Violence And Brutality Under Medieval Christianity A Comparative Analysis Of The First And Sixth Crusades

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Violence and brutality under medieval Christianity. A comparative analysis of the first and sixth crusades

Author : Cornelia Jürgens
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3346484564
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (464 download)

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Book Synopsis Violence and brutality under medieval Christianity. A comparative analysis of the first and sixth crusades by : Cornelia Jürgens

Download or read book Violence and brutality under medieval Christianity. A comparative analysis of the first and sixth crusades written by Cornelia Jürgens and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2021-09-09 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject History of Europe - Middle Ages, Early Modern Age, grade: 8, VU University Amsterdam , language: English, abstract: The Crusades are, despite the fact the first one took place almost thousand years ago, still an often debated topic, both for their historical significance all over Europe and the Near East and for their religious-moral aspect, as well as for their brutality. It is not surprising that these journeys have such a lasting impact on both our memory and historic debate considering their incredible impact and global relevance. This paper explores the question of why the first crusade was so much more violent than the sixth, for which the answer lies in the motivations of involved parties. It is separated into two parts. First,it discusses the events of the first and sixth crusades to prove the first one was especially brutal compared to another, much more peaceful one. This forms the basis of the research question. To answer it, the second part discusses the motivations of different parties involved in the first and sixth crusade. Why did the main figures of the crusades command their people to march to Jerusalem? Why did all these people from different social status, culture and even different religions attack the holy city and murder hundreds of people? Why didn't they two hundred years later? In this chapter, I will focus on pope Urban II, emperor Frederick II and the crusaders themselves.

Crusading Against Christians in the Middle Ages

Author : Mike Carr
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9783031473388
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (733 download)

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Book Synopsis Crusading Against Christians in the Middle Ages by : Mike Carr

Download or read book Crusading Against Christians in the Middle Ages written by Mike Carr and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2024-05-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book-length study into crusading against Christians, examining this complex phenomenon from the twelfth to fifteenth centuries and across numerous regions, from France to Russia and from southern Italy to the Baltic. Whilst the crusades are an immensely popular topic, those launched against Christian rulers and communities have been comparatively overlooked in the past, with existing studies typically focusing on a particular area, period, or campaign. This volume brings together the expertise of thirteen scholars on a variety of primary and secondary sources not often accessible to Anglophone readership, as well as their knowledge of national discourses which have often shaped historiography. It aims to serve as the first port of call for anyone who wishes to approach crusades against Christians within and without the specialism of crusader studies, and to provide the basis for a thorough comparative analysis of this phenomenon, covering its variety as comprehensively as possible.

Holy War, Martyrdom, and Terror

Author : Philippe Buc
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812290976
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Holy War, Martyrdom, and Terror by : Philippe Buc

Download or read book Holy War, Martyrdom, and Terror written by Philippe Buc and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2015-02-24 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Holy War, Martyrdom, and Terror examines the ways that Christian theology has shaped centuries of conflict from the Jewish-Roman War of late antiquity through the First Crusade, the French Revolution, and up to the Iraq War. By isolating one factor among the many forces that converge in war—the essential tenets of Christian theology—Philippe Buc locates continuities in major episodes of violence perpetrated over the course of two millennia. Even in secularized or explicitly non-Christian societies, such as the Soviet Union of the Stalinist purges, social and political projects are tied to religious violence, and religious conceptual structures have influenced the ways violence is imagined, inhibited, perceived, and perpetrated. The patterns that emerge from this sweeping history upend commonplace assumptions about historical violence, while contextualizing and explaining some of its peculiarities. Buc addresses the culturally sanctioned logic that might lead a sane person to kill or die on principle, traces the circuitous reasoning that permits contradictory political actions, such as coercing freedom or pardoning war atrocities, and locates religious faith at the backbone of nationalist conflict. He reflects on the contemporary American ideology of war—one that wages violence in the name of abstract notions such as liberty and world peace and that he reveals to be deeply rooted in biblical notions. A work of extraordinary breadth, Holy War, Martyrdom, and Terror connects the ancient past to the troubled present, showing how religious ideals of sacrifice and purification made violence meaningful throughout history.

Why Europe?

Author : Michael Mitterauer
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226532380
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (265 download)

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Book Synopsis Why Europe? by : Michael Mitterauer

Download or read book Why Europe? written by Michael Mitterauer and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-07-15 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why did capitalism and colonialism arise in Europe and not elsewhere? Why were parliamentarian and democratic forms of government founded there? What factors led to Europe’s unique position in shaping the world? Thoroughly researched and persuasively argued, Why Europe? tackles these classic questions with illuminating results. Michael Mitterauer traces the roots of Europe’s singularity to the medieval era, specifically to developments in agriculture. While most historians have located the beginning of Europe’s special path in the rise of state power in the modern era, Mitterauer establishes its origins in rye and oats. These new crops played a decisive role in remaking the European family, he contends, spurring the rise of individualism and softening the constraints of patriarchy. Mitterauer reaches these conclusions by comparing Europe with other cultures, especially China and the Islamic world, while surveying the most important characteristics of European society as they took shape from the decline of the Roman empire to the invention of the printing press. Along the way, Why Europe? offers up a dazzling series of novel hypotheses to explain the unique evolution of European culture.

The Uses of the Bible in Crusader Sources

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004341218
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis The Uses of the Bible in Crusader Sources by :

Download or read book The Uses of the Bible in Crusader Sources written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2017-05-22 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Uses of the Bible in Crusader Sources seeks to understand the ideology and spirituality of crusading by exploring the biblical imagery and exegetical interpretations that were woven together to form its philosophical basis.

Fighting for Christendom

Author : Christopher Tyerman
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Fighting for Christendom by : Christopher Tyerman

Download or read book Fighting for Christendom written by Christopher Tyerman and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2004 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This insightful portrait of the Crusades illuminates both the rosy myths and the harsh realities of these epic adventures.

Islam Through Western Eyes

Author : Jonathan Lyons
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231158955
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis Islam Through Western Eyes by : Jonathan Lyons

Download or read book Islam Through Western Eyes written by Jonathan Lyons and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2014-01-01 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the West's growing involvement in Muslim societies, conflicts, and cultures, its inability to understand or analyze the Islamic world threatens any prospect for East–West rapprochement. Impelled by one thousand years of anti-Muslim ideas and images, the West has failed to engage in any meaningful or productive way with the world of Islam. Formulated in the medieval halls of the Roman Curia and courts of the European Crusaders and perfected in the newsrooms of Fox News and CNN, this anti-Islamic discourse determines what can and cannot be said about Muslims and their religion, trapping the West in a dangerous, dead-end politics that it cannot afford. In Islam Through Western Eyes, Jonathan Lyons unpacks Western habits of thinking and writing about Islam, conducting a careful analysis of the West's grand totalizing narrative across one thousand years of history. He observes the discourse’s corrosive effects on the social sciences, including sociology, politics, philosophy, theology, international relations, security studies, and human rights scholarship. He follows its influence on research, speeches, political strategy, and government policy, preventing the West from responding effectively to its most significant twenty-first-century challenges: the rise of Islamic power, the emergence of religious violence, and the growing tension between established social values and multicultural rights among Muslim immigrant populations. Through the intellectual "archaeology" of Michel Foucault, Lyons reveals the workings of this discourse and its underlying impact on our social, intellectual, and political lives. He then addresses issues of deep concern to Western readers—Islam and modernity, Islam and violence, and Islam and women—and proposes new ways of thinking about the Western relationship to the Islamic world.

Seven Myths of the Crusades

Author : Alfred J. Andrea
Publisher : Hackett Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1624664059
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (246 download)

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Book Synopsis Seven Myths of the Crusades by : Alfred J. Andrea

Download or read book Seven Myths of the Crusades written by Alfred J. Andrea and published by Hackett Publishing. This book was released on 2015-08-21 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Seven Myths of the Crusades' rebuttal of the persistent and multifarious misconceptions associated with topics including the First Crusade, anti-Judaism and the Crusades, the crusader states, the Children's Crusade, the Templars and past and present Islamic-Christian relations proves, once and for all, that real history is far more fascinating than conspiracy theories, pseudo-history and myth-mongering. This book is a powerful witness to the dangers of the misappropriation and misinterpretation of the past and the false parallels so often drawn between the crusades and later historical events ranging from nineteenth-century colonialism to the protest movements of the 1960s to the events of 9/11. This volume's authors have venerable track records in teaching and researching the crusading movement, and anyone curious about the crusades would do well to start here." —Jessalynn Bird, Dominican University, co-Editor of Crusade and Christendom

Encountering Islam on the First Crusade

Author : Nicholas Morton
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316721027
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (167 download)

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Book Synopsis Encountering Islam on the First Crusade by : Nicholas Morton

Download or read book Encountering Islam on the First Crusade written by Nicholas Morton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-07-14 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The First Crusade (1095–9) has often been characterised as a head-to-head confrontation between the forces of Christianity and Islam. For many, it is the campaign that created a lasting rupture between these two faiths. Nevertheless, is such a characterisation borne out by the sources? Engagingly written and supported by a wealth of evidence, Encountering Islam on the First Crusade offers a major reinterpretation of the crusaders' attitudes towards the Arabic and Turkic peoples they encountered on their journey to Jerusalem. Nicholas Morton considers how they interpreted the new peoples, civilizations and landscapes they encountered; sights for which their former lives in Western Christendom had provided little preparation. Morton offers a varied picture of cross cultural relations, depicting the Near East as an arena in which multiple protagonists were pitted against each other. Some were fighting for supremacy, others for their religion, and many simply for survival.

Muslims of Medieval Latin Christendom, c.1050–1614

Author : Brian A. Catlos
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521889391
Total Pages : 649 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis Muslims of Medieval Latin Christendom, c.1050–1614 by : Brian A. Catlos

Download or read book Muslims of Medieval Latin Christendom, c.1050–1614 written by Brian A. Catlos and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-20 with total page 649 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An innovative study which explores how the presence of Muslim communities transformed Europe and stimulated Christian society to define itself.

The Cambridge World History of Violence

Author : Matthew Gordon
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781107156388
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (563 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge World History of Violence by : Matthew Gordon

Download or read book The Cambridge World History of Violence written by Matthew Gordon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Fighting Words

Author : John Renard
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520274199
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Fighting Words by : John Renard

Download or read book Fighting Words written by John Renard and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the critical issues in interreligious relations today is the connection, both actual and perceived, between sacred sources and the justification of violent acts as divinely mandated. Fighting Words makes solid text-based scholarship accessible to the general public, beginning with the premise that a balanced approach to religious pluralism in our world must build on a measured, well-informed response to the increasingly publicized and sensationalized association of terrorism and large-scale violence with religion. In his introduction, Renard provides background on the major scriptures of seven religious traditions—Jewish, Christian (including both the Old and New Testaments), Islamic, Baha’i, Zoroastrian, Hindu, and Sikh. Eight chapters then explore the interpretation of select facets of these scriptures, focusing on those texts so often claimed, both historically and more recently, as inspiration and justification for every kind of violence, from individual assassination to mass murder. With its nuanced consideration of a complex topic, this book is not merely about the religious sanctioning of violence but also about diverse ways of reading sacred textual sources.

Religious Violence Between Christians and Jews

Author : A. Abulafia
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 140391382X
Total Pages : 205 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis Religious Violence Between Christians and Jews by : A. Abulafia

Download or read book Religious Violence Between Christians and Jews written by A. Abulafia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2001-12-03 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring deep into the history of the conflict between Christians and Jews from medieval to modern times, this wide-ranging volume - which includes newly uncovered material from the recently opened post-Soviet archives - seeks to bring positive understanding to controversial issues of inter-faith confrontation. Here, a number of eminent scholars from around the globe, come together to discuss openly and objectively the dynamics of Jewish creative response in the face of violence. Through the analysis of the histories of both the Christian and Jewish religious traditions, we are brought to an understanding of their relationship as a modern day phenomenon.

Belief and Bloodshed

Author : James K. Wellman
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
ISBN 13 : 0742571343
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Belief and Bloodshed by : James K. Wellman

Download or read book Belief and Bloodshed written by James K. Wellman and published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. This book was released on 2007-02-23 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended for students as well as scholars of religion and violence, Belief and Bloodshed discusses how the relationship between religion and violence is not unique to a post-9/11 world_it has existed throughout all of recorded history and culture. The book makes clear the complex interactions between religion, violence, and politics to show that religion as always innocent or always evil is misguided, and that rationalizations by religion for political power and violence are not new. Chronologically organized, the book shows religiously motivated violence across a variety of historical periods and cultures, moving from the ancient to medieval to the modern world, ending with an essay comparing the speeches of an ancient king to the speeches of the current U.S. President.

The Crusades and the Christian World of the East

Author : Christopher MacEvitt
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 9780812202694
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis The Crusades and the Christian World of the East by : Christopher MacEvitt

Download or read book The Crusades and the Christian World of the East written by Christopher MacEvitt and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2010-11-24 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the wake of Jerusalem's fall in 1099, the crusading armies of western Christians known as the Franks found themselves governing not only Muslims and Jews but also local Christians, whose culture and traditions were a world apart from their own. The crusader-occupied swaths of Syria and Palestine were home to many separate Christian communities: Greek and Syrian Orthodox, Armenians, and other sects with sharp doctrinal differences. How did these disparate groups live together under Frankish rule? In The Crusades and the Christian World of the East, Christopher MacEvitt marshals an impressive array of literary, legal, artistic, and archeological evidence to demonstrate how crusader ideology and religious difference gave rise to a mode of coexistence he calls "rough tolerance." The twelfth-century Frankish rulers of the Levant and their Christian subjects were separated by language, religious practices, and beliefs. Yet western Christians showed little interest in such differences. Franks intermarried with local Christians and shared shrines and churches, but they did not hesitate to use military force against Christian communities. Rough tolerance was unlike other medieval modes of dealing with religious difference, and MacEvitt illuminates the factors that led to this striking divergence. "It is commonplace to discuss the diversity of the Middle East in terms of Muslims, Jews, and Christians," MacEvitt writes, "yet even this simplifies its religious complexity." While most crusade history has focused on Christian-Muslim encounters, MacEvitt offers an often surprising account by examining the intersection of the Middle Eastern and Frankish Christian worlds during the century of the First Crusade.

The Crusades, Christianity, and Islam

Author : Jonathan Riley-Smith
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231146256
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis The Crusades, Christianity, and Islam by : Jonathan Riley-Smith

Download or read book The Crusades, Christianity, and Islam written by Jonathan Riley-Smith and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Claiming that many in the West lack a thorough understanding of crusading, Jonathan Riley-Smith explains why and where the Crusades were fought, identifies their architects, and shows how deeply their language and imagery were embedded in popular Catholic thought and devotional life.

Sanctified Violence

Author : Alfred J. Andrea
Publisher : Hackett Publishing
ISBN 13 : 162466962X
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (246 download)

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Book Synopsis Sanctified Violence by : Alfred J. Andrea

Download or read book Sanctified Violence written by Alfred J. Andrea and published by Hackett Publishing. This book was released on 2021-03-24 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This rich and engaging book looks at instances of sanctified violence, the holy wars related to religion. It covers it all, from ancient to present day, including examples of warfare among Sikhs, Hindus and Buddhists, as well as Christians, Jews and Muslims. It is a comprehensive and readable overview that provides a lively introduction to the subject of holy war in its broadest sense—as ‘sanctified violence’ in the service of a god or ideology. It is certain to be a useful companion in the classroom, and a boon to anyone fascinated by the dark attraction of religion and violence." —Mark Juergensmeyer, University of California, Santa Barbara Contents: Introduction: What Is Holy War? Chapter 1: Holy Wars in Mythic Time, Holy Wars as Metaphor, Holy Wars as RitualChapter 2: Holy Wars of Conquest in the Name of a DeityChapter 3: Holy Wars in Defense of the SacredChapter 4: Holy Wars in Anticipation of the Millennium Epilogue: Holy Wars Today and Tomorrow Also included are a description of the Critical Themes in World History series, Preface, index, and suggestions for further reading.