical right leader, while far-right parties continue to increase their profile and support within Europe. In this timely book, leading global expert on political extremism Cas Mudde provides a concise overview of the fourth wave of postwar far-right politics, exploring its history, ideology, organization, causes, and consequences, as well as the responses available to civil society, party, and state actors to challenge its ideas and influence. What defines this current far-right renaissance, Mudde argues, is its mainstreaming and normalization within the contemporary political landscape. Challenging orthodox thinking on the relationship between conventional and far-right politics, Mudde offers a complex and insightful picture of one of the key political challenges of our time.

Why Journalism Still Matters

Author : Michael Schudson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1509528083
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Why Journalism Still Matters by : Michael Schudson

Download or read book Why Journalism Still Matters written by Michael Schudson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-10-22 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can we talk about the news media without proclaiming journalism either our savior or the source of all evil? It is not easy to do so, but it gets easier if we put the problems and prospects of journalism in historical and comparative perspective, view them with a sociological knowledge of how newsmaking operates, and see them in a political context that examines how political institutions shape news as well as how news shapes political attitudes and institutions. Adopting this approach, Michael Schudson examines news and news institutions in relation to democratic theory and practice, in relation to the economic crisis that affects so many news organizations today and in relation to recent discussions of “fake news.” In contrast to those who suggest that journalism has had its day, Schudson argues that journalism has become more important than ever for liberal democracies as the keystone institution in a web of accountability for a governmental system that invites public attention, public monitoring and public participation. For the public to be swayed from positions people have already staked out, and for government officials to respond to charges that they have behaved corruptly or unconstitutionally or simply rashly and unwisely, the source of information has to come from organizations that hold themselves to the highest standards of verification, fact-checking, and independent and original research, and that is exactly what professional journalism aspires to do. This timely and important defense of journalism will be of great value to anyone concerned about the future of news and of democracy.

Engaged Observer

Author : Victoria Sanford
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 0813538920
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Engaged Observer by : Victoria Sanford

Download or read book Engaged Observer written by Victoria Sanford and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Anthropology has long been associated with an ethos of "engagement." The field's core methods and practices involve long-term interpersonal contact between researchers and their study participants, giving major research topics in the field a distinctively human face. The fact that these interactions frequently cross social parameters, including class, race, ethnicity, and gender, raises important questions. Can research findings be authentic and objective? Are anthropologists able to use their data to aid the participants of their study, and is that aid always welcome? In this book, authors bring together an international array of scholars who have been embedded in some of the most conflict-ridden and dangerous zones in the world to reflect on the role and responsibility of anthropological inquiry. They explore issues of truth and objectivity, the role of the academic, the politics of memory, and the impact of race, gender, and social position on the research process. Through ethnographic case studies, they offer models for conducting engaged research and illustrate the contradictions and challenges of doing so".--BOOKJACKET.