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Vertical Structures In The Global Liquefied Natural Gas Market
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Book Synopsis Vertical Structures in the Global Liquefied Natural Gas Market by :
Download or read book Vertical Structures in the Global Liquefied Natural Gas Market written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last decade, the global liquefied natural gas (LNG) market altered substantially. Significant investments have been realized, traded volumes increased and contracting structures gained in flexibility. Various governance forms co-exist, including the poles of spot market transactions and vertical integration as well as numerous hybrid forms such as long-term contracts, joint ventures, and strategic partnerships. This dissertation empirically investigates, based on transaction cost economics and recent extensions thereof, which motivations drive companies towards the choice of hierarchical governance forms. First, the likelihood of vertical integration and the impact of inter-organizational trust as a shift parameter accounting for differences in the institutional environment are analyzed. Estimation results confirm transaction cost economics by showing that relationship-specific investments in an uncertain environment drive LNG companies to invest in successive stages along the value chain. Furthermore, the presence of inter-organizational trust increases the likelihood of less hierarchical governance modes. Second, alternative theories of the firm are linked in order to explain the menu of strategic positions recently observed in this dynamic market. Estimation results support the positioning-economizing perspective of the firm. The three strategic choices of target market position, resource profile, and organizational structure are interdependent. Third, the determinants of optimal contract length as a trade-off between the minimization of transaction costs due to repeated bilateral bargaining and the risk of being bound in an inflexible agreement in uncertain environments is discussed. Estimation results show that the presence of high asset specificity results in longer contracts whereas the need for flexibility in today's LNG market supports shorter agreements. When firms have experience in bilateral trading, contract duration decreases. In addition, c.
Book Synopsis Vertical Structures in the Global Liquefied Natural Gas Market by : Sophia Rüster
Download or read book Vertical Structures in the Global Liquefied Natural Gas Market written by Sophia Rüster and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Vertical Integration in the Natural Gas Value Chain by : Svetlana Sailer
Download or read book Vertical Integration in the Natural Gas Value Chain written by Svetlana Sailer and published by . This book was released on 2013-09 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject Economy - Theory of Competition, Competition Policy, grade: 1,7, Technical University of Berlin (Institut fur Volkswirtschaftslehre und Wirtschaftsrecht (IVWR)), course: Infrastruktur- und Wettbewerbspolitik, language: English, abstract: This case study analyses the structure and the corporate strategies of the German and European natural gas sector. It shows the determining factors for companies concerning vertical integration and will explain the main theories why companies do vertical integration or hybrid forms like long-term contracts. Our main hypothesis is that especially uncertainty, asset specificity and high transaction costs can increase vertical integration. Along the value chain of the natural gas industry we will test if these determinants still exist and if there are other determinants for vertical integration. In particular we will have a look on the interface between transport and distribution and as well on the interface between extraction and production. We will test the production cost-, neoclassical- and transaction cost approach on these interfaces. In times of globalization, raising energy demand and energy prizes, the supply with natural gas becomes more and more important. Especially the dependency of Western Europe in general and Germany in particular from foreign exports forces the governments to secure energy supply in cooperation with all market participants. For the period of the last 25 years the structure of natural gas markets worldwide changed significantly in technical, institutional and economic settings. The aim of several liberalization processes in the natural gas market by the German government and the European Union was a creation of competitive markets and breaking up monopolistic (vertically integrated) structures in the natural gas industry. (Neumann, Hirschhausen 2006, p.5) Even though there is still vertical integration taking place and some regional markets are nearly mon
Book Synopsis Building Competitive Gas Markets in the EU by : Jean-Michel Glachant
Download or read book Building Competitive Gas Markets in the EU written by Jean-Michel Glachant and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly unique book focuses on market design issues common to most EU gas markets, particularly in the context of closer integration. It explores in detail the characteristics and requirements of national gas markets in Europe, which are constructed as virtual hubs based on entry/exit schemes as a requirement of European law. The expert contributors analyse gas supply and demand patterns in the EU, showing that both have changed following the introduction of liquefied natural gas on the supply side and the growth of gas-fired power plants on the demand side. The repeated interactions between the transmission operators activity and the gas commodity markets are addressed, as is the design of commercial networks in EU markets. The contributors also question whether the relationship between commercial and physical networks, in terms of the new flexibility requirements of users, actually works. By way of conclusion, two proposals for the EU gas target model are presented, both of which tackle the fundamental issues raised in this book, as well as the organization of short-term transactions and the mechanisms for investment in vital new long-life infrastructure needed to integrate EU markets. This volume will be of great interest to practitioners, as well as academics, researchers and students in the fields of energy economics and industrial economics. Both European and non-European energy companies and regulatory authorities looking for an independent and analytical overview of European gas markets will also find this book to be a highly valuable resource.
Book Synopsis Market Structure, Vertical Integration, and Long Term Contracts in the (partially) Deregulated Natural Gas Industry by : Joseph P. Kalt
Download or read book Market Structure, Vertical Integration, and Long Term Contracts in the (partially) Deregulated Natural Gas Industry written by Joseph P. Kalt and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The World of Liquefied Natural Gas by : Rajeev Mathur
Download or read book The World of Liquefied Natural Gas written by Rajeev Mathur and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Vertical Market Arrangements, Risk-Shifting, and Natural Gas Pipeline Regulation (Classic Reprint) by : Paul R. Carpenter
Download or read book Vertical Market Arrangements, Risk-Shifting, and Natural Gas Pipeline Regulation (Classic Reprint) written by Paul R. Carpenter and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-24 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Vertical Market Arrangements, Risk-Shifting, and Natural Gas Pipeline Regulation While it is not the purpose of this paper to provide a complete analysis of the merits of each of these regulatory alternatives, it does analyze the changing nature of vertical market arrangements in the gas industry in the context of the current regulatory system. In the consideration of any regulatory alternative for the gas industry, the behavior of pipelines under the current regulatory system should be understood. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis The SAGE Encyclopedia of Business Ethics and Society by : Robert W. Kolb
Download or read book The SAGE Encyclopedia of Business Ethics and Society written by Robert W. Kolb and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2018-03-27 with total page 8802 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly revised, updated, and expanded, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Business Ethics and Society, Second Edition explores current topics, such as mass social media, cookies, and cyber-attacks, as well as traditional issues including accounting, discrimination, environmental concerns, and management. The new edition also includes an in-depth examination of current and recent ethical affairs, such as the dangerous work environments of off-shore factories for Western retailers, the negligence resulting in the 2010 BP oil spill, the gender wage gap, the minimum wage debate and increasing income disparity, and the unparalleled level of debt in the U.S. and other countries with the challenges it presents to many societies and the considerable impact on the ethics of intergenerational wealth transfers. Key Features Include: Seven volumes, available in both electronic and print formats, contain more than 1,200 signed entries by significant figures in the field Cross-references and suggestions for further readings to guide students to in-depth resources Thematic Reader's Guide groups related entries by general topics Index allows for thorough browse-and-search capabilities in the electronic edition
Book Synopsis Vertical Market Arrangements, Risk-shifting, and Natural Gas Pipeline Regulation by : Paul R. Carpenter
Download or read book Vertical Market Arrangements, Risk-shifting, and Natural Gas Pipeline Regulation written by Paul R. Carpenter and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Vertical Integration and the Importance of Comprehensive Pipeline Construction Policies in Japan's Natural Gas Industry by : Satoru Hashimoto
Download or read book Vertical Integration and the Importance of Comprehensive Pipeline Construction Policies in Japan's Natural Gas Industry written by Satoru Hashimoto and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan's natural gas industry is reliant on imported liquefied natural gas (LNG) that normally requires regasification prior to consumption. Unbundling of the industry has not been enforced and while some local distribution utilities purchase gas via pipelines that is regasified by the seller, others choose LNG from tanker trucks with subsequent regasification occurring in-house (vertical integration). Estimating the determinants of vertical integration with an empirical transaction cost economics analysis, I deduce the importance of pipeline network plans.
Download or read book Gazprom written by A. Vavilov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-30 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed case study of Gazprom explores motivation behind the company's foreign policies, it's strategies and tactics. It examines the challenges Gazprom faces in the European market and emphasizes the role of politics in Russsia's gas trade.
Book Synopsis Global LNG Market by : Marcin Gałczyński
Download or read book Global LNG Market written by Marcin Gałczyński and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Global Liquefied Natural Gas Market by :
Download or read book The Global Liquefied Natural Gas Market written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis China’s Gas Development Strategies by : Shell International B.V.
Download or read book China’s Gas Development Strategies written by Shell International B.V. and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-23 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book examines how China can increase the share of natural gas in its energy system. China’s energy strategy has global ramifications and impact, and central to this strategy is the country’s transition from coal to gas. The book presents the culmination of a two-year collaboration between the Development Research Center of the State Council (DRC) and Shell. With the Chinese government’s strategic aim to increase the share of gas in the energy mix from 5.8% in 2014 to 10% and 15% in 2020 and 2030 respectively, the book outlines how China can achieve its gas targets. Providing both quantifiable metrics and policy measures for the transition, it is a much needed addition to the literature on Chinese energy policy. The research and the resulting recommendations of this study have fed directly into the Chinese government’s 13th Five-Year Plan, and provide unique insights into the Chinese government and policy-making. Due to its global impact, the book is a valuable resource for policy makers in both China and the rest of the world.
Book Synopsis An Overview of Global Liquefied Natural Gas Markets and Implications for Canada by : Jennifer Winter
Download or read book An Overview of Global Liquefied Natural Gas Markets and Implications for Canada written by Jennifer Winter and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquefied natural gas (LN ...
Book Synopsis Breaking up the Global Value Chain by : Torben Pedersen
Download or read book Breaking up the Global Value Chain written by Torben Pedersen and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2017-08-18 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent developments are challenging the traditional separation between advanced and emerging economies as host of knowledge and production-intensive activities, respectively. Authors assess whether the co-location of R&D and manufacturing is critical for development and innovation.
Book Synopsis Vertical Natural Gas Transportation Capacity, Upstream Commodity Contracts, and EU Competition Law by : Kim Talus
Download or read book Vertical Natural Gas Transportation Capacity, Upstream Commodity Contracts, and EU Competition Law written by Kim Talus and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because the EU depends on a very small number of external suppliers for its natural gas, energy security issues inevitably arise. In theory, competition law should regulate and adjudicate such issues. Yet, because contracts between EU companies and producers are highly sensitive and politically charged, the application of EU competition law to natural gas contracts is far from clear. This important book, drawing on ECJ case law, Commission administrative cases and inquiries, and the full range of relevant legal and economic theory, provides an extremely valuable and detailed study of how EU competition law can be applied to long-term natural gas capacity reservation and commodity contracts. Issues and topics such as the following arise in the course of the analysis: Third Gas Market Directive provisions; Article 102 TFEU cases on strategic under-investment; pre-liberation or "legacy" gas contracts (e.g., with Algeria and Russia); "right of first refusal"; take-or-pay requirement; third-party access; ownership unbundling; effect of elimination of priority access regimes; short-term trading; spot markets; and law and economics of vertical restraints. Focusing on the foreclosing effect of long-term upstream commodity contracts, the author recommends restrictions on the use of capacity reservation contracts, and analyses the efficacy of security of supply as a competition law defence in cases relating to such contracts.
