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Author : Xuelian Xu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book X-ray and Neutron Diffraction Studies of Organic Molecular Crystals written by Xuelian Xu and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alistair J. Florence
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book Single Crystal Neutron Diffraction Studies of Organic Molecular Crystals written by Alistair J. Florence and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : G. E. Bacon
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483158292
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)
Download or read book X-Ray and Neutron Diffraction written by G. E. Bacon and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-Ray and Neutron Diffraction describes the developments of the X-ray and the various research done in neutron diffraction. Part I of the book concerns the principles and applications of the X-ray and neutrons through their origins from classical crystallography. The book explains the use of diffraction methods to show the highly regular arrangement of atoms that forms a continuous pattern in three-dimensional space. The text evaluates the limitations and benefits of using the different types of radiation sources, whether these are X-rays, neutrons, or electrons. Part II is a collection of reprints discussing the development of techniques that includes a modification of the Bragg method, which is a method of X-ray crystal analysis. One paper presents an improved numerical method of two-dimensional Fourier synthesis for crystals. This method uses a greatly reduced process of arrangement of sets of figures found in the two-dimensional Fourier series. The book also notes the theoretical considerations and the practical details, and then addresses precautions against possible inclusions of errors in this method. The text deals as well with the magnetic scattering of neutrons, and one paper presents a simple method of gathering information about the magnetic moment of the neutron besides the traditional Stern-Gerlach method. Nuclear scientists and physicists, atomic researchers, and nuclear engineers will greatly appreciate the book.
Author : Mikhail A. Krivoglaz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642742912
Total Pages : 483 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)
Download or read book X-Ray and Neutron Diffraction in Nonideal Crystals written by Mikhail A. Krivoglaz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mikhail Alexandrovich Krivoglaz died unexpectedly when he was preparing the English edition of his two-volume monograph on diffraction and diffuse scatter ing of X-rays and neutrons in imperfect crystals. His death was a heavy blow to all who knew him, who had worked with him and to the world science community as a whole. The application of the diffraction techniques for the study of imperfections of crystal structures was the major field of Krivoglaz' work throughout his career in science. He started working in the field in the mid-fifties and since then made fundamental contributions to the theory of real crystals. His results have largely determined the current level of knowledge in this field for more than thirty years. Until the very last days of his life, Krivoglaz continued active studies in the physics of diffraction effects in real crystals. His interest in the theory aided in the explanation of the rapidly advancing experimental studies. The milestones marking important stages of his work were the first mono graph on the theory of X-ray and neutron scattering in real crystals which was published in Russian in 1967 (a revised English edition in 1969), and the two volume monograph published in Russian in 1983-84 (this edition is the revised translation of the latter).
Author : Chick C. Wilson
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9789810237769
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (377 download)
Download or read book Single Crystal Neutron Diffraction from Molecular Materials written by Chick C. Wilson and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2000 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book presents a comprehensive account of the techniques & applications of single crystal neutron diffraction in the area of chemical crystallography & molecular structure. Beginning with a brief description of the general principles & the reasons for choosing the technique - the "why" - the book covers the methods for both the production of neutrons & the measurement of their scattering by molecular crystals - the "how" - followed by a detailed survey of past, present & future applications - the "what". The coverage of both steady state & pulsed neutron sources & instrumentation is extensive, while the survey of applications is the most comprehensive yet undertaken. The book endeavours to show why the technique is an essential method for studying areas as diverse as hydrogen bonding & weak interactions, organometallics, supramolecular chemistry & crystal engineering, metal hydrides, charge density & pharmaceuticals. It is an ideal reference source for the research worker interested in using neutron diffraction to study the structure of molecules. Contents: Crystallography & the Importance of Structural Information; Neutron Scattering; Neutron Diffractometers; Review of Applications I: The Accurate Location of Atoms; Review of Applications II: Hydrogen Bonding & Other Intermolecular Interactions; Review of Applications III: Probing Vibrations & Disorder; Impact on Material Properties & Design; The Future: New Instruments, New Sources, New Techniques. Readership: Students & researchers involved in structural science, especially chemical crystallography.
Author : Sow-Hsin Chen
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 1483217450
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)
Download or read book Spectroscopy in Biology and Chemistry written by Sow-Hsin Chen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spectroscopy in Biology and Chemistry discusses the use of thermal neutron diffraction and inelastic scattering, and the related techniques of x-ray diffraction, Raman and Rayleigh scattering, in investigating biological macromolecules and chemical systems. The book describes neutron, x-ray and laser spectroscopy; quasielastic scattering in neutron and laser spectroscopy; and interatomic forces, molecular structure and molecular vibrations. The text also discusses the x-ray crystallography of biological molecules; neutron diffraction studies of hydrogen bonding in organic and biochemical systems; and comparative x-ray and neutron diffraction from nerve myelin membranes. Neutron spectroscopy of chain polymers; chemical and biological applications of neutron inelastic scattering; and neutron scattering and optical studies of molecular vibrations are also considered. The book further tackles small angle neutron scattering from polymers; the use of tunable laser resonance Raman spectroscopy in biology; and the use photon correlation spectroscopy in biology. Students and faculty members in physics, chemistry, and biology, and research workers in related fields will find the text invaluable.
Author : Jack D. Dunitz
Publisher : Wiley-VCH
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book X-ray Analysis and the Structure of Organic Molecules written by Jack D. Dunitz and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 1995 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the second corrected reprint of â2X-Ray Analysisâ2, published in 1979 and consists of two parts. Part one is about Crystal Structure Analysis, part two deals with Molecular Structure. All the information in this volume is of considerable value especially to those engaged in, or about to embark upon, X-ray crystal structure analysis.
Author : Maria Arménia Carrondo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400940270
Total Pages : 612 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Chemical Crystallography with Pulsed Neutrons and Synchroton X-Rays written by Maria Arménia Carrondo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray and neutron crystallography have played an increasingly impor tant role in the chemical and biochemical sciences over the past fifty years. The principal obstacles in this methodology, the phase problem and com puting, have been overcome. The former by the methods developed in the 1960's and just recognised by the 1985 Chemistry Nobel Prize award to Karle and Hauptman, the latter by the dramatic advances that have taken place in computer technology in the past twenty years. Within the last decade, two new radiation sources have been added to the crystallographer's tools. One is synchrotron X-rays and the other is spallation neutrons. Both have much more powerful fluxes than the pre vious sources and they are pulsed rather than continuos. New techniques are necessary to fully exploit the intense continuos radiation spectrum and its pulsed property. Both radiations are only available from particular National Laboratories on a guest-user basis for scientists outside these Na tional Laboratories. Hitherto, the major emphasis on the use of these facilities has been in solid-state physics, and the material, engineering and biological sciences. We believe that there is equivalent potential to applications which are pri marily chemical or biochemical.
Author : Jack Andrew Ziffer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (183 download)
Download or read book Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction Studies of Organic Molecules written by Jack Andrew Ziffer and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Bo Nilsson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book X-ray Diffraction Studies of Complex Organic Molecules written by Bo Nilsson and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : P.P. Ewald
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146159961X
Total Pages : 735 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)
Download or read book Fifty Years of X-Ray Diffraction written by P.P. Ewald and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 735 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Origin, Scope, and Plan of this Book In July 1962 the fiftieth anniversary of Max von Laue's discovery of the Diffraction of X-rays by crystals is going to be celebrated in Munich by a large international group of crystallographers, physi cists, chemists, spectroscopists, biologists, industrialists, and many others who are employing the methods based on Laue's discovery for their own research. The invitation for this celebration will be issued jointly by the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, where the discovery was made, by the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, where it was first made public, and by the International Union of Crystallo graphy, which is the international organization of the National Committees of Crystallography formed in some 30 countries to repre sent and advance the interests of the 3500 research workers in this field. The year 1912 also is the birth year of two branches of the physical sciences which developed promptly from Laue's discovery, namely X-ray Crystal Structure Analysis which is most closely linked to the names ofW. H. (Sir William) Bragg and W. L. (Sir Lawrence) Bragg, and X-ray Spectroscopy which is associated with the names of W. H. Bragg, H. G. J. Moseley, M. de Broglie and Manne Siegbahn. Crystal Structure Analysis began in November 1912 with the first papers ofW. L. Bragg, then still a student in Cambridge, in which, by analysis of the Laue diagrams _of zinc blende, he determined the correct lattice upon which the structure of this crystal is built.
Author : Mark Ladd
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9781461439561
Total Pages : 756 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (395 download)
Download or read book Structure Determination by X-ray Crystallography written by Mark Ladd and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-05-01 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advances in and applications of x-ray and neutron crystallography form the essence of this new edition of this classic textbook, while maintaining the overall plan of the book that has been well received in the academic community since the first edition in 1977. X-ray crystallography is a universal tool for studying molecular structure, and the complementary nature of neutron diffraction crystallography permits the location of atomic species in crystals which are not easily revealed by X-ray techniques alone, such as hydrogen atoms or other light atoms in the presence of heavier atoms. Thus, a chapter discussing the practice of neutron diffraction techniques, with examples, broadens the scope of the text in a highly desirable way. As with previous editions, the book contains problems to illustrate the work of each chapter, and detailed solutions are provided. Mathematical procedures related to the material of the main body of the book are not discussed in detail, but are quoted where needed with references to standard mathematical texts. To address the computational aspect of crystallography, the suite of computer programs from the fourth edition has been revised and expanded. The programs enable the reader to participate fully in many of the aspects of x-ray crystallography discussed in the book. In particular, the program system XRAY* is interactive, and enables the reader to follow through, at the monitor screen, the computational techniques involved in single-crystal structure determination, albeit in two dimensions, with the data sets provided. Exercises for students can be found int the book, and solutions are available to instructors.
Author : D. Michael P. Mingos
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030647439
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)
Download or read book 21st Century Challenges in Chemical Crystallography I written by D. Michael P. Mingos and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-20 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarises recent developments and possible future directions for small molecule X-ray crystallography. It reviews specific areas of crystallography which are rapidly developing and places them in a historical context. The interdisciplinary nature of the technique is emphasised throughout. It introduces and describes the chemical crystallographic and synchrotron facilities which have been at the cutting edge of the subject in recent decades. The introduction of new computer-based algorithms has proved to be very influential and stimulated and accelerated the growth of new areas of science. The challenges which will arise from the acquisition of ever larger databases are considered and the potential impact of artificial intelligence techniques stressed. Recent advances in the refinement and analysis of X-ray crystal structures are highlighted. In addition the recent developments in time resolved single crystal X-ray crystallography are discussed. Recent years have demonstrated how this technique has provided important mechanistic information on solid-state reactions and complements information from traditional spectroscopic measurements. The volume highlights how the prospect of being able to routinely “watch” chemical processes as they occur provides an exciting possibility for the future. Recent advances in X-ray sources and detectors that have also contributed to the possibility of dynamic single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods are presented. The coupling of crystallography and quantum chemical calculations provides detailed information about electron distributions in crystals and has resulted in a more detailed understanding of chemical bonding. The volume will be of interest to chemists and crystallographers with an interest in the synthesis, characterisation and physical and catalytic properties of solid-state materials. Postgraduate students entering the field will benefit from a historical introduction to the subject and a description of those techniques which are currently used. Since X-ray crystallography is used so widely in modern chemistry it will serve to alert senior chemists to those developments which will become routine in coming decades. It will also be of interest to the broad community of computational chemists who study chemical systems.
Author : Erich H. Kisi
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191545406
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)
Download or read book Applications of Neutron Powder Diffraction written by Erich H. Kisi and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2008-10-02 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book covering the theory, practicalities, and the extensive applications of neutron powder diffraction in materials science, physics, chemistry, mineralogy and engineering. Various highlight applications of neutron powder diffraction are outlined in the introduction, then the theory is developed and instrumentation described sufficient for a return to the applications. The book covers the use of neutron powder diffraction in the solution (hard) and refinement (more straightforward) of crystal and magnetic structures, applications of powder diffraction in quantitative phase analysis, extraction of microstructural information from powder diffraction patterns, and the applications of neutron diffraction in studies of elastic properties and for the measurement of residual stress. Additional theory to underpin these various applications is developed as required. Much of the material should be accessible to senior undergraduates in science and engineering, as well as to graduate students and more senior researchers with an interest in the technique.
Author : André Authier
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461558794
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)
Download or read book X-Ray and Neutron Dynamical Diffraction written by André Authier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume collects the proceedings of the 23rd International Course of Crystallography, entitled "X-ray and Neutron Dynamical Diffraction, Theory and Applications," which took place in the fascinating setting of Erice in Sicily, Italy. It was run as a NATO Advanced Studies Institute with A. Authier (France) and S. Lagomarsino (Italy) as codirectors, and L. Riva di Sanseverino and P. Spadon (Italy) as local organizers, R. Colella (USA) and B. K. Tanner (UK) being the two other members of the organizing committee. It was attended by about one hundred participants from twenty four different countries. Two basic theories may be used to describe the diffraction of radiation by crystalline matter. The first one, the so-called geometrical, or kinematical theory, is approximate and is applicable to small, highly imperfect crystals. It is used for the determination of crystal structures and describes the diffraction of powders and polycrystalline materials. The other one, the so-called dynamical theory, is applicable to perfect or nearly perfect crystals. For that reason, dynamical diffraction of X-rays and neutrons constitutes the theoretical basis of a great variety of applications such as: • the techniques used for the characterization of nearly perfect high technology materials, semiconductors, piezoelectric, electrooptic, ferroelectric, magnetic crystals, • the X-ray optical devices used in all modem applications of Synchrotron Radiation (EXAFS, High Resolution X-ray Diffractometry, magnetic and nuclear resonant scattering, topography, etc. ), and • X-ray and neutron interferometry.
Author : Marcus Frederick Charles Ladd
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Structure Determination by X-Ray Crystallography written by Marcus Frederick Charles Ladd and published by Springer. This book was released on 1977-04 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystallography may be described as the science of the structure of materi als, using this word in its widest sense, and its ramifications are apparent over a broad front of current scientific endeavor. It is not surprising, therefore, to find that most universities offer some aspects of crystallography in their undergraduate courses in the physical sciences. It is the principal aim of this book to present an introduction to structure determination by X-ray crystal lography that is appropriate mainly to both final-year undergraduate studies in crystallography, chemistry, and chemical physics, and introductory post graduate work in this area of crystallography. We believe that the book will be of interest in other disciplines, such as physics, metallurgy, biochemistry, and geology, where crystallography has an important part to play. In the space of one book, it is not possible either to cover all aspects of crystallography or to treat all the subject matter completely rigorously. In particular, certain mathematical results are assumed in order that their applications may be discussed. At the end of each chapter, a short bibliog raphy is given, which may be used to extend the scope of the treatment given here. In addition, reference is made in the text to specific sources of information. We have chosen not to discuss experimental methods extensively, as we consider that this aspect of crystallography is best learned through practical experience, but an attempt has been made to simulate the interpretive side of experimental crystallography in both examples and exercises.
Author : Andrzej Katrusiak
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 140202102X
Total Pages : 574 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book High-Pressure Crystallography written by Andrzej Katrusiak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-03-31 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the tremendous advances in the techniques and equipment for carrying out high-pressure crystallography, the application or exploration of the high-pressure variable in detailed structural studies remains rare. The chapters in this book provide a set of lecture notes and supplementary material for a course on high pressure crystallography. The material comprises state-of-the-art reviews of high-pressure experiments using X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques at synchrotron and neutron facilities and in the laboratory, as well as complementary experimental high-pressure techniques and theoretical methods for investigating matter at elevated pressures. The materials studies range from elemental solids and liquids to inorganic compounds, minerals, organic compounds, clathrates and pharmaceutical compounds, to large biological molecules such as proteins and viruses. The book provides a reference for workers in high-pressure science wishing to learn more about crystallography and for established crystallographers potentially interested in high pressure as a variable, as well as an introductory guide to new researchers in the field.
