A Degree Of Truth

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Vagueness and Degrees of Truth

Author : Nicholas J. J. Smith
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191552712
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Vagueness and Degrees of Truth by : Nicholas J. J. Smith

Download or read book Vagueness and Degrees of Truth written by Nicholas J. J. Smith and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2008-11-06 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Vagueness and Degrees of Truth, Nicholas Smith develops a new theory of vagueness: fuzzy plurivaluationism. A predicate is said to be vague if there is no sharply defined boundary between the things to which it applies and the things to which it does not apply. For example, 'heavy' is vague in a way that 'weighs over 20 kilograms' is not. A great many predicates - both in everyday talk, and in a wide array of theoretical vocabularies, from law to psychology to engineering - are vague. Smith argues, on the basis of a detailed account of the defining features of vagueness, that an accurate theory of vagueness must involve the idea that truth comes in degrees. The core idea of degrees of truth is that while some sentences are true and some are false, others possess intermediate truth values: they are truer than the false sentences, but not as true as the true ones. Degree-theoretic treatments of vagueness have been proposed in the past, but all have encountered significant objections. In light of these, Smith develops a new type of degree theory. Its innovations include a definition of logical consequence that allows the derivation of a classical consequence relation from the degree-theoretic semantics, a unified account of degrees of truth and subjective probabilities, and the incorporation of semantic indeterminacy - the view that vague statements need not have unique meanings - into the degree-theoretic framework. As well as being essential reading for those working on vagueness, Smith's book provides an excellent entry-point for newcomers to the era - both from elsewhere in philosophy, and from computer science, logic and engineering. It contains a thorough introduction to existing theories of vagueness and to the requisite logical background.

Logic

Author : Martin Heidegger
Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 0253004454
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis Logic by : Martin Heidegger

Download or read book Logic written by Martin Heidegger and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2010-03-22 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heidegger’s radical thinking on the meaning of truth in a “clear and comprehensive critical edition” (Philosophy in Review). Martin Heidegger’s 1925–26 lectures on truth and time provided much of the basis for his momentous work, Being and Time. Not published until 1976—three months before Heidegger’s death—as volume 21 of his Complete Works, it is nonetheless central to Heidegger’s overall project of reinterpreting Western thought in terms of time and truth. The text shows the degree to which Aristotle underlies Heidegger’s hermeneutical theory of meaning. It also contains Heidegger’s first published critique of Husserl and takes major steps toward establishing the temporal bases of logic and truth. Thomas Sheehan’s elegant and insightful translation offers English-speaking readers access to this fundamental text for the first time.

Truth from Trash

Author : Chris Thornton
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262700870
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Truth from Trash by : Chris Thornton

Download or read book Truth from Trash written by Chris Thornton and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chris Thornton makes the compelling claim that learning is not a passive discovery operation but an active process involving creativity on the part of the learner. This study of learning in autonomous agents offers a bracing intellectual adventure. Chris Thornton makes the compelling claim that learning is not a passive discovery operation but an active process involving creativity on the part of the learner. Although theorists of machine learning tell us that all learning methods contribute some form of bias and thus involve a degree of creativity, Thornton carries the idea much further. He describes an incremental process, recursive relational learning, in which the results of one learning step serve as the basis for the next. Very high-level recodings are then substantially the creative artifacts of the learner's own processing. Lower-level recodings are more "objective" in that their properties are more severely constrained by the source data. Thornton sees consciousness as a process at the outer fringe of relational learning, just prior to the onset of creativity. According to this view, we cannot assume consciousness to be an exclusively human phenomenon, but rather the expected feature of any cognitive mechanism able to engage in extended flights of relational learning. Thornton presents key background material in an entertaining manner, using extensive mental imagery and a minimum of mathematics. Anecdotes and dialogue add to the text's informality.

Principles of Imprecise-Information Processing

Author : Shiyou Lian
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819764254
Total Pages : 646 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles of Imprecise-Information Processing by : Shiyou Lian

Download or read book Principles of Imprecise-Information Processing written by Shiyou Lian and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

True to the Life. [A novel.]

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis True to the Life. [A novel.] by :

Download or read book True to the Life. [A novel.] written by and published by . This book was released on 1868 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

An Introduction to Many-Valued and Fuzzy Logic

Author : Merrie Bergmann
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139468782
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to Many-Valued and Fuzzy Logic by : Merrie Bergmann

Download or read book An Introduction to Many-Valued and Fuzzy Logic written by Merrie Bergmann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-01-14 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Professor Merrie Bergmann presents an accessible introduction to the subject of many-valued and fuzzy logic designed for use on undergraduate and graduate courses in non-classical logic. Bergmann discusses the philosophical issues that give rise to fuzzy logic - problems arising from vague language - and returns to those issues as logical systems are presented. For historical and pedagogical reasons, three-valued logical systems are presented as useful intermediate systems for studying the principles and theory behind fuzzy logic. The major fuzzy logical systems - Lukasiewicz, Gödel, and product logics - are then presented as generalisations of three-valued systems that successfully address the problems of vagueness. A clear presentation of technical concepts, this book includes exercises throughout the text that pose straightforward problems, that ask students to continue proofs begun in the text, and that engage students in the comparison of logical systems.

True Truth

Author : Art Lindsley
Publisher : InterVarsity Press
ISBN 13 : 9780830832354
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (323 download)

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Book Synopsis True Truth by : Art Lindsley

Download or read book True Truth written by Art Lindsley and published by InterVarsity Press. This book was released on 2004-04-08 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Art Lindsley ably demonstrates that faith in Christ is necessarily opposed to and incompatible with the abuses of oppression, arrogance, intolerance, self-righteousness, closed-mindedness and defensiveness. Surprisingly, he shows that it is relativism which often harbors dangerous, inflexible absolutisms.

The Error of Truth

Author : Steven J. Osterlind
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019256739X
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis The Error of Truth by : Steven J. Osterlind

Download or read book The Error of Truth written by Steven J. Osterlind and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-24 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative thinking is our inclination to view natural and everyday phenomena through a lens of measurable events, with forecasts, odds, predictions, and likelihood playing a dominant part. The Error of Truth recounts the astonishing and unexpected tale of how quantitative thinking came to be, and its rise to primacy in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Additionally, it considers how seeing the world through a quantitative lens has shaped our perception of the world we live in, and explores the lives of the individuals behind its early establishment. This worldview was unlike anything humankind had before, and it came about because of a momentous human achievement: we had learned how to measure uncertainty. Probability as a science was conceptualised. As a result of probability theory, we now had correlations, reliable predictions, regressions, the bellshaped curve for studying social phenomena, and the psychometrics of educational testing. Significantly, these developments happened during a relatively short period in world history— roughly, the 130-year period from 1790 to 1920, from about the close of the Napoleonic era, through the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolutions, to the end of World War I. At which time, transportation had advanced rapidly, due to the invention of the steam engine, and literacy rates had increased exponentially. This brief period in time was ready for fresh intellectual activity, and it gave a kind of impetus for the probability inventions. Quantification is now everywhere in our daily lives, such as in the ubiquitous microchip in smartphones, cars, and appliances; in the Bayesian logic of artificial intelligence, as well as applications in business, engineering, medicine, economics, and elsewhere. Probability is the foundation of quantitative thinking. The Error of Truth tells its story— when, why, and how it happened.

The Tenets of Truth

Author : Quillem McBreen
Publisher : Heroic Books
ISBN 13 : 1914342097
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (143 download)

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Book Synopsis The Tenets of Truth by : Quillem McBreen

Download or read book The Tenets of Truth written by Quillem McBreen and published by Heroic Books. This book was released on 2021-10-26 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Church of the Righteous Truth stretches ever outward across Alytheia. Jealous defenders of the Goddess’s magic, the Church sees all, controls all: trade, military, the ancient arts of Wielding and Cognation—even life and death. Now, as the Church’s Premiero Irmao prepares to seize yet more power, the Goddess’s light fades darker still... But there is hope. Four forgotten outcasts—Al-Dreban, a young and disillusioned priest; Solatta, a healer haunted by her tragic past; Sentenza, an old colonel left for dead; and Braga, last survivor of his platoon—unknowingly hold the fate of Alytheia in their hands. As each stumbles deeper into a web of conspiracy and betrayal, their destinies will entwine, leading them inexorably toward revolution, sacrifice, and—perhaps—redemption.

The Truth is

Author : NoNieqa Ramos
Publisher : Carolrhoda Lab& 8482
ISBN 13 : 1541528778
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis The Truth is by : NoNieqa Ramos

Download or read book The Truth is written by NoNieqa Ramos and published by Carolrhoda Lab& 8482. This book was released on 2019 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Closed off and grieving her best friend, fifteen-year-old overachiever Verdad faces prejudices at school and from her traditional mother, her father's distance since his remarriage, and her attraction to a transgender classmate.

Aristotle on Truth

Author : Paolo Crivelli
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139455664
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Aristotle on Truth by : Paolo Crivelli

Download or read book Aristotle on Truth written by Paolo Crivelli and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-09-30 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aristotle's theory of truth, which has been the most influential account of the concept of truth from Antiquity onwards, spans several areas of philosophy: philosophy of language, logic, ontology and epistemology. In this 2004 book, Paolo Crivelli discusses all the main aspects of Aristotle's views on truth and falsehood. He analyses in detail the main relevant passages, addresses some well-known problems of Aristotelian semantics, and assesses Aristotle's theory from the point of view of modern analytic philosophy. In the process he discusses most of the literature on Aristotle's semantic theory to have appeared in the last two centuries. His book vindicates and clarifies the often repeated claim that Aristotle's is a correspondence theory of truth. It will be of interest to a wide range of readers working in both ancient philosophy and modern philosophy of language.

Logic

Author : Nicholas J.J. Smith
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691151636
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Logic by : Nicholas J.J. Smith

Download or read book Logic written by Nicholas J.J. Smith and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-04 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an essential introduction to classical logic.

Paradoxes

Author : R. M. Sainsbury
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521483476
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (834 download)

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Book Synopsis Paradoxes by : R. M. Sainsbury

Download or read book Paradoxes written by R. M. Sainsbury and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-05-11 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised and expanded edition provides a valuable and accessible introduction to paradoxes.

The Book of Truth

Author : Paul Selig
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0399175717
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (991 download)

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Book Synopsis The Book of Truth by : Paul Selig

Download or read book The Book of Truth written by Paul Selig and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2017-06-06 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As recently seen on ABC's Nightline, channeler Paul Selig presents the second work in his acclaimed Mastery Trilogy. The Book of Truth casts your relationships--and what they reveal about you--in a dramatic and radical new light. The channeled literature of Paul Selig--who receives clairaudient dictation from unseen intellects called the Guides--has quickly become the most important and celebrated expression of channeling since A Course In Miracles rose to prominence in the 1970s. Selig's previous trilogy of channeled wisdom--I Am the Word, The Book of Love and Creation, and The Book of Knowing and Worth--won a large following around the world for its depth, intimacy, and psychological insight. The first book of his new Mastery Trilogy, The Book of Mastery, likewise attained popularity and praise. Now, Selig continues the "Teachings of Mastery" with the widely anticipated second volume in his new series: The Book of Truth.

On Truth

Author : Harry Frankfurt
Publisher : Knopf
ISBN 13 : 0307265951
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (72 download)

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Book Synopsis On Truth by : Harry Frankfurt

Download or read book On Truth written by Harry Frankfurt and published by Knopf. This book was released on 2006-10-31 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Having outlined a theory of bullshit and falsehood, Harry G. Frankfurt turns to what lies beyond them: the truth, a concept not as obvious as some might expect.Our culture's devotion to bullshit may seem much stronger than our apparently halfhearted attachment to truth. Some people (professional thinkers) won't even acknowledge "true" and "false" as meaningful categories, and even those who claim to love truth cause the rest of us to wonder whether they, too, aren't simply full of it. Practically speaking, many of us deploy the truth only when absolutely necessary, often finding alternatives to be more saleable, and yet somehow civilization seems to be muddling along. But where are we headed? Is our fast and easy way with the facts actually crippling us? Or is it "all good"? Really, what's the use of truth, anyway?With the same leavening wit and commonsense wisdom that animates his pathbreaking work On Bullshit, Frankfurt encourages us to take another look at the truth: there may be something there that is perhaps too plain to notice but for which we have a mostly unacknowledged yet deep-seated passion. His book will have sentient beings across America asking, "The truth—why didn't I think of that?"

Time, Quantum and Information

Author : Lutz Castell
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662105578
Total Pages : 437 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (621 download)

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Book Synopsis Time, Quantum and Information by : Lutz Castell

Download or read book Time, Quantum and Information written by Lutz Castell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The articles treat subjects such as the social responsibility of scientists, thermonuclear processes in stars and stellar neutrinos, turbulence and the emergence of planetary systems. Considerable attention is paid to the unity of nature, the nature of time, and to information about, and interpretation of, the structure of quantum theory, all important philosophical problems of our times. The last section describes von Weizsäcker's ur-hypothesis and how it will theoretically permit the construction of particles and interactions from quantized bits of information.

Against Coherence

Author : Erik J. Olsson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199279993
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Against Coherence by : Erik J. Olsson

Download or read book Against Coherence written by Erik J. Olsson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-04-21 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is tempting to think that, if a person's beliefs are coherent, they are also likely to be true. Indeed, this truth-conduciveness claim is the cornerstone of the popular coherence theory of knowledge and justification. Hitherto much confusion has been caused by the inability of coherence theorists to define their central concept. Nor have they succeeded in specifying in unambiguous terms what the notion of truth-conduciveness involves. This book is the most extensive and detailedstudy of coherence and probable truth to date.Erik Olsson argues that the value of coherence has been generally overestimated; it is severely problematic to maintain that coherence has a role to play in the process whereby beliefs are acquired or justified. He proposes that the opposite of coherence, i.e. incoherence, can still be the driving force in the process whereby beliefs are retracted, so that the role of coherence in our enquiries is negative rather than positive. Another innovative feature of Olsson's book is its unified,interdisciplinary approach to the issues at hand. The arguments are equally valid for coherence among any items of information, regardless of their sources (beliefs, memories, testimonies, and so on). Writing in accessible, non-technical language, Olsson takes the reader through much of the history of thesubject, from early theorists like A. C. Ewing and C. I. Lewis to contemporary figures like Laurence BonJour and C. A. J. Coady. Against Coherence will make stimulating reading for epistemologists and anyone with a serious interest in truth.