Women And Work In Eighteenth Century France

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Women and Work in Eighteenth-Century France

Author : Daryl M. Hafter
Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 080715833X
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Women and Work in Eighteenth-Century France by : Daryl M. Hafter

Download or read book Women and Work in Eighteenth-Century France written by Daryl M. Hafter and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2015-01-12 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the eighteenth century, French women were active in a wide range of employments-from printmaking to running whole-sale businesses-although social and legal structures frequently limited their capacity to work independently. The contributors to Women and Work in Eighteenth-Century France reveal how women at all levels of society negotiated these structures with determination and ingenuity in order to provide for themselves and their families. Recent historiography on women and work in eighteenth-century France has focused on the model of the "family economy," in which women's work existed as part of the communal effort to keep the family afloat, usually in support of the patriarch's occupation. The ten essays in this volume offer case studies that complicate the conventional model: wives of ship captains managed family businesses in their husbands' extended absences; high-end prostitutes managed their own households; female weavers, tailors, and merchants increasingly appeared on eighteenth-century tax rolls and guild membership lists; and female members of the nobility possessed and wielded the same legal power as their male counterparts. Examining female workers within and outside of the context of family, Women and Work in Eighteenth-Century France challenges current scholarly assumptions about gender and labor. This stimulating and important collection of essays broadens our understanding of the diversity, vitality, and crucial importance of women's work in the eighteenth-century economy.

Women at Work in Preindustrial France

Author : Daryl M. Hafter
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271047593
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Women at Work in Preindustrial France by : Daryl M. Hafter

Download or read book Women at Work in Preindustrial France written by Daryl M. Hafter and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Women and the Public Sphere in the Age of the French Revolution

Author : Joan B. Landes
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801494819
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (948 download)

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Book Synopsis Women and the Public Sphere in the Age of the French Revolution by : Joan B. Landes

Download or read book Women and the Public Sphere in the Age of the French Revolution written by Joan B. Landes and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this provocative interdisciplinary essay, Joan B. Landes examines the impact on women of the emergence of a new, bourgeois organization of public life in the eighteenth century. She focuses on France, contrasting the role and representation of women under the Old Regime with their status during and after the Revolution. Basing her work on a wide reading of current historical scholarship, Landes draws on the work of Habermas and his followers, as well as on recent theories of representation, to re-create public-sphere theory from a feminist point of view.Within the extremely personal and patriarchal political culture of Old Regime France, elite women wielded surprising influence and power, both in the court and in salons. Urban women of the artisanal class often worked side by side with men and participated in many public functions. But the Revolution, Landes asserts, relegated women to the home, and created a rigidly gendered, essentially male, bourgeois public sphere. The formal adoption of "universal" rights actually silenced public women by emphasizing bourgeois conceptions of domestic virtue.In the first part of this book, Landes links the change in women's roles to a shift in systems of cultural representation. Under the absolute monarchy of the Old Regime, political culture was represented by the personalized iconic imagery of the father/king. This imagery gave way in bourgeois thought to a more symbolic system of representation based on speech, writing, and the law. Landes traces this change through the art and writing of the period. Using the works of Rousseau and Montesquieu as examples of the passage to the bourgeois theory of the public sphere, she shows how such concepts as universal reason, law, and nature were rooted in an ideologically sanctioned order of gender difference and separate public and private spheres. In the second part of the book, Landes discusses the discourses on women's rights and on women in society authored by Condorcet, Wollstonecraft, Gouges, Tristan, and Comte within the context of these new definitions of the public sphere. Focusing on the period after the execution of the king, she asks who got to be included as "the People" when men and women demanded that liberal and republican principles be carried to their logical conclusion. She examines women's roles in the revolutionary process and relates the birth of modern feminism to the silencing of the politically influential women of the Old Regime court and salon and to women's expulsion from public participation during and after the Revolution.

Visualizing the Nation

Author : Joan B. Landes
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501727532
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Visualizing the Nation by : Joan B. Landes

Download or read book Visualizing the Nation written by Joan B. Landes and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-06 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Popular images of women were everywhere in revolutionary France. Although women's political participation was curtailed, female allegories of liberty, justice, and the republic played a crucial role in the passage from old regime to modern society. In her lavishly illustrated and gracefully written book, Joan B. Landes explores this paradox within the workings of revolutionary visual culture and traces the interaction between pictorial and textual political arguments. Landes highlights the widespread circulation of images of the female body, notwithstanding the political leadership's suspicions of the dangers of feminine influence and the seductions of visual imagery. The use of caricatures and allegories contributed to the destruction of the masculinized images of hierarchic absolutism and to forging new roles for men and women in both the intimate and public arenas. Landes tells the fascinating story of how the depiction of the nation as a desirable female body worked to eroticize patriotism and to bind male subjects to the nation-state. Despite their political subordination, women too were invited to identify with the project of nationalism. Recent views of the French Revolution have emphasized linguistic concerns; in contrast, Landes stresses the role of visual cognition in fashioning ideas of nationalism and citizenship. Her book demonstrates as well that the image is often a site of contestation, as individual viewers may respond to it in unexpected, even subversive, ways.

Women, Gender and Disease in Eighteenth-Century England and France

Author : Ann Kathleen Doig
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1443861219
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (438 download)

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Book Synopsis Women, Gender and Disease in Eighteenth-Century England and France by : Ann Kathleen Doig

Download or read book Women, Gender and Disease in Eighteenth-Century England and France written by Ann Kathleen Doig and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2014-06-02 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on encyclopedias, medical journals, historical, and literary sources, this collection of interdisciplinary essays focuses on the intersection of women, gender, and disease in England and France. Diverse critical perspectives highlight contributions women made to the scientific and medical communities of the eighteenth century. In spite of obstacles encountered in spaces dominated by men, women became midwives, and wrote self-help manuals on women’s health, hygiene, and domestic economy. Excluded from universities, they nevertheless contributed significantly to such fields as anatomy, botany, medicine, and public health. Enlightenment perspectives on the nature of the female body, childbirth, diseases specific to women, “gender,” sex, “masculinity” and “femininity,” adolescence, and sexual differentiation inform close readings of English and French literary texts. Treatises by Montpellier vitalists influenced intellectuals and physicians such as Nicolas Chambon, Pierre Cabanis, Jacques-Louis Moreau de la Sarthe, Jules-Joseph Virey, and Théophile de Bordeu. They impacted the exchange of letters and production of literary works by Julie de Lespinasse, Françoise de Graffigny, Nicolas Chamfort, Mary Astell, Frances Burney, Lawrence Sterne, Eliza Haywood, and Daniel Defoe. In our post-modern era, these essays raise important questions regarding women as subjects, objects, and readers of the philosophical, medical, and historical discourses that framed the project of enlightenment.

Politics in the Marketplace

Author : Katie Jarvis
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0190917113
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Politics in the Marketplace by : Katie Jarvis

Download or read book Politics in the Marketplace written by Katie Jarvis and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019-01-17 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction : inventing citizenship in the revolutionary marketplace -- The Dames des Halles : economic lynchpins and the people personified -- Embodying sovereignty : the October days, political activism, and maternal work -- Occupying the marketplace : the battle over public space, particular interests, and the body politic -- Exacting change : money, market women, and the crumbling corporate world -- The cost of female citizenship : price controls and the gendering of democracy in revolutionary France -- Selling legitimacy : merchants, police, and the politics of popular subsistence -- Commercial licenses as political contracts : working out autonomy and economic citizenship -- Conclusion : fruits of labors : citizenship as social experience

The Reign of Women in Eighteenth-century France

Author : Vera Lee
Publisher : Cambridge, Mass. : Schenkman Publishing Company
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Reign of Women in Eighteenth-century France by : Vera Lee

Download or read book The Reign of Women in Eighteenth-century France written by Vera Lee and published by Cambridge, Mass. : Schenkman Publishing Company. This book was released on 1975 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Teaching Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century French Women Writers

Author : Faith E. Beasley
Publisher : Modern Language Association of America
ISBN 13 : 9781603290951
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Teaching Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century French Women Writers by : Faith E. Beasley

Download or read book Teaching Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century French Women Writers written by Faith E. Beasley and published by Modern Language Association of America. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seventeenth- and eighteenth-century France has been celebrated as the period of conversation. Salons flourished and became an important social force. Women and men worked together, in dialogue with their contemporaries, other texts, and their culture to create novels, political satire, drama, poetry, fairy tales, travel narratives, and philosophy. Yet the inclusion of women's contributions, only recently recovered, changes the way we conceive of the period that constitutes one of the building blocks of French national identity and Western civilization, and teachers are often unsure how and where to incorporate the texts into their courses. Teaching Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century French Women Writers attempts to reconstruct these conversations by integrating women's work into classrooms across the curriculum. The works of French women writers are crucial to courses on the early modern period and enliven many others—whether on literature, history, women's history, the history of science, philosophy, women's and gender studies, or European civilization. The essays included in part 1 provide necessary background and help instructors identify places in their courses that could be enriched by taking women's participation into account. Contributors in part 2 focus on some of the central writers and genres of the period, including Lafayette, Charrière, and Graffigny, the epistolary novel, convent writing, and memoirs. The essays in part 3 offer concrete descriptions of courses that place women's texts in dialogue with those of their male colleagues or with historical issues.

Woman in France During the Eighteenth Century

Author : Julia Kavanagh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis Woman in France During the Eighteenth Century by : Julia Kavanagh

Download or read book Woman in France During the Eighteenth Century written by Julia Kavanagh and published by . This book was released on 1850 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Women's Work and Identity in Eighteenth-Century Brittany

Author : Nancy Locklin
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134781229
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (347 download)

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Book Synopsis Women's Work and Identity in Eighteenth-Century Brittany by : Nancy Locklin

Download or read book Women's Work and Identity in Eighteenth-Century Brittany written by Nancy Locklin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-02-17 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a solid foundation of archival research that ranges from tax rolls to notarial records, this study adds an important chapter to our understanding of women in pre-industrial Europe. Through a rigorous examination of primary documents peculiar to eighteenth-century Brittany, the author demonstrates the difficulties engendered in broad generalities about European women, and makes a strong case for the necessity for historians to account for regional differences in women's experiences. In particular, Nancy Locklin makes a compelling argument for the need to incorporate a broader basis upon which women attained their identity. Indeed, Locklin rightly contends that most women in pre-industrial European societies were recognized (and perhaps saw themselves) through a variety of identities over the course of their lives, depending on their age, familial connections, marital status, and the type of work they performed, and that often these identities overlapped. Locklin also shows the extent to which legal and ideological prescriptions painted a relatively negative picture of women's status, but that a close examination of women's participation in family, community, and commercial affairs reveals a much more complex and divergent reality.

Women in Eighteenth Century Europe

Author : Margaret Hunt
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131788387X
Total Pages : 561 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (178 download)

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Book Synopsis Women in Eighteenth Century Europe by : Margaret Hunt

Download or read book Women in Eighteenth Century Europe written by Margaret Hunt and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-11 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Was the century of Voltaire also the century of women? In the eighteenth century changes in the nature of work, family life, sexuality, education, law, religion, politics and warfare radically altered the lives of women. Some of these developments caused immense confusion and suffering; others greatly expanded women’s opportunities and worldview – long before the various women’s suffrage movements were more than a glimmer on the horizon. This study pays attention to queens as well as commoners; respectable working women as well as prostitutes; women physicists and mathematicians as well as musicians and actresses; feminists as well as their critics. The result is a rich and morally complex tale of conflict and tragedy, but also of achievement. The book deals with many regions and topics often under-represented in general surveys of European women, including coverage of the Balkans and both European Turkey and Anatolia, of Eastern Europe, of European colonial expansion (particularly the slave trade) and of Muslim, Eastern Orthodox, and Jewish women's history. Bringing all of Europe into the narrative of early modern women's history challenges many received assumptions about Europe and women in past times, and provides essential background for dealing with issues of diversity in the Europe of today.

Women's Roles in Eighteenth-Century Europe

Author : Jennine Hurl-Eamon
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (161 download)

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Book Synopsis Women's Roles in Eighteenth-Century Europe by : Jennine Hurl-Eamon

Download or read book Women's Roles in Eighteenth-Century Europe written by Jennine Hurl-Eamon and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2010-04-09 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise historical overview of the existing historiography of women from across eighteenth-century Europe covers women of all ages, married and single, rich and poor. During the 18th century, the Enlightenment, the French Revolution, protoindustrialization, and colonial conquest made their marks on women's lives in a variety of ways. Women's Roles in Eighteenth-Century Europe examines women of all ages and social backgrounds as they experienced the major events of this tumultuous period of sweeping social and political change. The book offers an inclusive portrayal of women from across Europe, surveying nations from Portugal to the Russian Empire, from Finland to Italy, including the often overlooked women of Eastern Europe. It depicts queens, an empress, noblewomen, peasants, and midwives. Separate chapters on family, work, politics, law, religion, arts and sciences, and war explore the varying contexts of the feminine experience, from the most intimate aspects of daily life to broad themes and conditions.

Work in France

Author : Steven Laurence Kaplan
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501711237
Total Pages : 579 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Work in France by : Steven Laurence Kaplan

Download or read book Work in France written by Steven Laurence Kaplan and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eighteen scholars from both sides of the Atlantic look at the question of work across three centuries of French history. Representing both younger and older generations, they move beyond traditional disciplinary boundaries in order to consider human labor as it was actually performed and to determine what it has meant to specific groups and individuals at particular historical moments. This book proposes some fundamental revisions in the history of work which will have important implications for our understanding of social, political, economic, and cultural developments not only in France but throughout Europe.

The Routledge History of Women in Europe since 1700

Author : Deborah Simonton
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134419058
Total Pages : 568 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (344 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge History of Women in Europe since 1700 by : Deborah Simonton

Download or read book The Routledge History of Women in Europe since 1700 written by Deborah Simonton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-04-27 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge History of Women in Europe since 1700 is a landmark publication that provides the most coherent overview of woman’s role and place in western Europe, spanning the era from the beginning of the eighteenth century until the twentieth century. In this collection of essays, leading women's historians counter the notion of ‘national’ histories and provide the insight and perspective of a European approach. Important intellectual, political and economic developments have not respected national boundaries, nor has the story of women’s past, or the interplay of gender and culture. The interaction between women, ideology and female agency, the way women engaged with patriarchal and gendered structures and systems, and the way women carved out their identities and spaces within these, informs the writing in this book. For any student of women’s studies or European history, The Routledge History of Women in Europe since 1700 will prove an informative addition to their studies.

Women in France During the Eighteenth Century

Author : Julia Kavanagh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Women in France During the Eighteenth Century by : Julia Kavanagh

Download or read book Women in France During the Eighteenth Century written by Julia Kavanagh and published by . This book was released on 1893 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Women, Work And Sexual Politics In Eighteenth-Century England

Author : Bridget Hill
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135368848
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (353 download)

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Book Synopsis Women, Work And Sexual Politics In Eighteenth-Century England by : Bridget Hill

Download or read book Women, Work And Sexual Politics In Eighteenth-Century England written by Bridget Hill and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-08-04 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author offers a reassessment of how women's experience of work in 18th- century England was affected by industrialization and other elements of economic, social and technological change.; This study focuses on the household, the most important unit of production in the 18th century. Hill examines the work done by the women of the household, not only in "housework" but also in agriculture and manufacturing, and explains what women lost as the household's independence as a unit of economic production was undermined.; Considering the whole range of activities in which women were involved - including many occupations unrecorded in censuses which have, therefore, been largely ignored by historians - Hill charts the increasing sexual division of labour and highlights its implications. She also discusses the role of service in husbandry and apprenticeship, as sources of training for women, and the consequences of their decline.; The final part of the book considers how the changing nature of women's work influenced courtship, marriage and relations between the sexes. Among the topics discussed are the importance of the women's contribution to setting up and maintaining a household; labouring women's attitudes to marriage and divorce and the customary alternatives to them; and the role of spinsters and widows. The author concludes by asking to what extent the industrial revolution improved the overall position of women and the opportunities open to them.; This series aims to re-establish women's history, and to challenge the assumptions of much mainstream history. Focusing on the modern period and encouraging perspectives from other disciplines, it seeks to concentrate upon areas of focal importance in the history of Britain and continental Europe.; Bridget Hill is the author of "Eighteenth-Century Women: An Anthology" and "The First English Feminist".

Citoyennes

Author : Annie Smart
Publisher : University of Delaware
ISBN 13 : 1611493552
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (114 download)

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Book Synopsis Citoyennes by : Annie Smart

Download or read book Citoyennes written by Annie Smart and published by University of Delaware. This book was released on 2011-12-23 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Did women have a civic identity in eighteenth-century France? In Citoyennes: Women and the Ideal of Citizenship in Eighteenth-Century France, Annie Smart contends that they did. While previous scholarship has emphasized the ideal of domestic motherhood or the image of the republican mother, Smart argues persuasively that many pre-revolutionary and revolutionary texts created another ideal for women – the ideal of civic motherhood. Smart asserts that women were portrayed as possessing civic virtue, and as promoting the values and ideals of the public sphere. Contemporary critics have theorized that the eighteenth-century ideal of the Republic intentionally excluded women from the public sphere. According to this perspective, a discourse of “Rousseauean” domestic motherhood stripped women of an active civic identity, and limited their role to breastfeeding and childcare. Eighteenth-century France marked thus the division between a male public sphere of political action and a female private sphere of the home. Citoyennes challenges this position and offers an alternative model of female identity. This interdisciplinary study brings together a variety of genres to demonstrate convincingly that women were portrayed as civic individuals. Using foundational texts such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s Emile, or on Education (1762), revolutionary gouaches of Lesueur, and vaudeville plays of Year II of the Republic (1793/1794), this study brilliantly shows that in text and image, women were represented as devoted to both the public good and their families. In addition, Citoyennes offers an innovative interpretation of the home. Through re-examining sphere theory, this study challenges the tendency to equate the home with private concerns, and shows that the home can function as a site for both private life and civic identity. Citoyennes breaks new ground, for it both rectifies the ideal of domestic Rousseauean motherhood, and brings a fuller understanding to how female civic identity operated in important French texts and images.