A Test Of Clinical Utility

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Evolution of Translational Omics

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309224187
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution of Translational Omics by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Evolution of Translational Omics written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-09-13 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technologies collectively called omics enable simultaneous measurement of an enormous number of biomolecules; for example, genomics investigates thousands of DNA sequences, and proteomics examines large numbers of proteins. Scientists are using these technologies to develop innovative tests to detect disease and to predict a patient's likelihood of responding to specific drugs. Following a recent case involving premature use of omics-based tests in cancer clinical trials at Duke University, the NCI requested that the IOM establish a committee to recommend ways to strengthen omics-based test development and evaluation. This report identifies best practices to enhance development, evaluation, and translation of omics-based tests while simultaneously reinforcing steps to ensure that these tests are appropriately assessed for scientific validity before they are used to guide patient treatment in clinical trials.

An Evidence Framework for Genetic Testing

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309453291
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis An Evidence Framework for Genetic Testing by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book An Evidence Framework for Genetic Testing written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-21 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in genetics and genomics are transforming medical practice, resulting in a dramatic growth of genetic testing in the health care system. The rapid development of new technologies, however, has also brought challenges, including the need for rigorous evaluation of the validity and utility of genetic tests, questions regarding the best ways to incorporate them into medical practice, and how to weigh their cost against potential short- and long-term benefits. As the availability of genetic tests increases so do concerns about the achievement of meaningful improvements in clinical outcomes, costs of testing, and the potential for accentuating medical care inequality. Given the rapid pace in the development of genetic tests and new testing technologies, An Evidence Framework for Genetic Testing seeks to advance the development of an adequate evidence base for genetic tests to improve patient care and treatment. Additionally, this report recommends a framework for decision-making regarding the use of genetic tests in clinical care.

Assessment of Diagnostic Technology in Health Care

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030904099X
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Assessment of Diagnostic Technology in Health Care by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Assessment of Diagnostic Technology in Health Care written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-02-01 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology assessment can lead to the rapid application of essential diagnostic technologies and prevent the wide diffusion of marginally useful methods. In both of these ways, it can increase quality of care and decrease the cost of health care. This comprehensive monograph carefully explores methods of and barriers to diagnostic technology assessment and describes both the rationale and the guidelines for meaningful evaluation. While proposing a multi-institutional approach, it emphasizes some of the problems involved and defines a mechanism for improving the evaluation and use of medical technology and essential resources needed to enhance patient care.

The Medical Model in Mental Health

Author : Ahmed Samei Huda
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192534092
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis The Medical Model in Mental Health by : Ahmed Samei Huda

Download or read book The Medical Model in Mental Health written by Ahmed Samei Huda and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many published books that comment on the medical model have been written by doctors, who assume that readers have the same knowledge of medicine, or by those who have attempted to discredit and attack the medical practice. Both types of book have tended to present diagnostic categories in medicine as universally scientifically valid examples of clear-cut diseases easily distinguished from each other and from health; with a fixed prognosis; and with a well-understood aetiology leading to disease-reversing treatments. These are contrasted with psychiatric diagnoses and treatments, which are described as unclear and inadequate in comparison. The Medical Model in Mental Health: An Explanation and Evaluation explores the overlap between the usefulness of diagnostic constructs (which enable prognosis and treatment decisions) and the therapeutic effectiveness of psychiatry compared with general medicine. The book explains the medical model and how it applies in mental health, assuming little knowledge or experience of medicine, and defends psychiatry as a medical practice.

WJ IV Clinical Use and Interpretation

Author : Dawn P Flanagan
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128021101
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis WJ IV Clinical Use and Interpretation by : Dawn P Flanagan

Download or read book WJ IV Clinical Use and Interpretation written by Dawn P Flanagan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-01-28 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WJ IV Clinical Use and Interpretation: Scientist-Practitioner Perspectives provides clinical use and interpretive information for clinical practitioners using the Woodcock-Johnson, Fourth Edition (WJ IV). The book discusses how the cognitive, achievement, and oral language batteries are organized, a description of their specific content, a brief review of their psychometric properties, and best practices in interpreting scores on the WJ IV. Coverage includes the predictive validity of its lower order factors and the clinical information that can be derived from its 60 individual subtests. Part II of this book describes the clinical and diagnostic utility of the WJ IV with young children for diagnosing learning disabilities in both school age and adult populations, and for identifying gifted and talented individuals. Additionally, the book discusses the use of the WJ IV with individuals whose culture and language backgrounds differ from those who are native English speakers and who were born and raised in mainstream US culture. - Discusses the organization and content of all three batteries in the WJ-IV - Reviews best practices for score interpretation - Covers psychometric properties and predictive validity - Explores clinical information that can be extracted from 60 individual subtests - Includes diagnostic utility for learning disabilities, giftedness, and non-English speaking populations

Screening for Depression in Clinical Practice

Author : Alex J. Mitchell
Publisher : OUP USA
ISBN 13 : 0195380193
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Screening for Depression in Clinical Practice by : Alex J. Mitchell

Download or read book Screening for Depression in Clinical Practice written by Alex J. Mitchell and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2009-12-02 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mood disorders are a global health issue. National guidance for their detection and management have been published in the US and in Europe. Despite this, the rate at which depression is recognized and managed in primary and secondary care settings remains low and suggests that many clinicians are still unsure how to screen people for mood disorders. Against the backdrop of this problem, the editors of this volume have designed a book with a dynamic two-fold purpose: to provide an evidence-based overview of screening methods for mood disorders, and to synthesize the evidence into a practical guide for clinicians in a variety of settings—from cardiologists and oncologists, to primary care physicians and neurologists, among others. The volume considers all important aspects of depression screening, from the overview of specific scales, to considerations of technological approaches to screening, and to the examination of screening with neurological disorders, prenatal care, cardiovascular conditions, and diabetes and cancer care, among others. This book is sure to capture the attention of any clinician with a stake in depression screening.

DSM-5® Handbook on the Cultural Formulation Interview

Author : Roberto Lewis-Fernández
Publisher : American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN 13 : 1615370242
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (153 download)

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Book Synopsis DSM-5® Handbook on the Cultural Formulation Interview by : Roberto Lewis-Fernández

Download or read book DSM-5® Handbook on the Cultural Formulation Interview written by Roberto Lewis-Fernández and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 2015-05-06 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DSM-5® Handbook of the Cultural Formulation Interview provides the background, context, and detailed guidance necessary to train clinicians in the use of the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI), which was created as part of the 2007-2013 DSM revision process. The purpose of the CFI -- and this unique handbook -- is to make it easier for providers to account for the influence of culture in their clinical work to enhance patient-clinician communication and improve outcomes. Cultural psychiatry as a field has evolved enormously from the days when it was principally concerned with epidemiological and clinical studies of disease prevalence; it now examines a multitude of issues, primary among them the differing patient, family, and practitioner models of illness and treatment experiences within and across cultures. The editors, all of whom have been intimately involved in the evolution of the field, have designed the book and accompanying videos for maximum instructional and clinical utility. The Handbook boasts many strengths and useful features, including: A detailed description of each of the three CFI components: a core 16-item questionnaire, which can be applied in any clinical setting with any patient by any mental health clinician; an informant version of the core CFI used to obtain information from caregivers; and 12 supplementary modules that expand on these basic assessments. This material facilitates implementation of the CFI by clinicians. Over a dozen clinical vignettes are included to illustrate use of the three components, and the Handbook also includes multiple videos that demonstrate the application of portions of the core CFI, and several supplementary modules. Strategies for incorporating the CFI into clinical training are identified and discussed, furthering the objective of developing culturally-sensitive and astute practitioners. The theoretical bases of the CFI are explored, raising questions for discussion and identifying areas for further research. The CFI is a valuable tool for all patients, not just those judged to be culturally different. The CFI has been called the single most practically useful contribution of cultural psychiatry and medical anthropology to clinical psychiatry, primary care, and medicine in general. DSM-5® Handbook on the Cultural Formulation Interview is the only book on the market that equips readers with the skills and insight to incorporate the CFI into practice, making it a critically important addition to the clinical literature.

WAIS-IV Clinical Use and Interpretation

Author : Lawrence G. Weiss
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080963218
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis WAIS-IV Clinical Use and Interpretation by : Lawrence G. Weiss

Download or read book WAIS-IV Clinical Use and Interpretation written by Lawrence G. Weiss and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published in August of 2008, WAIS–IV is the most widely used intelligence test for adults in the world. Substantive changes were made to the WAIS-IV from the WAIS-III leaving clinicians with questions as to how to use and interpret the measure effectively. Written by the creators of the new test, this book serves as the ultimate insider's guide to the new test, providing users with the kind of access to norms and data that would be unavailable to any subsequent book on clinical use of this measure. The book discusses the changes made between 3rd and 4th editions along with an FAQ and answers about use and interpretation. The reader is instructed how to interpret composite scores, and everything needed to use and interpret two entirely new composite scores: the General Ability Index (GAI), and the Cognitive Proficiency Index (CPI). This information does NOT appear in the manual accompanying the test. The second section of the book focuses on WAIS–IV use and interpretation with special clinical applications and populations, including with multicultural clients, in neuropsychological settings, with individuals experiencing psychological disorders, and with older adults. The editors and chapter authors have exclusive access to proprietary WAIS–IV data to run advanced analyses and provide information beyond what is offered in the WAIS-IV manual. - Provides practical advice on scoring and administration - Facilitates understanding WAIS-IV use with special populations - Describes use of the WAIS-IV with WMS-II

Principles and Practice of Clinical Trials

Author : Steven Piantadosi
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3319526367
Total Pages : 2573 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles and Practice of Clinical Trials by : Steven Piantadosi

Download or read book Principles and Practice of Clinical Trials written by Steven Piantadosi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-19 with total page 2573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive major reference work for our SpringerReference program covering clinical trials. Although the core of the Work will focus on the design, analysis, and interpretation of scientific data from clinical trials, a broad spectrum of clinical trial application areas will be covered in detail. This is an important time to develop such a Work, as drug safety and efficacy emphasizes the Clinical Trials process. Because of an immense and growing international disease burden, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies continue to develop new drugs. Clinical trials have also become extremely globalized in the past 15 years, with over 225,000 international trials ongoing at this point in time. Principles in Practice of Clinical Trials is truly an interdisciplinary that will be divided into the following areas: 1) Clinical Trials Basic Perspectives 2) Regulation and Oversight 3) Basic Trial Designs 4) Advanced Trial Designs 5) Analysis 6) Trial Publication 7) Topics Related Specific Populations and Legal Aspects of Clinical Trials The Work is designed to be comprised of 175 chapters and approximately 2500 pages. The Work will be oriented like many of our SpringerReference Handbooks, presenting detailed and comprehensive expository chapters on broad subjects. The Editors are major figures in the field of clinical trials, and both have written textbooks on the topic. There will also be a slate of 7-8 renowned associate editors that will edit individual sections of the Reference.

Evaluating Medical Tests

Author : Helena Chmura Kraemer
Publisher : SAGE Publications, Incorporated
ISBN 13 : 9780803946125
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (461 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluating Medical Tests by : Helena Chmura Kraemer

Download or read book Evaluating Medical Tests written by Helena Chmura Kraemer and published by SAGE Publications, Incorporated. This book was released on 1992-03-23 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Kraemer presents a systematic, objective methodology by which to determine the effectiveness of medical tests. She shows clearly and concisely how to define statistical terms and approaches consistently from study to study, how to stipulate statistical assumptions underlying various approaches, how to check for empirical validity and how to judge the robustness of statistical outcomes, resulting in models that integrate many different approaches and extend the strengths of each.

Mass Spectrometry for the Clinical Laboratory

Author : Hari Nair
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128009926
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Mass Spectrometry for the Clinical Laboratory by : Hari Nair

Download or read book Mass Spectrometry for the Clinical Laboratory written by Hari Nair and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-11-02 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mass Spectrometry for the Clinical Laboratory is an accessible guide to mass spectrometry and the development, validation, and implementation of the most common assays seen in clinical labs. It provides readers with practical examples for assay development, and experimental design for validation to meet CLIA requirements, appropriate interference testing, measuring, validation of ion suppression/matrix effects, and quality control. These tools offer guidance on what type of instrumentation is optimal for each assay, what options are available, and the pros and cons of each. Readers will find a full set of tools that are either directly related to the assay they want to adopt or for an analogous assay they could use as an example. Written by expert users of the most common assays found in a clinical laboratory (clinical chemists, toxicologists, and clinical pathologists practicing mass spectrometry), the book lays out how experts in the field have chosen their mass spectrometers, purchased, installed, validated, and brought them on line for routine testing. The early chapters of the book covers what the practitioners have learned from years of experience, the challenges they have faced, and their recommendations on how to build and validate assays to avoid problems. These chapters also include recommendations for maintaining continuity of quality in testing. The later parts of the book focuses on specific types of assays (therapeutic drugs, Vitamin D, hormones, etc.). Each chapter in this section has been written by an expert practitioner of an assay that is currently running in his or her clinical lab. Provides readers with the keys to choosing, installing, and validating a mass spectrometry platform Offers tools to evaluate, validate, and troubleshoot the most common assays seen in clinical pathology labs Explains validation, ion suppression, interference testing, and quality control design to the detail that is required for implementation in the lab

Tietz Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests - E-Book

Author : Alan H. B. Wu
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 1437719872
Total Pages : 1857 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (377 download)

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Book Synopsis Tietz Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests - E-Book by : Alan H. B. Wu

Download or read book Tietz Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests - E-Book written by Alan H. B. Wu and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2006-06-08 with total page 1857 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of Norbert Tietz's classic handbook presents information on common tests as well as rare and highly specialized tests and procedures - including a summary of the utility and merit of each test. Biological variables that may affect test results are discussed, and a focus is placed on reference ranges, diagnostic information, clinical interpretation of laboratory data, interferences, and specimen types. New and updated content has been added in all areas, with over 100 new tests added. - Tests are divided into 8 main sections and arranged alphabetically. - Each test includes necessary information such as test name (or disorder) and method, specimens and special requirements, reference ranges, chemical interferences and in vivo effects, kinetic values, diagnostic information, factors influencing drug disposition, and clinical comments and remarks. - The most current and relevant tests are included; outdated tests have been eliminated. - Test index (with extensive cross references) and disease index provide the reader with an easy way to find necessary information - Four new sections in key areas (Preanalytical, Flow Cytometry, Pharmacogenomics, and Allergy) make this edition current and useful. - New editor Alan Wu, who specializes in Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology, brings a wealth of experience and expertise to this edition. - The Molecular Diagnostics section has been greatly expanded due to the increased prevalence of new molecular techniques being used in laboratories. - References are now found after each test, rather than at the end of each section, for easier access.

Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests

Author : Jacques Burton Wallach
Publisher : Little, Brown Medical Division
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1116 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests by : Jacques Burton Wallach

Download or read book Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests written by Jacques Burton Wallach and published by Little, Brown Medical Division. This book was released on 1996 with total page 1116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes information on laboratory procedures used in the diagnosis and treatment of many adult and pediatric conditions.

Promoting Safe and Effective Genetic Testing in the United States

Author : Task Force on Genetic Testing (U.S.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Promoting Safe and Effective Genetic Testing in the United States by : Task Force on Genetic Testing (U.S.)

Download or read book Promoting Safe and Effective Genetic Testing in the United States written by Task Force on Genetic Testing (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1998-07-24 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In view of this uncertainty, the Working Group on Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of Human Genome Research at the National Institutes of Health and Department of Energy created the Task Force on Genetic Testing.

Cognitive Screening Instruments

Author : A. J. Larner
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319447750
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Screening Instruments by : A. J. Larner

Download or read book Cognitive Screening Instruments written by A. J. Larner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-30 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised and updated second edition provides a practical and structured overview of some of the most commonly used and easily available cognitive screening instruments applicable in the outpatient clinic and bedside setting. It now includes additional chapters on AD8 and also methodological aspects of systematic cognitive screening instrument assessment from the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group. Expert authors from around the world equip the reader with clear instructions on the usage of each screening instrument, its strengths and weaknesses, and the time required for administration. Rules on scoring are also provided, such as how to correct for variations in the patient’s age or education, and suggested cut-off scores. Cognitive Screening Instruments: A Practical Approach, Second Edition is aimed at both clinicians and professionals in disciplines allied to medicine who are called upon to assess patients with possible cognitive disorders, including neurologists, old age psychiatrists, neuropsychologists, primary care physicians, dementia support workers, and members of memory assessment teams.

Orthopedic Physical Examination Tests: Pearson New International Edition

Author : Chad Cook
Publisher : Pearson
ISBN 13 : 9781292027968
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (279 download)

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Book Synopsis Orthopedic Physical Examination Tests: Pearson New International Edition by : Chad Cook

Download or read book Orthopedic Physical Examination Tests: Pearson New International Edition written by Chad Cook and published by Pearson. This book was released on 2013-11-01 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For courses in orthopedics, physical therapy, athletic training, and physical examination, in programs for healthcare providers including physicians, nurses, athletic trainers, physician's assistants, physical therapists, and occupational therapists. This is the field's most comprehensive evidence-based guide to clinical tests for orthopedic physical examination. It presents complete explanations and photography visualizing all commonly used physical exam tests for all body regions, including both neurological screening tools and conventional tests. The quality of research supporting each test is assessed using the QUADAS quality instrument, which analyzes the extent to which bias may have influenced diagnostic values. Diagnostic values are reported wherever they exist, and summary Utility scores are provided for each test based on the authors' interpretation of the research and their use of the tests in clinical practice. This edition adds 200 new tests, presents valuable clusters of tests, and contains two entirely new chapters: one on visceral assessment and medical screening, and another on temporomandibular examination.

Overdiagnosed

Author : H. Gilbert Welch
Publisher : Beacon Press
ISBN 13 : 0807022012
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Overdiagnosed by : H. Gilbert Welch

Download or read book Overdiagnosed written by H. Gilbert Welch and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 2011-01-18 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exposé on Big Pharma and the American healthcare system’s zeal for excessive medical testing, from a nationally recognized expert More screening doesn’t lead to better health—but can turn healthy people into patients. Going against the conventional wisdom reinforced by the medical establishment and Big Pharma that more screening is the best preventative medicine, Dr. Gilbert Welch builds a compelling counterargument that what we need are fewer, not more, diagnoses. Documenting the excesses of American medical practice that labels far too many of us as sick, Welch examines the social, ethical, and economic ramifications of a health-care system that unnecessarily diagnoses and treats patients, most of whom will not benefit from treatment, might be harmed by it, and would arguably be better off without screening. Drawing on 25 years of medical practice and research on the effects of medical testing, Welch explains in a straightforward, jargon-free style how the cutoffs for treating a person with “abnormal” test results have been drastically lowered just when technological advances have allowed us to see more and more “abnormalities,” many of which will pose fewer health complications than the procedures that ostensibly cure them. Citing studies that show that 10% of 2,000 healthy people were found to have had silent strokes, and that well over half of men over age sixty have traces of prostate cancer but no impairment, Welch reveals overdiagnosis to be rampant for numerous conditions and diseases, including diabetes, high cholesterol, osteoporosis, gallstones, abdominal aortic aneuryisms, blood clots, as well as skin, prostate, breast, and lung cancers. With genetic and prenatal screening now common, patients are being diagnosed not with disease but with “pre-disease” or for being at “high risk” of developing disease. Revealing the economic and medical forces that contribute to overdiagnosis, Welch makes a reasoned call for change that would save us from countless unneeded surgeries, excessive worry, and exorbitant costs, all while maintaining a balanced view of both the potential benefits and harms of diagnosis. Drawing on data, clinical studies, and anecdotes from his own practice, Welch builds a solid, accessible case against the belief that more screening always improves health care.