Worldly Saviors and Imperial Authority in Medieval Chinese Buddhism

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Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 : 0824888707
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (248 download)

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Book Synopsis Worldly Saviors and Imperial Authority in Medieval Chinese Buddhism by : April D. Hughes

Download or read book Worldly Saviors and Imperial Authority in Medieval Chinese Buddhism written by April D. Hughes and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2021-05-31 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although scholars have long assumed that early Chinese political authority was rooted in Confucianism, rulership in the medieval period was not bound by a single dominant tradition. To acquire power, emperors deployed objects and figures derived from a range of traditions imbued with religious and political significance. Author April D. Hughes demonstrates how dynastic founders like Wu Zhao (Wu Zetian, r. 690–705), the only woman to rule China under her own name, and Yang Jian (Emperor Wen, r. 581–604), the first ruler of the Sui dynasty, closely identified with Buddhist worldly saviors and Wheel-Turning Kings to legitimate their rule. During periods of upheaval caused by the decline of the Dharma, worldly saviors arrived on earth to quell chaos and to rule and liberate their subjects simultaneously. By incorporating these figures into the imperial system, sovereigns were able to depict themselves both as monarchs and as buddhas or bodhisattvas in uncertain times. In this inventive and original work, Hughes traces worldly saviors—in particular Maitreya Buddha and Prince Moonlight—as they appeared in apocalyptic scriptures from Dunhuang, claims to the throne made by various rebel leaders, and textual interpretations and assertions by Yang Jian and Wu Zhao. Yang Jian associated himself with Prince Moonlight and took on the persona of a Wheel-Turning King whose offerings to the Buddha were not flowers and incense but weapons of war to reunite a long-fragmented empire and revitalize the Dharma. Wu Zhao was associated with several different worldly savior figures. In addition, she saw herself as the incarnation of a Wheel-Turning King for whom it was said the Seven Treasures manifested as material representations of his right to rule. Wu Zhao duly had the Seven Treasures created and put on display whenever she held audiences at court. The worldly savior figure allowed rulers to inhabit the highest role in the religious realm along with the supreme role in the political sphere. This incorporation transformed notions of Chinese imperial sovereignty, and associating rulers with a buddha or bodhisattva continued long after the close of the medieval period.

Worldly Saviors and Imperial Authority in Medieval Chinese Buddhism

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Author :
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 : 0824886267
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (248 download)

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Book Synopsis Worldly Saviors and Imperial Authority in Medieval Chinese Buddhism by : April D. Hughes

Download or read book Worldly Saviors and Imperial Authority in Medieval Chinese Buddhism written by April D. Hughes and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2021-05-31 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although scholars have long assumed that early Chinese political authority was rooted in Confucianism, rulership in the medieval period was not bound by a single dominant tradition. To acquire power, emperors deployed objects and figures derived from a range of traditions imbued with religious and political significance. Author April D. Hughes demonstrates how dynastic founders like Wu Zhao (Wu Zetian, r. 690–705), the only woman to rule China under her own name, and Yang Jian (Emperor Wen, r. 581–604), the first ruler of the Sui dynasty, closely identified with Buddhist worldly saviors and Wheel-Turning Kings to legitimate their rule. During periods of upheaval caused by the decline of the Dharma, worldly saviors arrived on earth to quell chaos and to rule and liberate their subjects simultaneously. By incorporating these figures into the imperial system, sovereigns were able to depict themselves both as monarchs and as buddhas or bodhisattvas in uncertain times. In this inventive and original work, Hughes traces worldly saviors—in particular Maitreya Buddha and Prince Moonlight—as they appeared in apocalyptic scriptures from Dunhuang, claims to the throne made by various rebel leaders, and textual interpretations and assertions by Yang Jian and Wu Zhao. Yang Jian associated himself with Prince Moonlight and took on the persona of a Wheel-Turning King whose offerings to the Buddha were not flowers and incense but weapons of war to reunite a long-fragmented empire and revitalize the Dharma. Wu Zhao was associated with several different worldly savior figures. In addition, she saw herself as the incarnation of a Wheel-Turning King for whom it was said the Seven Treasures manifested as material representations of his right to rule. Wu Zhao duly had the Seven Treasures created and put on display whenever she held audiences at court. The worldly savior figure allowed rulers to inhabit the highest role in the religious realm along with the supreme role in the political sphere. This incorporation transformed notions of Chinese imperial sovereignty, and associating rulers with a buddha or bodhisattva continued long after the close of the medieval period.

The Making of a Savior Bodhisattva

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Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 : 0824830458
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (248 download)

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Book Synopsis The Making of a Savior Bodhisattva by : Shi Zhiru

Download or read book The Making of a Savior Bodhisattva written by Shi Zhiru and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2007-08-14 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In modern Chinese Buddhism, Dizang is especially popular as the sovereign of the underworld. Often represented as a monk wearing a royal crown, Dizang helps the deceased faithful navigate the complex underworld bureaucracy, avert the punitive terrors of hell, and arrive at the happy realm of rebirth. The author is concerned with the formative period of this important Buddhist deity, before his underworldly aspect eclipses his connections to other religious expressions and at a time when the art, mythology, practices, and texts of his cult were still replete with possibilities. She begins by problematizing the reigning model of Dizang, one that proposes an evolution of gradual sinicization and increasing vulgarization of a relatively unknown Indian bodhisattva, Ksitigarbha, into a Chinese deity of the underworld. Such a model, the author argues, obscures the many-faceted personality and iconography of Dizang. Rejecting it, she deploys a broad array of materials (art, epigraphy, ritual texts, scripture, and narrative literature) to recomplexify Dizang and restore (as much as possible from the fragmented historical sources) what this figure meant to Chinese Buddhists from the sixth to tenth centuries. Rather than privilege any one genre of evidence, the author treats both material artifacts and literary works, canonical and noncanonical sources. Adopting an archaeological approach, she excavates motifs from and finds resonances across disparate genres to paint a vibrant, detailed picture of the medieval Dizang cult. Through her analysis, the cult, far from being an isolated phenomenon, is revealed as integrally woven into the entire fabric of Chinese Buddhism, functioning as a kaleidoscopic lens encompassing a multivalent religio-cultural assimilation that resists the usual bifurcation of doctrine and practice or "elite" and "popular" religion. The Making of a Savior Bodhisattva presents a fascinating wealth of material on the personality, iconography, and lore associated with the medieval Dizang. It elucidates the complex cultural, religious, and social forces shaping the florescence of this savior cult in Tang China while simultaneously addressing several broader theoretical issues that have preoccupied the field. Zhiru not only questions the use of sinicization as a lens through which to view Chinese Buddhist history, she also brings both canonical and noncanonical literature into dialogue with a body of archaeological remains that has been ignored in the study of East Asian Buddhism.

A History of Uyghur Buddhism

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Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231560699
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of Uyghur Buddhism by : Johan Elverskog

Download or read book A History of Uyghur Buddhism written by Johan Elverskog and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2024-06-18 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, most Uyghurs are Muslims. For centuries, however, Uyghurs were Buddhists. By around 1000 CE, they, like many of their neighbors, had decisively turned toward the Dharma, and a golden age of Uyghur Buddhism flourished under the Mongol empire. Dwelling along the Silk Road in what is now northwestern China, they stood at the center of Buddhist Eurasia, linking far-flung regions and traditions. But as Muslim power grew, Uyghur Buddhists converted to Islam, rewriting their past and erasing their Buddhist history. This book presents the first comprehensive history of Buddhism among the Uyghurs from the ninth to the seventeenth century. Johan Elverskog traces how the Uyghurs forged their distinctive tradition, considering a variety of social, political, cultural, and religious contexts. He argues that the religious history of the Uyghurs challenges conventional narratives of the meeting of Buddhism and Islam, showing that conversion took place gradually and was driven by factors such as geopolitics, climate change, and technological innovation. Elverskog also provides a nuanced understanding of lived Buddhism, focusing on ritual practices and materiality as well as the religion’s entanglements with economics, politics, and violence. A groundbreaking history of Uyghur Buddhism, this book makes a compelling case for the importance of the Uyghurs in shaping the course of both Buddhist and Asian history.

The Women Who Ruled China

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Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520401816
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis The Women Who Ruled China by : Stephanie Balkwill

Download or read book The Women Who Ruled China written by Stephanie Balkwill and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2024-08-06 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

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Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3111382710
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis by :

Download or read book written by and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Female Agency in Manuscript Cultures

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Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3111382982
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Female Agency in Manuscript Cultures by : Eike Grossmann

Download or read book Female Agency in Manuscript Cultures written by Eike Grossmann and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2024-06-17 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Structures of the Earth

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Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 1684176441
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (841 download)

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Book Synopsis Structures of the Earth by : D. Jonathan Felt

Download or read book Structures of the Earth written by D. Jonathan Felt and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2022-03-07 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The traditional Chinese notion of itself as the “middle kingdom”—literally the cultural and political center of the world—remains vital to its own self-perceptions and became foundational to Western understandings of China. This worldview was primarily constructed during the earliest imperial unification of China during the Qin and Han dynasties (221 BCE–220 CE). But the fragmentation of empire and subsequent “Age of Disunion” (220–589 CE) that followed undermined imperial orthodoxies of unity, centrality, and universality. In response, geographical writing proliferated, exploring greater spatial complexities and alternative worldviews. This book is the first study of the emergent genre of geographical writing and the metageographies that structured its spatial thought during that period. Early medieval geographies highlighted spatial units and structures that the Qin–Han empire had intentionally sought to obscure—including those of regional, natural, and foreign spaces. Instead, these postimperial metageographies reveal a polycentric China in a polycentric world. Sui–Tang (581–906 CE) officials reasserted the imperial model as spatial orthodoxy. But since that time these alternative frameworks have persisted in geographical thought, continuing to illuminate spatial complexities that have been incompatible with the imperial and nationalist ideal of a monolithic China at the center of the world.

Ways of Thinking of Eastern Peoples

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Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 : 9780824800789
Total Pages : 740 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Ways of Thinking of Eastern Peoples by : Hajime Nakamura

Download or read book Ways of Thinking of Eastern Peoples written by Hajime Nakamura and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 1981-05-01 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "There is hardly any book equal to Ways of Thinking of Eastern Peoples in terms of its thorough and systematic presentation of the intricate thought patterns of Asian peoples. The book not only is an essential reference for the student of Asian culture, but also for students of philosophy, religion, anthropology, and art, as it is an excellent source for aiding the student in gaining a deeper understanding of each facet of Oriental thought." --Isshi Yamada, Northwestern University "The clearest discussion and analysis of these complex subjects that I have found. My advanced undergraduate students find this work to be 'stimulating', 'challenging' and comprehensible.' The organization of the text enhances the usefulness of this volume, but it is the high quality of the scholarship that makes Ways of Thinking a most valuable addition to Asian studies and to the academic training of upper division students." --Ann B. Radwan, University of North Florida "I find Ways of thinking a most provocative source for exploring with my students certain basic themes in Eastern religion and culture. Used carefully, it is a most stimulating and effective source for tapping Eastern 'ways' at a fundamental level of inquiry." --Wilbur M. Fridell, University of California, Santa Barbara

The Mystique of Transmission

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 602 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis The Mystique of Transmission by : Wendi Leigh Adamek

Download or read book The Mystique of Transmission written by Wendi Leigh Adamek and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adamek provides a reading of the late 8th century Chan/Zen Buddhist Lidai fabao ji (Record of the Dharma-Jewel Through the Generations) and provides its first English translation. The work combines a history of the transmission of Buddhism and Chan in China with an account of the 8th century Chan master Wuzhu in Sichuan.

Storied Companions

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Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1614295999
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (142 download)

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Book Synopsis Storied Companions by : Karen Derris

Download or read book Storied Companions written by Karen Derris and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2021-07-13 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A professor, mother, and Buddhist practitioner helps readers discover new ways of facing and experiencing life, death, and impermanence. “With my diagnosis of grade IV brain cancer, I no longer observe the truth of impermanence from a critical, analytical distance. I am crashing into it, or it into me.” Facing a terminal cancer diagnosis, Karen Derris—professor, mother, and Buddhist practitioner—turned to books. By reading ancient Buddhist stories with new questions and a new purpose—finding a way to live with her dying body—she discovers new ways to make them immediate and real. For instance, reading with her terminal prognosis, she becomes one of the four omens (the four signs of impermanence and suffering) the young Siddhartha sees in his excursions from the palace. What would it mean for her to be in the crowd, straining to see the prince with her own sick and impermanent body—to be pushed aside and out of sight by the palace minders, just as our society so often tries to brush aside anything uncomfortable, but to nonetheless be seen by the young bodhisattva? Or reading as a mother, maybe she shares something akin to what Queen Maya may have felt, knowing she was dying, giving her newborn son over to her sister’s care? What will it mean for her own children to be motherless? She follows the knotted threads connecting Milarepa’s angry, vengeful mother to Karen’s own mother, who physically abused her throughout a traumatic childhood. By placing herself into these stories, she turns them from distant and static narratives into companions, and from companions into guides. Storied Companions interweaves Karen’s memoir of her life of trauma and illness with stories from Buddhist literary traditions, sharing with the reader how she found ways to live with the reality that she won’t live as long as she wants and needs to. Honest, powerful, and insightful, Storied Companions itself becomes an invaluable companion, guiding the reader to discover new ways of facing and experiencing life, death, and impermanence.

Birth in Buddhism

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1315512513
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (155 download)

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Book Synopsis Birth in Buddhism by : Amy Paris Langenberg

Download or read book Birth in Buddhism written by Amy Paris Langenberg and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-06-26 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent decades have seen a groundswell in the Buddhist world, a transnational agitation for better opportunities for Buddhist women. Many of the main players in the transnational nuns movement self-identify as feminists but other participants in this movement may not know or use the language of feminism. In fact, many ordained Buddhist women say they seek higher ordination so that they might be better Buddhist practitioners, not for the sake of gender equality. Eschewing the backward projection of secular liberal feminist categories, this book describes the basic features of the Buddhist discourse of the female body, held more or less in common across sectarian lines, and still pertinent to ordained Buddhist women today. The textual focus of the study is an early-first-millennium Sanskrit Buddhist work, "Descent into the Womb scripture" or Garbhāvakrānti-sūtra. Drawing out the implications of this text, the author offers innovative arguments about the significance of childbirth and fertility in Buddhism, namely that birth is a master metaphor in Indian Buddhism; that Buddhist gender constructions are centrally shaped by Buddhist birth discourse; and that, by undermining the religious importance of female fertility, the Buddhist construction of an inauspicious, chronically impure, and disgusting femininity constituted a portal to a new, liberated, feminine life for Buddhist monastic women. Thus, this study of the Buddhist discourse of birth is also a genealogy of gender in middle period Indian Buddhism. Offering a new critical perspective on the issues of gender, bodies and suffering, this book will be of interest to an interdisciplinary audience, including researchers in the field of Buddhism, South Asian history and religion, gender and religion, theory and method in the study of religion, and Buddhist medicine.

American Dharma

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Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300245041
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis American Dharma by : Ann Gleig

Download or read book American Dharma written by Ann Gleig and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-26 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past couple of decades have witnessed Buddhist communities both continuing the modernization of Buddhism and questioning some of its limitations. In this fascinating portrait of a rapidly changing religious landscape, Ann Gleig illuminates the aspirations and struggles of younger North American Buddhists during a period she identifies as a distinct stage in the assimilation of Buddhism to the West. She observes both the emergence of new innovative forms of deinstitutionalized Buddhism that blur the boundaries between the religious and secular, and a revalorization of traditional elements of Buddhism such as ethics and community that were discarded in the modernization process. Based on extensive ethnographic and textual research, the book ranges from mindfulness debates in the Vipassana network to the sex scandals in American Zen, while exploring issues around racial diversity and social justice, the impact of new technologies, and generational differences between baby boomer, Gen X, and millennial teachers.

Unmasking Buddhism

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1444356615
Total Pages : 183 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (443 download)

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Book Synopsis Unmasking Buddhism by : Bernard Faure

Download or read book Unmasking Buddhism written by Bernard Faure and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-13 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: UNMASKING BUDDHISM Can we talk of Buddhism as a unified religion or are there many Buddhisms? Is Buddhism a religion of tolerance and pacifism as many people think? Is Buddhism a religion without god(s)? Or is it more of a philosophy than a religion? Renowned Buddhist scholar Bernard Faure answers these and other questions about the basic history, beliefs and nature of Buddhism in easy-to-understand language. It is an ideal introduction for anyone who has unanswered questions about one of the world’s largest and most popular religions.

Agents of World Renewal

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Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 : 0824880420
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (248 download)

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Book Synopsis Agents of World Renewal by : Takashi Miura

Download or read book Agents of World Renewal written by Takashi Miura and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2019-08-31 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines a category of Japanese divinities that centered on the concept of “world renewal” (yonaoshi). In the latter half of the Tokugawa period (1603–1867), a number of entities, both natural and supernatural, came to be worshipped as “gods of world renewal.” These included disgruntled peasants who demanded their local governments repeal unfair taxation, government bureaucrats who implemented special fiscal measures to help the poor, and a giant subterranean catfish believed to cause earthquakes to punish the hoarding rich. In the modern period, yonaoshi gods took on more explicitly anti-authoritarian characteristics. During a major uprising in Saitama Prefecture in 1884, a yonaoshi god was invoked to deny the legitimacy of the Meiji regime, and in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the new religion Ōmoto predicted an apocalyptic end of the world presided over by a messianic yonaoshi god. Using a variety of local documents to analyze the veneration of yonaoshi gods, Takashi Miura looks beyond the traditional modality of research focused on religious professionals, their institutions, and their texts to illuminate the complexity of a lived religion as practiced in communities. He also problematizes the association frequently drawn between the concept of yonaoshi and millenarianism, demonstrating that yonaoshi gods served as divine rectifiers of specific economic injustices and only later, in the modern period and within the context of new religions such as Ōmoto, were fully millenarian interpretations developed. The scope of world renewal, in other words, changed over time. Agents of World Renewal approaches Japanese religion through the new analytical lens of yonaoshi gods and highlights the necessity of looking beyond the boundary often posited between the early modern and modern periods when researching religious discourses and concepts.

Reinventing the Wheel

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Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 9780791442319
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Reinventing the Wheel by : Peter D. Hershock

Download or read book Reinventing the Wheel written by Peter D. Hershock and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1999-07-23 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Suggests that certain Buddhist notions may act as an antidote to the adverse effects of high-tech media.

The Buddha Eye

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Publisher : World Wisdom, Inc
ISBN 13 : 9780941532594
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis The Buddha Eye by : Frederick Franck

Download or read book The Buddha Eye written by Frederick Franck and published by World Wisdom, Inc. This book was released on 2004 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains essays by many of the most important twentieth century Japanese philosophers, offering challenging and illumination insights into the nature of Reality as understood by the school of Zen.