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Witness Identification In Criminal Cases
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Book Synopsis Identifying the Culprit by : National Research Council
Download or read book Identifying the Culprit written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-01-16 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eyewitnesses play an important role in criminal cases when they can identify culprits. Estimates suggest that tens of thousands of eyewitnesses make identifications in criminal investigations each year. Research on factors that affect the accuracy of eyewitness identification procedures has given us an increasingly clear picture of how identifications are made, and more importantly, an improved understanding of the principled limits on vision and memory that can lead to failure of identification. Factors such as viewing conditions, duress, elevated emotions, and biases influence the visual perception experience. Perceptual experiences are stored by a system of memory that is highly malleable and continuously evolving, neither retaining nor divulging content in an informational vacuum. As such, the fidelity of our memories to actual events may be compromised by many factors at all stages of processing, from encoding to storage and retrieval. Unknown to the individual, memories are forgotten, reconstructed, updated, and distorted. Complicating the process further, policies governing law enforcement procedures for conducting and recording identifications are not standard, and policies and practices to address the issue of misidentification vary widely. These limitations can produce mistaken identifications with significant consequences. What can we do to make certain that eyewitness identification convicts the guilty and exonerates the innocent? Identifying the Culprit makes the case that better data collection and research on eyewitness identification, new law enforcement training protocols, standardized procedures for administering line-ups, and improvements in the handling of eyewitness identification in court can increase the chances that accurate identifications are made. This report explains the science that has emerged during the past 30 years on eyewitness identifications and identifies best practices in eyewitness procedures for the law enforcement community and in the presentation of eyewitness evidence in the courtroom. In order to continue the advancement of eyewitness identification research, the report recommends a focused research agenda. Identifying the Culprit will be an essential resource to assist the law enforcement and legal communities as they seek to understand the value and the limitations of eyewitness identification and make improvements to procedures.
Book Synopsis Witness Identification in Criminal Cases by : Rachel Wilcock
Download or read book Witness Identification in Criminal Cases written by Rachel Wilcock and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Witness Identification provides an up-to-date review on identifying crime perpetrators based on psychological theory and research. Applying psychology to the area of criminal identification, the authors make reference to relevant legislation such as the PACE Codes of Practice as they explore the psychology involved in identification. This insightful and practical title will inform anyone interested in this area. The authors outline the psychological information relevant to constructing and delivering identification parades, such as the point of view of the suspect and witness or victim, how witnesses remember, and the factors likely to affect the accuracy of person descriptions. They also consider the effects of stereotypes and expectancies on identification performance, as well as a discussion of the technologies involved in identification procedure. The book includes a chapter on how to assist people who are deemed vulnerable in order to elicit accurate identification evidence. It also looks at other methods of identification in addition to face identification, such as methods to identify a person's voice and gait. By providing an overview of legislation and guidelines to conducting identity parades alongside a psychological underpinning, this book is a valuable resource to anyone whose work involves identification procedures, as well as students of psychology, law and police studies.
Book Synopsis Eye-witness Identification in Criminal Cases by : Patrick M. Wall
Download or read book Eye-witness Identification in Criminal Cases written by Patrick M. Wall and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Eye-Witness Identification in Criminal Cases by : Patrick Wall
Download or read book Eye-Witness Identification in Criminal Cases written by Patrick Wall and published by Charles C. Thomas Publisher. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experts have stated that the conviction of the innocent is more often caused by erroneous identification than by any other single factor. The author probes the subject in depth, pointing out the danger of this type of evidence and analyzing police practices which contribute to the danger. He shows how those procedures could be improved and explains the relationship between certain rules of evidence and the identification problem. He suggests rules of criminal procedure and evidence which would go a long way toward alleviating the problem. Over 150 American cases as well as cases from such foreign jurisdictions as Australia, Canada, England, and Ireland are cited and analyzed.
Book Synopsis Mistaken Identification by : Brian L. Cutler
Download or read book Mistaken Identification written by Brian L. Cutler and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-08-25 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines traditional safeguards against mistaken eyewitness identification.
Book Synopsis Eye-witness Identification: Legal and Practical Problems by : Nathan R. Sobel
Download or read book Eye-witness Identification: Legal and Practical Problems written by Nathan R. Sobel and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Institute of Justice (U.S.). Technical Working Group for Eyewitness Evidence Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :62 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Eyewitness Evidence by : National Institute of Justice (U.S.). Technical Working Group for Eyewitness Evidence
Download or read book Eyewitness Evidence written by National Institute of Justice (U.S.). Technical Working Group for Eyewitness Evidence and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Eyewitness Testimony by : Elizabeth F. Loftus
Download or read book Eyewitness Testimony written by Elizabeth F. Loftus and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Eyewitness Identification, Legal and Practical Problems by : Nathan R. Sobel
Download or read book Eyewitness Identification, Legal and Practical Problems written by Nathan R. Sobel and published by C. Boardman. This book was released on 1981 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This looseleaf treatise is an examination of the legal and practical aspects of eyewitness identification. Civil liability for mistaken identification, standards of fairness for lineups and photo identifications, exclusionary sanctions, and many other related issues are discussed in detail.
Book Synopsis Picking Cotton by : Jennifer Thompson-Cannino
Download or read book Picking Cotton written by Jennifer Thompson-Cannino and published by St. Martin's Press. This book was released on 2010-01-05 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New York Times best selling true story of an unlikely friendship forged between a woman and the man she incorrectly identified as her rapist and sent to prison for 11 years. Jennifer Thompson was raped at knifepoint by a man who broke into her apartment while she slept. She was able to escape, and eventually positively identified Ronald Cotton as her attacker. Ronald insisted that she was mistaken-- but Jennifer's positive identification was the compelling evidence that put him behind bars. After eleven years, Ronald was allowed to take a DNA test that proved his innocence. He was released, after serving more than a decade in prison for a crime he never committed. Two years later, Jennifer and Ronald met face to face-- and forged an unlikely friendship that changed both of their lives. With Picking Cotton, Jennifer and Ronald tell in their own words the harrowing details of their tragedy, and challenge our ideas of memory and judgment while demonstrating the profound nature of human grace and the healing power of forgiveness.
Book Synopsis Eyewitness Testimony by : Elizabeth F. Loftus
Download or read book Eyewitness Testimony written by Elizabeth F. Loftus and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By shedding light on the many factors that can intervene and create inaccurate testimony, Elizabeth Loftus illustrates how memory can be radically altered by the way an eyewitness is questioned, and how new memories can be implanted and old ones changed in subtle ways.
Book Synopsis Convicting the Innocent by : Brandon L. Garrett
Download or read book Convicting the Innocent written by Brandon L. Garrett and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2011-08-04 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On January 20, 1984, Earl Washington—defended for all of forty minutes by a lawyer who had never tried a death penalty case—was found guilty of rape and murder in the state of Virginia and sentenced to death. After nine years on death row, DNA testing cast doubt on his conviction and saved his life. However, he spent another eight years in prison before more sophisticated DNA technology proved his innocence and convicted the guilty man. DNA exonerations have shattered confidence in the criminal justice system by exposing how often we have convicted the innocent and let the guilty walk free. In this unsettling in-depth analysis, Brandon Garrett examines what went wrong in the cases of the first 250 wrongfully convicted people to be exonerated by DNA testing. Based on trial transcripts, Garrett’s investigation into the causes of wrongful convictions reveals larger patterns of incompetence, abuse, and error. Evidence corrupted by suggestive eyewitness procedures, coercive interrogations, unsound and unreliable forensics, shoddy investigative practices, cognitive bias, and poor lawyering illustrates the weaknesses built into our current criminal justice system. Garrett proposes practical reforms that rely more on documented, recorded, and audited evidence, and less on fallible human memory. Very few crimes committed in the United States involve biological evidence that can be tested using DNA. How many unjust convictions are there that we will never discover? Convicting the Innocent makes a powerful case for systemic reforms to improve the accuracy of all criminal cases.
Book Synopsis Expert Testimony on the Psychology of Eyewitness Identification by : Brian L. Cutler
Download or read book Expert Testimony on the Psychology of Eyewitness Identification written by Brian L. Cutler and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-27 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eyewitness testimony is highly compelling in a criminal trial, and can have an indelible impact on jurors. However, two decades of research on the subject have shown us that eyewitnesses are sometimes wrong, even when they are highly confident that they are making correct identifications. This book brings together an impressive group of researchers and practicing attorneys to provide current overviews and critiques of key topics in eyewitness testimony.
Download or read book True Witness written by James M. Doyle and published by St. Martin's Press. This book was released on 2014-12-23 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Honest but mistaken eyewitnesses are the leading cause of wrongful convictions in the United States. As the innocent go to prison their lives are shattered; as the criminal goes free, the public remains vulnerable. With a vivid cast of brilliant scientists, street-wise cops, and former prosecutors--all haunted by the legacy of wrongful convictions, some directly involved with one--Doyle sheds light on the intersection of personal ambition, legal and political principles, and scientific inquiry. He highlights real possibilities for improved identification, their challenges to the legal tradition, and persuasively argues that the promises of improved justice must be realized before another wrongful conviction lets the guilty go free. This is an important look at a pressing issue in the news with every exoneration.
Book Synopsis New York Identification Law by : Miriam Hibel
Download or read book New York Identification Law written by Miriam Hibel and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first-of-its kind resource presents an exhaustive review of the New York Identification Law in two parts: Part One _ The Wade Hearing, & Part Two _ The Trial. Includes up-to-date citations & statute references.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Criminal Investigation by : Michael Birzer
Download or read book Introduction to Criminal Investigation written by Michael Birzer and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2018-07-31 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The manner in which criminal investigators are trained is neither uniform nor consistent, ranging from sophisticated training protocols in some departments to on-the-job experience alongside senior investigators in others. Ideal for students taking a first course in the subject as well as professionals in need of a refresher, Introduction to Criminal Investigation uses an accessible format to convey concepts in practical, concrete terms. Topics discussed include: The history of criminal investigation in Western society Qualifications for becoming an investigator, the selection process, and ideal training requirements Crime scene search techniques, including planning and post-search debriefing Preparing effective field notes and investigative reports Interviewing and interrogating Types of evidence found at the crime scene and how to collect, package, and preserve it The contributions of forensic science to criminal investigations and the equipment used in crime labs Investigative protocol for a range of crimes, including property crimes, auto theft, arson, financial crimes, homicide, assault, sex crimes, and robbery Specialized investigations, including drug trafficking, cybercrime, and gang-related crime Legal issues involved in criminal investigations and preparing a case for trial Bringing together contributions from law enforcement personnel, academics, and attorneys, the book combines practical and theoretical elements to provide a comprehensive examination of today‘s criminal investigative process. The accessible manner in which the information is conveyed makes this an ideal text for a wide-ranging audience.
Book Synopsis Eyewitness Identification, Legal and Practical Problems by : Nathan R. Sobel
Download or read book Eyewitness Identification, Legal and Practical Problems written by Nathan R. Sobel and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
