Wiring Principles Of Cerebral Cortex

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Wiring Principles of Cerebral Cortex

Author : Julian Budd
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889196925
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Wiring Principles of Cerebral Cortex by : Julian Budd

Download or read book Wiring Principles of Cerebral Cortex written by Julian Budd and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-11-17 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cerebral cortex is probably the most complex biological network. Here many millions of individual neurons, the functional units of cortex, are interconnected through a massive yet highly organized pattern of axonal and dendritic wiring. This wiring enables both near and distant cells to coordinate their responses and generate a rich variety of cognitions and behaviours. When the wiring is damaged through disease or trauma it may reorganize but this may lead to characteristic pathological behaviours. While there have been significant advances in mapping cortical connectivity, the organizing principles and function of this connectivity are not well understood. On the one hand, there appears to be general design constraints governing cortical wiring, as first recognised by Rámon y Cajal's in his laws of conduction, material, and volume conservation. Yet on the other hand, particular patterns of cortical wiring exist to serve specific functions. There is a wide gap in understanding how the response and connectivity properties of a single neuron contribute to emergent network functions such as in detecting perceptually relevant features. Unravelling this intimate causal relationship represents one of the major challenges in neuroscience. This Research Topic will examine progress in understanding cortical wiring principles. This Research Topic aims to draw together recent advances in methods and understanding as well as recent challenges to existing ideas about how cerebral cortex is wired. This is particularly timely because new automated techniques may soon yield huge datasets in need of explanation. Recent studies have, for instance, empirically evaluated Rámon y Cajal's conservation laws for cerebral cortex, while others have shown some unexpected connectivity features that may refine the traditional view of how corticocortical connections are organised with regard to functional representations of auditory, somatosensory and visual cortices. Understanding these data will help improve the fidelity of neural models of cerebral cortical function and take into account the diversity of connections at both micro- and mesoscopic scales not seen at such a depth before.

Cortical Circuits

Author : WHITE
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468487213
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Cortical Circuits by : WHITE

Download or read book Cortical Circuits written by WHITE and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This elegant book presents current evidence on the organization of the mammalian cerebral cortex. The focus on synapses and their function provides the basis for understanding how this critical part of the brain could work. Dr. White and his colleague Dr. Keller have collated an impressive mass of material. This makes the crucial information accessible and coherent. Dr. White pioneered an area of investigation that to most others, and occasionally to himself, seemed a bottomless pit of painstaking at tention to detail for the identification and enumeration of cortical syn apses. I do not recall that he or anyone else suspected, when he began to publish his now classic papers, that the work would be central to an accelerating convergence of information and ideas from neurobiology and computer science, especially artificial intelligence (AI) (Rumelhart and McClelland, 1986). The brain is the principal organ responsible for the adaptive capacities of animals. What has impressed students of biology, of medicine, and, to an extent, of philosophy is the correlation between the prominence of the cerebral cortex and the adaptive "complexity" of a particular spe cies. Most agree that the cortex is what sets Homo sapiens apart from other species quantitatively and qualitatively (Rakic, 1988). This is summarized in the first chapter.

Handbook of Brain Microcircuits

Author : Gordon M. Shepherd
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190636114
Total Pages : 625 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Brain Microcircuits by : Gordon M. Shepherd

Download or read book Handbook of Brain Microcircuits written by Gordon M. Shepherd and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to focus on principles, each chapter in this work is brief, organized around 1-3 wiring diagrams of the key circuits, with several pages of text that distil the functional significance of each microcircuit

Cerebral Cortex

Author : Edmund T. Rolls
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191087742
Total Pages : 1000 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Cerebral Cortex by : Edmund T. Rolls

Download or read book Cerebral Cortex written by Edmund T. Rolls and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-01-26 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to provide insight into the principles of operation of the cerebral cortex. These principles are key to understanding how we, as humans, function. There have been few previous attempts to set out some of the important principles of operation of the cortex, and this book is pioneering. The book goes beyond separate connectional neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, neuroimaging, neuropsychiatric, and computational neuroscience approaches, by combining evidence from all these areas to formulate hypotheses about how and what the cerebral cortex computes. As clear hypotheses are needed in this most important area of 21st century science, how our brains work, I have formulated a set of hypotheses about the principles of cortical operation to guide thinking and future research. The book focusses on the principles of operation of the cerebral cortex, because at this time it is possible to propose and describe many principles, and many are likely to stand the test of time, and provide a foundation for further developments, even if some need to be changed. In this context, I have not attempted to produce an overall theory of operation of the cerebral cortex, because at this stage of our understanding, such a theory would be incorrect or incomplete. However, many of the principles described will provide the foundations for more complete theories of the operation of the cerebral cortex. This book is intended to provide a foundation for future understanding, and it is hoped that future work will develop and add to these principles of operation of the cerebral cortex. The book includes Appendices on the operation of many of the neuronal networks described in the book, together with simulation software written in Matlab.

Ay's Neuroanatomy of C. Elegans for Computation

Author : Theodore B. Achacoso
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780849342349
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Ay's Neuroanatomy of C. Elegans for Computation by : Theodore B. Achacoso

Download or read book Ay's Neuroanatomy of C. Elegans for Computation written by Theodore B. Achacoso and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-11-22 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AY's Neuroanatomy of C. elegans for Computation provides the neural circuitry database of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, both in printed form and in ASCII files on 5.25-inch diskettes (for use on IBM® and compatible personal computers, Macintosh® computers, and higher level machines). Tables of connections among neuron classes, synapses among individual neurons, gap junctions among neurons, worm cells and their embryonic origin, and synthetically derived neuromuscular connections are presented together with the references from which the data were compiled and edited. Sample data files and source codes of FORTRAN and BASIC programs are provided to illustrate the use of mathematical tools for any researcher or student interested in examining a natural neural network and discovering what makes it tick.

Cerebral Cortex

Author : Edmund T. Rolls
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198784856
Total Pages : 979 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Cerebral Cortex by : Edmund T. Rolls

Download or read book Cerebral Cortex written by Edmund T. Rolls and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 979 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides insights into the principles of operation of the cerebral cortex. These principles are key to understanding how we, as humans, function. The book includes Appendices on the operation of many of the neuronal networks described in the book, together with simulation software written in Matlab.

Discovering the Brain

Author : National Academy of Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309045290
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Discovering the Brain by : National Academy of Sciences

Download or read book Discovering the Brain written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."

Principles of Neural Design

Author : Peter Sterling
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262534681
Total Pages : 567 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles of Neural Design by : Peter Sterling

Download or read book Principles of Neural Design written by Peter Sterling and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-06-09 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two distinguished neuroscientists distil general principles from more than a century of scientific study, “reverse engineering” the brain to understand its design. Neuroscience research has exploded, with more than fifty thousand neuroscientists applying increasingly advanced methods. A mountain of new facts and mechanisms has emerged. And yet a principled framework to organize this knowledge has been missing. In this book, Peter Sterling and Simon Laughlin, two leading neuroscientists, strive to fill this gap, outlining a set of organizing principles to explain the whys of neural design that allow the brain to compute so efficiently. Setting out to “reverse engineer” the brain—disassembling it to understand it—Sterling and Laughlin first consider why an animal should need a brain, tracing computational abilities from bacterium to protozoan to worm. They examine bigger brains and the advantages of “anticipatory regulation”; identify constraints on neural design and the need to “nanofy”; and demonstrate the routes to efficiency in an integrated molecular system, phototransduction. They show that the principles of neural design at finer scales and lower levels apply at larger scales and higher levels; describe neural wiring efficiency; and discuss learning as a principle of biological design that includes “save only what is needed.” Sterling and Laughlin avoid speculation about how the brain might work and endeavor to make sense of what is already known. Their distinctive contribution is to gather a coherent set of basic rules and exemplify them across spatial and functional scales.

Evolution of Nervous Systems

Author : Georg F. Striedter
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128040963
Total Pages : 2064 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution of Nervous Systems by : Georg F. Striedter

Download or read book Evolution of Nervous Systems written by Georg F. Striedter and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-11-23 with total page 2064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evolution of Nervous Systems, Second Edition, Four Volume Set is a unique, major reference which offers the gold standard for those interested both in evolution and nervous systems. All biology only makes sense when seen in the light of evolution, and this is especially true for the nervous system. All animals have nervous systems that mediate their behaviors, many of them species specific, yet these nervous systems all evolved from the simple nervous system of a common ancestor. To understand these nervous systems, we need to know how they vary and how this variation emerged in evolution. In the first edition of this important reference work, over 100 distinguished neuroscientists assembled the current state-of-the-art knowledge on how nervous systems have evolved throughout the animal kingdom. This second edition remains rich in detail and broad in scope, outlining the changes in brain and nervous system organization that occurred from the first invertebrates and vertebrates, to present day fishes, reptiles, birds, mammals, and especially primates, including humans. The book also includes wholly new content, fully updating the chapters in the previous edition and offering brand new content on current developments in the field. Each of the volumes has been carefully restructured to offer expanded coverage of non-mammalian taxa, mammals, primates, and the human nervous system. The basic principles of brain evolution are discussed, as are mechanisms of change. The reader can select from chapters on highly specific topics or those that provide an overview of current thinking and approaches, making this an indispensable work for students and researchers alike. Presents a broad range of topics, ranging from genetic control of development in invertebrates, to human cognition, offering a one-stop resource for the evolution of nervous systems throughout the animal kingdom Incorporates the expertise of over 100 outstanding investigators who provide their conclusions in the context of the latest experimental results Presents areas of disagreement and consensus views that provide a holistic view of the subjects under discussion

Brain Theory From A Circuits And Systems Perspective

Author : John Robert Burger
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461464129
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Brain Theory From A Circuits And Systems Perspective by : John Robert Burger

Download or read book Brain Theory From A Circuits And Systems Perspective written by John Robert Burger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-31 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book models an idealized neuron as being driven by basic electrical elements, the goal being to systematically characterize the logical properties of neural pulses. In order to constitute a system, neurons as pulsating devices may be represented using novel circuit elements as delineated in this book. A plausible brain system is implied by the delineated elements and logically follows from known and likely properties of a neuron. New to electrical science are novel pulse-related circuit elements involving recursive neurons. A recursive neuron, when properly excited, produces a self-sustaining pulse train that when sampled, provides a true output with a specified probability, and a false output with complementary probability. Because of its similarity to the qubits of quantum mechanics, the recursive pulsating neuron is termed a simulated qubit. Recursive neurons easily function as controlled toggle devices and so are capable of massively parallel calculations, this being a new dimension in brain functioning as described in this book. Simulated qubits and their possibilities are compared to the qubits of quantum physics. Included in the book are suggested neural circuits for associative memory search via a randomized process of cue selection, and neural circuits for priority calculations. These serve to select returns from long term memory, which in turn determines one's next conscious thought or action based on past memorized experiences. The book reports on proposals involving electron tunneling between synapses, and quantum computations within neurons. Although not a textbook, there are easy exercises at the ends of chapters, and in the appendix there are twelve simulation experiments concerning neurons.

Cortex: Statistics and Geometry of Neuronal Connectivity

Author : Valentino Braitenberg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662037335
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Cortex: Statistics and Geometry of Neuronal Connectivity by : Valentino Braitenberg

Download or read book Cortex: Statistics and Geometry of Neuronal Connectivity written by Valentino Braitenberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By means of quantitative analysis of the tissue components in the cortex of the mouse, this book presents an overall picture of the cortical network which is then related to various theories on cortical function. Centering around the idea of a diffuse network in a fairly homogeneous population of excitatory neurons, that of the pyramidal cells, it shows that the whole organisation in the cortical skeleton of pryramidal cells corresponds well with the idea of an associative memory and with the theory of cell assemblies. Provides the reader with information on quantitative neuroanatomy and also on the methods used, in particular those that vary from the norm.

The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks

Author : Michael A. Arbib
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262011972
Total Pages : 1328 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks by : Michael A. Arbib

Download or read book The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks written by Michael A. Arbib and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 1328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition presents the enormous progress made in recent years in the many subfields related to the two great questions : how does the brain work? and, How can we build intelligent machines? This second edition greatly increases the coverage of models of fundamental neurobiology, cognitive neuroscience, and neural network approaches to language. (Midwest).

Cerebral Cortex

Author : Deepak Pandya
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199970203
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis Cerebral Cortex by : Deepak Pandya

Download or read book Cerebral Cortex written by Deepak Pandya and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-06-29 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cerebral Cortex is a comprehensive and detailed work covering the dual nature of the organization of the architecture and connections of the cerebral cortex. After establishing the evolutionary approach of the cerebral cortex's origin, the authors have systematically analyzed, in detail, the common principle underlying the structure and connections of sensory and motor systems. This important book describes the frontal, limbic, and multimodal association areas, as well as the long fiber pathways in a similar manner. The anatomical investigations have been complimented with current clinical and experimental observations, as well as neuroimaging studies. This unique approach, exploring the underlying principle of the architecture and connections of the cerebral cortex, has previously never been undertaken. In the concluding chapter of the book, the authors have provided the usefulness of such an approach for future investigations. Cerebral Cortex provides extensive illustrations, along with historical references to each sensory, motor and association systems.

Network Approaches to Diseases of the Brain

Author : Matt T. Bianchi
Publisher : Bentham Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1608050173
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Network Approaches to Diseases of the Brain by : Matt T. Bianchi

Download or read book Network Approaches to Diseases of the Brain written by Matt T. Bianchi and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers novel approaches using networks and oscillations and it will serve as a catalyst for translating these exciting advancements into the clinical arena. This collection of articles aims to accelerate the widespread clinical translation of network approaches by providing practical information accessible to clinicians in neurology and psychiatry - fields that are uniquely poised to implement these developments in clinical treatment of brain diseases. It should be a useful resource for researchers and clinicians in neurology and psychiatry.

Reservoir Computing

Author : Kohei Nakajima
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811316872
Total Pages : 463 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Reservoir Computing by : Kohei Nakajima

Download or read book Reservoir Computing written by Kohei Nakajima and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-05 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first comprehensive book about reservoir computing (RC). RC is a powerful and broadly applicable computational framework based on recurrent neural networks. Its advantages lie in small training data set requirements, fast training, inherent memory and high flexibility for various hardware implementations. It originated from computational neuroscience and machine learning but has, in recent years, spread dramatically, and has been introduced into a wide variety of fields, including complex systems science, physics, material science, biological science, quantum machine learning, optical communication systems, and robotics. Reviewing the current state of the art and providing a concise guide to the field, this book introduces readers to its basic concepts, theory, techniques, physical implementations and applications. The book is sub-structured into two major parts: theory and physical implementations. Both parts consist of a compilation of chapters, authored by leading experts in their respective fields. The first part is devoted to theoretical developments of RC, extending the framework from the conventional recurrent neural network context to a more general dynamical systems context. With this broadened perspective, RC is not restricted to the area of machine learning but is being connected to a much wider class of systems. The second part of the book focuses on the utilization of physical dynamical systems as reservoirs, a framework referred to as physical reservoir computing. A variety of physical systems and substrates have already been suggested and used for the implementation of reservoir computing. Among these physical systems which cover a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, are mechanical and optical systems, nanomaterials, spintronics, and quantum many body systems. This book offers a valuable resource for researchers (Ph.D. students and experts alike) and practitioners working in the field of machine learning, artificial intelligence, robotics, neuromorphic computing, complex systems, and physics.

Cerebral Cortex

Author : Philip S. Ulinski
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461549035
Total Pages : 587 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Cerebral Cortex by : Philip S. Ulinski

Download or read book Cerebral Cortex written by Philip S. Ulinski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is devoted to mathematical models of the cortex. Computational models of individual neurons and ensembles of neurons are increasingly used in research on cortical organization and function. This is, in part, because of the now ubiquitous presence of powerful and affordable computers. The volume begins with a short history of models of cortical neurons and circuitry that introduces the principal modeling styles. An attempt has been made throughout the volume to make it accessible to readers with minimal mathematical backgrounds.

The Human Brain E-Book

Author : John Nolte
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323064752
Total Pages : 733 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis The Human Brain E-Book by : John Nolte

Download or read book The Human Brain E-Book written by John Nolte and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2008-09-01 with total page 733 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Already known as the reference of choice for expert coverage on the structure and function of the human brain and the nervous system, Nolte’s The Human Brain continues to impress with essential updates throughout this new edition. It includes a new chapter on formation, modification, and repair of connections, with coverage of learning and memory, as well as the coming revolution of ways to fix damaged nervous systems, trophic factors, stem cells, and more. 550 full-color illustrations—more than 650 in all—support the text and depict every nuance of brain function. But, best of all, your purchase now includes access to Student Consult, including all of the book’s illustrations, video clips, and additional software, plus many other exclusive features at www.studentconsult.com. Features a single-authored approach for a more consistent, readable text. Discusses all key topics in functional neuroanatomy and neuroscience, giving you well-rounded coverage of this complex subject. Includes clinical examples throughout for a real-life perspective. Uses summary statement headings that speed you to the information you need. Presents chapter outlines that encourage you to stay organized and focused. Incorporates 3-dimensional brain images and more than 650 illustrations that add increased visual clarity and a greater understanding of every concept. Includes a glossary of key terms that elucidates every part of the text. Features updates throughout, as well as many new illustrations using the most current neuroimaging techniques, reflecting recent developments and changes in understanding to acquaint you with the very latest knowledge in the field. Discusses the hot topic of neural plasticity in a new chapter on formation, modification, and repair of connections, with coverage of learning and memory, as well as the coming revolution in ways to fix damaged nervous systems, trophic factors, stem cells, and more. Uses chapter outlines, offering you a focused approach to study. Offers unlimited access to the Student Consult, withvideo clips and additional software at www.studentconsult.com, so you can consult it anywhere you go...perform quick searches...add your own notes and bookmarks...follow Integration Links to related bonus content from other Student Consult titles...and reference all of the other Student Consult titles you own online, too—all in one place!