Wage Gaps Hysteresis And Structural Unemployment

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Hysteresis and Business Cycles

Author : Ms.Valerie Cerra
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513536990
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Hysteresis and Business Cycles by : Ms.Valerie Cerra

Download or read book Hysteresis and Business Cycles written by Ms.Valerie Cerra and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-05-29 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, economic growth and business cycles have been treated independently. However, the dependence of GDP levels on its history of shocks, what economists refer to as “hysteresis,” argues for unifying the analysis of growth and cycles. In this paper, we review the recent empirical and theoretical literature that motivate this paradigm shift. The renewed interest in hysteresis has been sparked by the persistence of the Global Financial Crisis and fears of a slow recovery from the Covid-19 crisis. The findings of the recent literature have far-reaching conceptual and policy implications. In recessions, monetary and fiscal policies need to be more active to avoid the permanent scars of a downturn. And in good times, running a high-pressure economy could have permanent positive effects.

The Fading Miracle

Author : Herbert Giersch
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521358699
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (586 download)

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Book Synopsis The Fading Miracle by : Herbert Giersch

Download or read book The Fading Miracle written by Herbert Giersch and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fading Miracle provides a lucid account of economic policy in West Germany from the late 1940s up to the present. First published in hardback in 1992, this paperback edition has been updated to include events since then. The authors describe and evaluate the major policy controversies and decisions, and place particular emphasis on the characteristically German institutions of policy counselling and their role in policy formation. The book will be of interest to students and teachers of economics, and to all those with an interest in the development of the greatest economic power in Europe.

Hysteresis Effects in Economic Models

Author : Wolfgang Franz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642515436
Total Pages : 127 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Hysteresis Effects in Economic Models by : Wolfgang Franz

Download or read book Hysteresis Effects in Economic Models written by Wolfgang Franz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is devoted to the hysteresis phenomenon in economic relationships. This topic has received renewed attention in economics especially in the late eigh ties. Since the issue is not settled there is still a growing literature on it. The aim of this volume is to summarize the findings, present new results, and to draw attention to further research. All papers are written for this volume and are not published elsewhere. I am very grateful to all authors and referees without whose prompt and generous help this volume would not appear in the present form. A short summary of each paper is given in section 5 of the overview paper. Konstanz, January 1990 Wolfgang Franz University of Konstanz Contents Hysteresis in Economic Relationships: An Overview W. Franz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Hysteresis in Trade R. Baldwin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Some Evidence on the Membership Hysteresis Hypothesis in Europe M. C. Burda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Insider-Outsider Influences on Industry Wages D. T. Coe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Testing for Hysteresis in Unemployment An Unobserved Components Approach A. Jaeger and M. Parkinson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Unemployment and Deterioration of Human Capital J. Moller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Hysteresis, Nairn and Long Term Unemployment in Austria P. Neudorfer, K. Pichelmann and M. Wagner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Hysteresis in Economic Relationships: An Overview l By W. Franz Can the socialist man be created so as not to show any hysteresis trace of his bourgois or peasant past? N. Georgescu-Roegen (l971. p. 126) 1 Introduction The hysteresis phenomenon has received renewed attention in economic science.

NBER Macroeconomics Annual 1986

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780262560375
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis NBER Macroeconomics Annual 1986 by :

Download or read book NBER Macroeconomics Annual 1986 written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Unemployment and Labour Market Flexibility

Author : Reija Lilja
Publisher : International Labour Organization
ISBN 13 : 9789221072737
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Unemployment and Labour Market Flexibility by : Reija Lilja

Download or read book Unemployment and Labour Market Flexibility written by Reija Lilja and published by International Labour Organization. This book was released on 1990 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emerging Finnish Model of social labour markets is likely to be a source of growing international interest in the 1990s. This book examines Finland's reputation for economic dynamism and social welfare in the face of the challenges raised by structural adjustment.

The Art of Full Employment

Author : Chris de Neubourg
Publisher : Elsevier Publishing Company
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Art of Full Employment by : Chris de Neubourg

Download or read book The Art of Full Employment written by Chris de Neubourg and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1991 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Full employment policy recommendations are highlighted in this book, based on insights which have been generated in economics for the last 15 years by means of theoretical as well as empirical research. The book consists of two parts; the first part emphasises employment problems in The Netherlands and Belgium, two small open economies which performed badly in the realisation of full employment when compared with other small open economies. The second part of the book adds a broad international dimension to the success (or absence of the success) of the policy in other (open) economies.

Explaining Unemployment in Spain

Author : Mr.Jeffrey R. Franks
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451852576
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis Explaining Unemployment in Spain by : Mr.Jeffrey R. Franks

Download or read book Explaining Unemployment in Spain written by Mr.Jeffrey R. Franks and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1994-09-01 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spain has the most serious and persistent unemployment problem in Europe, with an unemployment rate that reached 24.6 percent in early 1994. This paper explores the characteristics of this unemployment problem, its causes, and provides a brief discussion of recent labor market reform measures and their likely Impact. A demographic shift in recent years has produced a large rise in female labor force participation and a decrease in agricultural jobs to which the economy has been unable to adjust. The effects of generous unemployment benefits and the large underground economy may explain 6–12 percentage points of the resulting unemployment, but the remainder must be explained by failures and rigidities in the labor market. The paper presents econometric evidence that unemployment displays hysteresis, and that wages are not responsive to changes in the unemployment rate. This evidence supports the claim that insider-outsider factors and rigidities in the legal structure of the labor market are responsible for much of the high unemployment rate. Recent reforms have improved the functioning of the labor market, but they are unlikely to be sufficient to reduce unemployment to single digit rates without further action.

Structural Unemployment in Western Europe

Author : Martin Werding
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262232464
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis Structural Unemployment in Western Europe by : Martin Werding

Download or read book Structural Unemployment in Western Europe written by Martin Werding and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading international economists examine the different patterns and long-term trends behind persistent unemployment across Western Europe in light of recent developments in labor market theory. Structural unemployment, or persistently high levels of unemployment that do not follow the ups and downs of a typical business cycle, varies significantly across industrialized countries. In this CESifo volume, leading labor economists analyze the widely diverging patterns of long-term unemployment across Western Europe. Drawing on recent developments in labor market theory and macroeconomics to explain the emergence and persistence of unemployment, the studies look for fundamental explanations and common patterns that might lead to policy solutions.The two opening chapters offer overviews of the problem: European labor market expert Stephen Nickell highlights the unemployment situation in the "Big Four" continental European states of France, Germany, Italy, and Spain, and American economist Edmund S. Phelps focuses on new theoretical approaches that examine institutional factors influencing unemployment in a given country. Following these introductory essays, prominent economists consider the experiences of their home countries, in chapters on Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands, Finland, Ireland, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain. By taking advantage of the richness of research conducted at a national level and making the work accessible to an international audience, this volume contributes to a new understanding of structural unemployment and how it can be overcome through labor market reforms and other economic policy measures. Contributors Torben Andersen, Samuel Bentolila, Norbert Berthold, Guiseppe Bertola, Rainer Fehn, Pietro Garibaldi, Bertil Holmlund, Juan F. Jimeno, Erkki Koskela, Stephen J. Nickell, Jan C. van Ours, Edmund S. Phelps, Jean Pisany-Ferry, Christopher Pissarides, Roope Uusitalo, Brendan Walsh, Martin Werding

The Causes of Structural Unemployment

Author : Thomas Janoski
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0745684130
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis The Causes of Structural Unemployment by : Thomas Janoski

Download or read book The Causes of Structural Unemployment written by Thomas Janoski and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-27 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a specter haunting advanced industrial countries: structural unemployment. Recent years have seen growing concern over declining jobs, and though corporate profits have picked up after the Great Recession of 2008, jobs have not. It is possible that “jobless recoveries” could become a permanent feature of Western economies. This illuminating book focuses on the employment futures of advanced industrial countries, providing readers with the sociological imagination to appreciate the bigger picture of where workers fit in the new international division of labor. The authors piece together a puzzle that reveals deep structural forces underlying unemployment: skills mismatches caused by a shift from manufacturing to service jobs; increased offshoring in search of lower wages; the rise of advanced communication and automated technologies; and the growing financialization of the global economy that aggravates all of these factors. Weaving together varied literatures and data, the authors also consider what actions and policy initiatives societies might take to alleviate these threats. Addressing a problem that should be front and center for political economists and policymakers, this book will be illuminating reading for students of the sociology of work, labor studies, inequality, and economic sociology.

Macroeconomic Causes of Unemployment: Diagnosis and Policy Recommendations /

Author : Wolfgang Filc
Publisher : Duncker & Humblot
ISBN 13 : 9783428497584
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (975 download)

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Book Synopsis Macroeconomic Causes of Unemployment: Diagnosis and Policy Recommendations / by : Wolfgang Filc

Download or read book Macroeconomic Causes of Unemployment: Diagnosis and Policy Recommendations / written by Wolfgang Filc and published by Duncker & Humblot. This book was released on 2015-03-03 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This conference volume deals with one of the most severe economic, social and political problems major European economies face since the early nineties, the problem of lasting high unemployment. Contrary to the current German discussion, solely concentrating on microeconomic explanations and therapy recommendations, this volume presents papers based on various macro-economic points of view, showing different ways out of the employment crisis. Apart from renowned German economists, some well-known international academics participated in the 1998 Berlin symposium, to learn from experience in other countries.The first chapter contains the main standard textbook models and paradigms explaining lasting high unemployment. The question in the second chapter is if it is possible to fight unemployment with the help of macro policy on a purely national basis in the presence of global markets. The third chapter indicates possible effects of misalignments in financial markets on economic growth and employment. The contributions of the fourth chapter present experiences of other countries, which have succeeded in recent years in lowering their unemployment rates. The question at issue is, if these concepts can be transferred to Germany. The topics of the concluding chapter are practical macroeconomic starting points for sustainable employment growth in Europe. The methods contradict supply side arguments for the stabilisation of employment predominant in the German discussion. Attention is focused on relations between the role of monetary and fiscal policy in close conjunction with wage policy. Furthermore it is made evident that in global markets a theoretical macroeconomic concept as a base for sustainable employment is not very promising without enhanced international co-operation. InhaltsverzeichnisInhalt: W. Franz, Macroeconomics and Joblessness: An Introductory Statement - R. Richter, Warum Arbeitslosigkeit? Antworten von Wirtschaftstheoretikern seit Keynes (1936) - J. Priewe, Klassische und keynesianische Arbeitslosigkeit: eine Kritik hybrider Typologien - H.-J. Heinemann, Nationale Beschäftigungspolitik bei globalisierten Märkten? - P. Davidson, Global Macro Policies for Reducing Persistent High Unemployment Rates in OECD Countries - H. Klodt, International Direct Investment: Export of Headquarter Services or Export of Jobs? - A. Juchems / W. Leibfritz, Monetary Conditions and Fiscal Policy. A Comparison over Various Business Cycles and Different Phases of the Business Cycle - P. Winker, Financing Constraints, Output and Employment. Lessons from Theory and Empirical Evidence on the Micro and Macro Level - M. Frömmel / L. Menkhoff, The Informational Efficiency of Financial Markets and Macroeconomic Equilibrium - L. Funk, Labour Market Dynamics in Western Europe and the USA - M. Heise / M. Moersch, Micro and Macro Determinants of Unemployment. A Comparison of Trends in the United States and Germany - A. Heise, Unemployment in Germany and Britain. A Question of Micro-Rigidities or Macro-Obstruction? - D. Hum / W. Simpson / N. Cameron, Reducing Unemployment in an Era of Low Inflationary Expectations to Regain High Employment - A. F. Ott, Effects of a Change in Policy Rules on the Growth of the Economy. Temporary versus Permanent Effects - L. Groot / R. Schettkat, Does Structure jMatter? The Macroeconomics of Unbalanced Growth - E. Nowotny, The Role of Macroeconomic Policy in Overcoming Slow Economic Growth. International Comparisons and Policy Perspectives - C.-L. Holtfrerich, Economic Policy Targeting, Policy Mix and (Un-)Employment - H.-P. Spahn, Central Bankers, Games and Markets. A Critical Assessment of the Microeconomic Optimization Approach in the Theory of Macroeconomic Stabilization - H.-J. Krupp / K. Cabos, The Impact of Monetary Policy on Employment - G. A. Horn, Zur Koordination von Geld- und Lohnpolitik. Eine empirische Analyse für die USA und Deutschland

Wages, Employment, Distribution and Growth

Author : E. Hein
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230371787
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Wages, Employment, Distribution and Growth by : E. Hein

Download or read book Wages, Employment, Distribution and Growth written by E. Hein and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-02-07 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume challenges the view that unemployment is exclusively determined by structural characteristics of the labour market and the social benefit system. Macroeconomic policies and investment in capital stock are included in the analysis and are shown to have a major role to play.

Unemployment, Market Structure and Growth

Author : Rüdiger Wapler
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642558933
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Unemployment, Market Structure and Growth by : Rüdiger Wapler

Download or read book Unemployment, Market Structure and Growth written by Rüdiger Wapler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In his Ph. D. thesis, Rudiger Wapler analyses the causes of the persistently high unemployment rates especially in continental Europe. Particular emphasis is placed on imperfect labour and product markets on the one hand, and on the numerous links between unemployment, innovations and growth on the other. Hence, Rudiger Wapler provides an important contribution towards a better understanding of both the development of labour markets as well as the dynamics of growth. To aid readers with only little prior knowledge of labour markets, the book presents the most common theories of unemployment: (1) trade-union models in which union bargaining power leads to wages above their market-clearing level, (2) efficiency-wage models in which employers voluntarily pay higher wages in order to motivate or discipline their workers or to reduce the job turnover rate, as well as (3) matching models in which unemployment is caused by the continuous turnover of jobs and workers. In addition, emphasis is placed on the fact that labour needs to be treated as heterogeneous, a fact often neg lected in the literature. Subsequently, these labour-market foundations are integrated with modern theories of innovations and growth, making the ap proach much more relevant and plausible. Without doubt, the generalisations of the models performed by Rudiger Wapler show that there are limits to such formal analysis. Due to the increasing number of interdependencies, it is doubtful whether even more complex models provide additional (usable) insights.

The Wage Curve

Author : David G. Blanchflower
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262023757
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (237 download)

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Book Synopsis The Wage Curve by : David G. Blanchflower

Download or read book The Wage Curve written by David G. Blanchflower and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Wage Curve casts doubt on some of the most important ideas in macroeconomics, labor economics, and regional economics. According to macroeconomic orthodoxy, there is a relationship between unemployment and the rate of change of wages. According to orthodoxy in labor economics and regional economics an area's wage is positively related to the amount of joblessness in the area. The Wage Curve suggests that both these beliefs are incorrect. Blanchflower and Oswald argue that the stable relationship is a downward-sloping convex curve linking local unemployment and the level of pay. Their study, one of the most intensive in the history of social science, is based on random samples that provide computerized information on nearly four million people from sixteen countries. Throughout, the authors systematically present evidence and possible explanations for their empirical law of economics.

Economics

Author : Richard G. Lipsey
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199676836
Total Pages : 753 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis Economics by : Richard G. Lipsey

Download or read book Economics written by Richard G. Lipsey and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Written to engage you with real world issues and questions in economics, this book provides up-to-date coverage of the financial crisis and its many subsequent implications, which are vital to understanding today's economic climate. Case studies help you to understand how economics works in practice, and to think critically"--Back cover.

Geographies of Labour Market Inequality

Author : Ron Martin
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134421575
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (344 download)

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Book Synopsis Geographies of Labour Market Inequality by : Ron Martin

Download or read book Geographies of Labour Market Inequality written by Ron Martin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the local dimensions of the labour market have attracted increasing attention from academic analysts and public policy-makers alike. There is growing realization that there is no such thing as the national labour market, instead a mosaic of local and regional markets that differ in nature, performance and regulation. Geographies of Labour Market Inequality is concerned with these multiple geographies of employment, unemployment, work and incomes, and their implications for public policy.

Inflation and Activity – Two Explorations and their Monetary Policy Implications

Author : Mr.Olivier J. Blanchard
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513555839
Total Pages : 29 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Inflation and Activity – Two Explorations and their Monetary Policy Implications by : Mr.Olivier J. Blanchard

Download or read book Inflation and Activity – Two Explorations and their Monetary Policy Implications written by Mr.Olivier J. Blanchard and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We explore two issues triggered by the crisis. First, in most advanced countries, output remains far below the pre-recession trend, suggesting hysteresis. Second, while inflation has decreased, it has decreased less than anticipated, suggesting a breakdown of the relation between inflation and activity. To examine the first, we look at 122 recessions over the past 50 years in 23 countries. We find that a high proportion of them have been followed by lower output or even lower growth. To examine the second, we estimate a Phillips curve relation over the past 50 years for 20 countries. We find that the effect of unemployment on inflation, for given expected inflation, decreased until the early 1990s, but has remained roughly stable since then. We draw implications of our findings for monetary policy.

International Macroeconomics

Author : Victor Argy
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134961766
Total Pages : 678 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (349 download)

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Book Synopsis International Macroeconomics by : Victor Argy

Download or read book International Macroeconomics written by Victor Argy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-01-11 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Macroeconomics: Theory and Policy offers phenomenal coverage across the entire subject of international macroeconoimics in an open economy context. The book has four objectives: * to describe the evolution of and experiences with global exchange rate regimes * to introduce the reader to a rigorous analysis of open economy models * to apply the model framework to address key policy issues * to review individual country experiences of macro policy