A Cultural History of Civil Examinations in Late Imperial China

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Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 9780520921474
Total Pages : 900 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis A Cultural History of Civil Examinations in Late Imperial China by : Benjamin A. Elman

Download or read book A Cultural History of Civil Examinations in Late Imperial China written by Benjamin A. Elman and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2000-03-22 with total page 900 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this multidimensional analysis, Benjamin A. Elman uses over a thousand newly available examination records from the Yuan, Ming, and Ch'ing dynasties, 1315-1904, to explore the social, political, and cultural dimensions of the civil examination system, one of the most important institutions in Chinese history. For over five hundred years, the most important positions within the dynastic government were usually filled through these difficult examinations, and every other year some one to two million people from all levels of society attempted them. Covering the late imperial system from its inception to its demise, Elman revises our previous understanding of how the system actually worked, including its political and cultural machinery, the unforeseen consequences when it was unceremoniously scrapped by modernist reformers, and its long-term historical legacy. He argues that the Ming-Ch'ing civil examinations from 1370 to 1904 represented a substantial break with T'ang-Sung dynasty literary examinations from 650 to 1250. Late imperial examinations also made "Tao Learning," Neo-Confucian learning, the dynastic orthodoxy in official life and in literati culture. The intersections between elite social life, popular culture, and religion that are also considered reveal the full scope of the examination process throughout the late empire.

Civil Examinations and Meritocracy in Late Imperial China

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Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674726936
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (747 download)

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Book Synopsis Civil Examinations and Meritocracy in Late Imperial China by : Benjamin A. Elman

Download or read book Civil Examinations and Meritocracy in Late Imperial China written by Benjamin A. Elman and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2013-11-01 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During China's late imperial period (roughly 1400-1900 CE), men would gather by the millions every two or three years outside official examination compounds sprinkled across China. Only one percent of candidates would complete the academic regimen that would earn them a post in the administrative bureaucracy. Civil Examinations assesses the role of education, examination, and China's civil service in fostering the world's first professional class based on demonstrated knowledge and skill. While millions of men dreamed of the worldly advancement an imperial education promised, many more wondered what went on inside the prestigious walled-off examination compounds. As Benjamin A. Elman reveals, what occurred was the weaving of a complex social web. Civil examinations had been instituted in China as early as the seventh century CE, but in the Ming and Qing eras they were the nexus linking the intellectual, political, and economic life of imperial China. Local elites and members of the court sought to influence how the government regulated the classical curriculum and selected civil officials. As a guarantor of educational merit, civil examinations served to tie the dynasty to the privileged gentry and literati classes--both ideologically and institutionally. China did away with its classical examination system in 1905. But this carefully balanced and constantly contested piece of social engineering, worked out over the course of centuries, was an early harbinger of the meritocratic regime of college boards and other entrance exams that undergirds higher education in much of the world today.

China's Examination Hell

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Author :
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780300026399
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (263 download)

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Book Synopsis China's Examination Hell by : Ichisada Miyazaki

Download or read book China's Examination Hell written by Ichisada Miyazaki and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1981-01-01 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by one of the foremost historians of Chinese institutions, this book focuses on China's civil service examination system in its final and most elaborate phase during the Ch'ing dynasty. All aspects of this labyrinthine system are explored: the types of questions, the style and form in which they were to be answered, the problem of cheating, and the psychological and financial burdens of the candidates, the rewards of the successful and the plight of those who failed. Drawing on a wide range of sources, including Chinese novels, short stories, and plays, this thought provoking and entertaining book brings to vivid life the testing structure that supplied China's government bureaucracy for almost fourteen hundred years. "Professor Miyazaki's informative work is concerned with a system. . . that was, in effect, . . . the basic institution of Chinese political life, the real pillar which supported the imperial monarchy, the effective vehicle for the aspirations and ambitions of the ruling class. Imperial China without the examination system for the past thousand years and more would have developed in an entirely different way and might not have endured as the continuing form of government over a huge empire."--Pacific Affairs "The most comprehensive narrative treatment in any language of [this] enduring achievement of Chinese civilization."--American Historical Review

A Cultural History of Modern Science in China

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Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674030428
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis A Cultural History of Modern Science in China by : Benjamin A. Elman

Download or read book A Cultural History of Modern Science in China written by Benjamin A. Elman and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historians of science and Sinologists have long needed a unified narrative to describe the Chinese development of modern science, medicine, and technology since 1600. They welcomed the appearance in 2005 of Benjamin Elman's masterwork, On Their Own Terms. Now Elman has retold the story of the Jesuit impact on late imperial China, circa 1600-1800, and the Protestant era in early modern China from the 1840s to 1900 in a concise and accessible form ideal for the classroom. This coherent account of the emergence of modern science in China places that emergence in historical context for both general students of modern science and specialists of China.

Education and Society in Late Imperial China, 1600-1900

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Author :
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520913639
Total Pages : 593 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis Education and Society in Late Imperial China, 1600-1900 by : Benjamin A. Elman

Download or read book Education and Society in Late Imperial China, 1600-1900 written by Benjamin A. Elman and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-11-15 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume integrates the history of late imperial China with the history of education over three centuries, revealing the significance of education in Chinese social, political, and intellectual life. A collaboration between social and intellectual historians, these fifteen essays provide the most wide-ranging study in English on China's education in the centuries before the modern revolution.

Under Confucian Eyes

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780520222748
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis Under Confucian Eyes by : Susan Mann

Download or read book Under Confucian Eyes written by Susan Mann and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This important volume adds a significant number of new and unique materials for teachers at all levels of higher education to use in classroom and seminar discussion about the issues of gender, society, and religion in imperial China."--Benjamin Elman, author of A Cultural History of Civil Examinations in Late Imperial China "The eighteen primary documents in this anthology, all of them translated for the first time, provide a rich array of sources on the lives of women in China's past. The anthology is important not only for the selection of documents but for the ways it suggests we can think about, and find sources about, women in China. It is must reading for scholars and students alike."--Ann Waltner, author of The World of a Late Ming Visionary: T'an-Yang-Tzu and Her Followers

On Their Own Terms

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Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674036476
Total Pages : 606 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis On Their Own Terms by : Benjamin A. Elman

Download or read book On Their Own Terms written by Benjamin A. Elman and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In On Their Own Terms, Benjamin A. Elman offers a much-needed synthesis of early Chinese science during the Jesuit period (1600-1800) and the modern sciences as they evolved in China under Protestant influence (1840s-1900). By 1600 Europe was ahead of Asia in producing basic machines, such as clocks, levers, and pulleys, that would be necessary for the mechanization of agriculture and industry. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Elman shows, Europeans still sought from the Chinese their secrets of producing silk, fine textiles, and porcelain, as well as large-scale tea cultivation. Chinese literati borrowed in turn new algebraic notations of Hindu-Arabic origin, Tychonic cosmology, Euclidian geometry, and various computational advances. Since the middle of the nineteenth century, imperial reformers, early Republicans, Guomindang party cadres, and Chinese Communists have all prioritized science and technology. In this book, Elman gives a nuanced account of the ways in which native Chinese science evolved over four centuries, under the influence of both Jesuit and Protestant missionaries. In the end, he argues, the Chinese produced modern science on their own terms.

Civil Examinations and Meritocracy in Late Imperial China

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Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674726049
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (747 download)

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Book Synopsis Civil Examinations and Meritocracy in Late Imperial China by : Benjamin A. Elman

Download or read book Civil Examinations and Meritocracy in Late Imperial China written by Benjamin A. Elman and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2013-11-01 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During China's late imperial period (roughly 1400-1900 CE), men gathered by the millions every two or three years outside official examination compounds sprinkled across China. Only one percent of candidates would complete the academic regimen that would earn them a post in the administrative bureaucracy. Civil Examinations assesses the role of education, examination, and China's civil service in fostering the world's first professional class based on demonstrated knowledge and skill. Civil examinations were instituted in China in the seventh century CE, but in the Ming and Qing eras they were at the center of a complex social web that held together the intellectual, political, and economic life of imperial China. Local elites and the court sought to influence how the government regulated the classical curriculum and selected civil officials. As a guarantor of educational merit, examinations tied the dynasty to the privileged gentry and literati classes--both ideologically and institutionally. China eliminated its classical examination system in 1905. But this carefully balanced, constantly contested piece of social engineering, worked out over centuries, was an early harbinger of the meritocratic regime of college boards and other entrance exams that undergirds higher education in much of the world today.

The Rise of Confucian Ritualism in Late Imperial China

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Author :
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804765782
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rise of Confucian Ritualism in Late Imperial China by : Kai-wing Chow

Download or read book The Rise of Confucian Ritualism in Late Imperial China written by Kai-wing Chow and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 1996-12-01 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This pathbreaking work argues that the major intellectual trend in China from the seventeenth through the early nineteenth century was Confucian ritualism, as expressed in ethics, classical learning, and discourse on lineage. Reviews "Chow has produced a work of superb scholarship, fluently written and beautifully researched. . . . One of the landmarks of the current reconstruction of the social philosophy of the Qing dynasty. . . . Chow's book is indispensable. It has illuminating analyses of many mainstream writers, institutions, and social categories in eighteenth-century China which have never previously been examined." —Canadian Journal of History "Chow's monograph moves ritual to center stage in late imperial social and intellectual history, and the author makes a powerful case for doing so. . . . Because the author understands the intellectual history of late Ming and Qing as the history of a movement, or successive movements, of fundamental social reform, he has also made an important contribution to social and political history as these were related to intellectual history." —Journal of Chinese Religion "Chow's book is an excellent contribution to recent scholarship on the intellectual history of the Confucian tradition and provides a balance for other studies that have emphasized ideas to the exclusion of symbols." —The Historian

Powerful Arguments

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Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004423621
Total Pages : 633 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Powerful Arguments by :

Download or read book Powerful Arguments written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-03-02 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in Powerful Arguments reconstruct the standards of validity underlying argumentative practices in a wide array of late imperial Chinese discourses, ranging from historiography, philosophy, law and religion to natural studies, literature, and the civil examination system.

A Social History of the Chinese Book

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Publisher : Hong Kong University Press
ISBN 13 : 9622097812
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis A Social History of the Chinese Book by : Joseph P. McDermott

Download or read book A Social History of the Chinese Book written by Joseph P. McDermott and published by Hong Kong University Press. This book was released on 2006-04-01 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this learned, yet readable, book, Joseph McDermott introduces the history of the book in China in the late imperial period from 1000 to 1800. He assumes little knowledge of Chinese history or culture and compares the Chinese experience with books with that of other civilizations, particularly the European. Yet he deals with a wide range of issues in the history of the book in China and presents novel analyses of the changes in Chinese woodblock bookmaking over these centuries. He presents a new view of when the printed book replaced the manuscript and what drove that substitution. He explores the distribution and marketing structure of books, and writes fascinatingly on the history of book collecting and about access to private and government book collections. In drawing on a great deal of Chinese, Japanese, and Western research this book provides a broad account of the way Chinese books were printed, distributed, and consumed by literati and scholars, mainly in the lower Yangzi delta, the cultural center of China during these centuries. It introduces interesting personalities, ranging from wily book collectors to an indigent shoe-repairman collector. And, it discusses the obstacles to the formation of a truly national printed culture for both the well-educated and the struggling reader in recent times. This broad and comprehensive account of the development of printed Chinese culture from 1000 to 1800 is written for anyone interested in the history of the book. It also offers important new insights into book culture and its place in society for the student of Chinese history and culture. 'A brilliant piece of synthetic research as well as a delightful read, it offers a history of the Chinese book to the eighteenth century that is without equal.' - Timothy Brook, University of British Columbia 'Writers, scribes, engravers, printers, binders, publishers, distributors, dealers, literati, scholars, librarians, collectors, voracious readers — the full gamut of a vibrant book culture in China over one thousand years — are examined with eloquence and perception by Joseph McDermott in The Social History of the Book. His lively exploration will be of consuming interest to bibliophiles of every persuasion.' - Nicholas A. Basbanes, author of A Gentle Madness, Patience and Fortitude, A Splendor of Letters, and Every Book Its Reader Joseph McDermott is presently Fellow of St John’s College, Cambridge, and University Lecturer in Chinese at Cambridge University. He has published widely on Chinese social and economic history, most recently on the economy of the Song (or, Sung) dynasty for the Cambridge History of China. He has edited State and Court Ritual in China and Art and Power in East Asia.

Early Modern Privacy

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Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004153071
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis Early Modern Privacy by : Michaël Green

Download or read book Early Modern Privacy written by Michaël Green and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-12-13 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of instances, experiences, and spaces of early modern privacy. It opens new avenues to understanding the structures and dynamics that shape early modern societies through examination of a wide array of sources, discourses, practices, and spatial programmes.

Shifts of Power

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Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 900435056X
Total Pages : 471 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Shifts of Power by : Zhitian Luo

Download or read book Shifts of Power written by Zhitian Luo and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2017-10-17 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Shifts of Power: Modern Chinese Thought and Society, Luo Zhitian explores the causes and consequences of various shifts of power during the transition from imperial to Republican China (1890-1949).

Competition over Content

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Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 1684174589
Total Pages : 526 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (841 download)

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Book Synopsis Competition over Content by : Hilde De Weerdt

Download or read book Competition over Content written by Hilde De Weerdt and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-03-23 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Between the sixth and twentieth centuries, the civil service examinations created and maintained political coherence across the Chinese polity. Preparation for the examinations transformed the lives of literate elites by defining educational standards and disseminating a language that determined elite status. However, as participation in the examinations became central to that status, an intense competition to determine the educational curriculum and the subject matter of the examinations erupted between intellectual and political rivals. The principal goal of this book is to explain the restructuring of the examination field during a critical point in its history, the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279), which witnessed the increasing domination of the examinations by the Neo-Confucian Learning of the Way movement.By analyzing textbooks, examination questions and essays, and official and private commentary, Hilde De Weerdt examines how occupational, political, and intellectual groups shaped curricular standards and examination criteria and how examination standards in turn shaped political and intellectual agendas. These questions reframe the debate about the civil service examinations and their place in the imperial order."

Shaping the Ideal Child

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Publisher : Chinese University of Hong Kong Press
ISBN 13 : 9789629961145
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (611 download)

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Book Synopsis Shaping the Ideal Child by : Limin Bai

Download or read book Shaping the Ideal Child written by Limin Bai and published by Chinese University of Hong Kong Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines traditional Chinese literacy primers in the context of intellectual involvement in elementary education. It analyses the contents of the primers, their underlying philosophical premises, and what they reveal about elite attitudes towards children and childhood. The study points to a close link between elite conceptions of children and Confucian attempts to construct an ideal society. Providing a new perspective on pre-modern Chinese society and culture that is relevant to our understanding of education in contemporary China.

Literati Identity and Its Fictional Representations in Late Imperial China

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Author :
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780804731317
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (313 download)

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Book Synopsis Literati Identity and Its Fictional Representations in Late Imperial China by : Stephen Roddy

Download or read book Literati Identity and Its Fictional Representations in Late Imperial China written by Stephen Roddy and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examining three works of vernacular fiction dating from 1750 to 1828, this book studies the intellectual and literary factors that in the mid-Qing dynasty contributed to the development of vernacular fiction of unprecedented scholarly and satirical sophistication.

Cultural Foundations of Chinese Education

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Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004263160
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Cultural Foundations of Chinese Education by : Mingyuan Gu

Download or read book Cultural Foundations of Chinese Education written by Mingyuan Gu and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2014-04-09 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cultural Foundations of Chinese Education describes the evolution of Chinese education for more than 5,000 years, and analyzes in depth its interaction with Chinese culture. From the Imperial Civil Examinations to the Western Learning; from the transplant of Western systems of education to the New Democratic Education Movement; from the copying of the Soviet experience in education to the explorations for approaches to establish new education in China since the Economic Reforms in the late 1970s, this book provides unique analyses on conflicting elements in Chinese education, and leads to the understanding of the issues in modernizing education in China. With condensed and concentrated analyses on the process of historical evolution and the interactions between Chinese education and Chinese cultural traditions, this book can be used as a major reference for international readers to understand education in China from the perspective of cultural evolution.