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Vco Based Quantizers Using Frequency To Digital And Time To Digital Converters
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Book Synopsis VCO-Based Quantizers Using Frequency-to-Digital and Time-to-Digital Converters by : Samantha Yoder
Download or read book VCO-Based Quantizers Using Frequency-to-Digital and Time-to-Digital Converters written by Samantha Yoder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-28 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the concept of voltage-controlled-oscillator (VCO)-based analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Detailed explanation is given of this promising new class of high resolution and low power ADCs, which use time quantization as opposed to traditional analog-based (i.e. voltage) ADCs.
Book Synopsis Design of Power-Efficient Highly Digital Analog-to-Digital Converters for Next-Generation Wireless Communication Systems by : Xinpeng Xing
Download or read book Design of Power-Efficient Highly Digital Analog-to-Digital Converters for Next-Generation Wireless Communication Systems written by Xinpeng Xing and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-04 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses both architecture- and circuit-level design aspects of voltage-controlled-oscillator (VCO)-based analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), especially focusing on mitigation of VCO nonlinearity and the improvement of power efficiency. It shows readers how to develop power-efficient complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) ADCs for applications such as LTE, 802.11n, and VDSL2+. The material covered can also be applied to other specifications and technologies. Design of Power-Efficient Highly Digital Analog-to-Digital Converters for Next-Generation Wireless Communication Systems begins with a general introduction to the applications of an ADC in communications systems and the basic concepts of VCO-based ADCs. The text addresses a wide range of converter architectures including open- and closed-loop technologies. Special attention is paid to the replacement of power-hungry analog blocks with VCO-based circuits and to the mitigation of VCO nonline arity. Various MATLAB®/Simulink® models are provided for important circuit nonidealities, allowing designers and researchers to determine the required specifications for the different building blocks that form the systematic integrated-circuit design procedure. Five different VCO-based ADC design examples are presented, introducing innovations at both architecture and circuit levels. Of these designs, the best power efficiency of a high-bandwidth oversampling ADC is achieved in a 40 nm CMOS demonstration. This book is essential reading material for engineers and researchers working on low-power-analog and mixed-signal design and may be used by instructors teaching advanced courses on the subject. It provides a clear overview and comparison of VCO-based ADC architectures and gives the reader insight into the most important circuit imperfections.
Book Synopsis CMOS Time-Mode Circuits and Systems by : Fei Yuan
Download or read book CMOS Time-Mode Circuits and Systems written by Fei Yuan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time-mode circuits, where information is represented by time difference between digital events, offer a viable and technology-friendly means to realize mixed-mode circuits and systems in nanometer complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies. Various architectures of time-based signal processing and design techniques of CMOS time-mode circuits have emerged; however, an in-depth examination of the principles of time-based signal processing and design techniques of time-mode circuits has not been available—until now. CMOS Time-Mode Circuits and Systems: Fundamentals and Applications is the first book to deliver a comprehensive treatment of CMOS time-mode circuits and systems. Featuring contributions from leading experts, this authoritative text contains a rich collection of literature on time-mode circuits and systems. The book begins by presenting a critical comparison of voltage-mode, current-mode, and time-mode signaling for mixed-mode signal processing and then: Covers the fundamentals of time-mode signal processing, such as voltage-to-time converters, all-digital phase-locked loops, and frequency synthesizers Investigates the performance characteristics, architecture, design techniques, and implementation of time-to-digital converters Discusses time-mode delta-sigma-based analog-to-digital converters, placing a great emphasis on time-mode quantizers Includes a detailed study of ultra-low-power integrated time-mode temperature measurement systems CMOS Time-Mode Circuits and Systems: Fundamentals and Applications provides a valuable reference for circuit design engineers, hardware system engineers, graduate students, and others seeking to master this fast-evolving field.
Book Synopsis Recent Trends in Engineering and Technology (NCRTET-2017) by : Bijoy Kumar Upadhyaya
Download or read book Recent Trends in Engineering and Technology (NCRTET-2017) written by Bijoy Kumar Upadhyaya and published by Allied Publishers. This book was released on 2018-03-05 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After successful organization of the "National Seminar on Energy Science and Engineering, 2013 (NSESE-2013)" during November, 2013, Tripura Institute of Technology, Narsingarh, Tripura (West) has organized the second "National Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering and Technology, 2017 (NCRTET-2017)" during March 17-18, 2017. The seminar aimed to provide an opportunity for academicians and researchers in India to discuss the divergent issues related to recent trends in engineering and technology covering all aspects on one platform so as to critically examine the ongoing/current research and derive directions for future research strategies and policy implications. As a mark of remembrance, a souvenir was published on this occasion. The conference has received enormous response in the form of technical papers and research contributions from various authors across the country. In total, 55 numbers of technical papers related to different engineering domain were accepted for oral presentation. Four invited papers from renowned faculty members of our country were also presented on the occasion. We are also happy to keep our commitment of publishing a conference proceeding with ISBN through a prestigious publisher having all accepted full length papers.
Book Synopsis CHIPS 2020 VOL. 2 by : Bernd Höfflinger
Download or read book CHIPS 2020 VOL. 2 written by Bernd Höfflinger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-19 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The release of this second volume of CHIPS 2020 coincides with the 50th anniversary of Moore’s Law, a critical year marked by the end of the nanometer roadmap and by a significantly reduced annual rise in chip performance. At the same time, we are witnessing a data explosion in the Internet, which is consuming 40% more electrical power every year, leading to fears of a major blackout of the Internet by 2020. The messages of the first CHIPS 2020, published in 2012, concerned the realization of quantum steps for improving the energy efficiency of all chip functions. With this second volume, we review these messages and amplify upon the most promising directions: ultra-low-voltage electronics, nanoscale monolithic 3D integration, relevant-data, brain- and human-vision-inspired processing, and energy harvesting for chip autonomy. The team of authors, enlarged by more world leaders in low-power, monolithic 3D, video, and Silicon brains, presents new vistas in nanoelectronics, promising Moore-like exponential growth sustainable through to the 2030s.
Book Synopsis Sigma-Delta Converters: Practical Design Guide by : Jose M. de la Rosa
Download or read book Sigma-Delta Converters: Practical Design Guide written by Jose M. de la Rosa and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-08-22 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly revised and expanded to help readers systematically increase their knowledge and insight about Sigma-Delta Modulators Sigma-Delta Modulators (SDMs) have become one of the best choices for the implementation of analog/digital interfaces of electronic systems integrated in CMOS technologies. Compared to other kinds of Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs), Σ∆Ms cover one of the widest conversion regions of the resolution-versus-bandwidth plane, being the most efficient solution to digitize signals in an increasingly number of applications, which span from high-resolution low-bandwidth digital audio, sensor interfaces, and instrumentation, to ultra-low power biomedical systems and medium-resolution broadband wireless communications. Following the spirit of its first edition, Sigma-Delta Converters: Practical Design Guide, 2nd Edition takes a comprehensive look at SDMs, their diverse types of architectures, circuit techniques, analysis synthesis methods, and CAD tools, as well as their practical design considerations. It compiles and updates the current research reported on the topic, and explains the multiple trade-offs involved in the whole design flow of Sigma-Delta Modulators—from specifications to chip implementation and characterization. The book follows a top-down approach in order to provide readers with the necessary understanding about recent advances, trends, and challenges in state-of-the-art Σ∆Ms. It makes more emphasis on two key points, which were not treated so deeply in the first edition: It includes a more detailed explanation of Σ∆Ms implemented using Continuous-Time (CT) circuits, going from system-level synthesis to practical circuit limitations. It provides more practical case studies and applications, as well as a deeper description of the synthesis methodologies and CAD tools employed in the design of Σ∆ converters. Sigma-Delta Converters: Practical Design Guide, 2nd Edition serves as an excellent textbook for undergraduate and graduate students in electrical engineering as well as design engineers working on SD data-converters, who are looking for a uniform and self-contained reference in this hot topic. With this goal in mind, and based on the feedback received from readers, the contents have been revised and structured to make this new edition a unique monograph written in a didactical, pedagogical, and intuitive style.
Book Synopsis Multi-Mode / Multi-Band RF Transceivers for Wireless Communications by : Gernot Hueber
Download or read book Multi-Mode / Multi-Band RF Transceivers for Wireless Communications written by Gernot Hueber and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-04-04 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizes cutting-edge physical layer technologies for multi-mode wireless RF transceivers. Includes original contributions from distinguished researchers and professionals. Covers cutting-edge physical layer technologies for multi-mode wireless RF transceivers. Contributors are all leading researchers and professionals in this field.
Author :Vishnu Unnikrishnan Publisher :Linköping University Electronic Press ISBN 13 :9176856240 Total Pages :52 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (768 download)
Book Synopsis Design of VCO-based ADCs by : Vishnu Unnikrishnan
Download or read book Design of VCO-based ADCs written by Vishnu Unnikrishnan and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2017-03-28 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today's complex electronic systems with billions of transistors on a single die are enabled by the aggressive scaling down of the device feature size at an exponential rate as predicted by the Moore's law. Digital circuits benefit from technology scaling to become faster, more energy efficient as well as more area efficient as the feature size is scaled down. Moreover, digital design also benefits from mature CAD tools that simplify the design and cross-technology porting of complex systems, leveraging on a cell-based design methodology. On the other hand, the design of analog circuits is getting increasingly difficult as the feature size scales down into the deep nanometer regime due to a variety of reasons like shrinking voltage headroom, reducing intrinsic gain of the devices, increasing noise coupling between circuit nodes due to shorter distances etc. Furthermore, analog circuits are still largely designed with a full custom design ow that makes their design and porting tedious, slow, and expensive. In this context, it is attractive to consider realizing analog/mixed-signal circuits using standard digital components. This leads to scaling-friendly mixed-signal blocks that can be designed and ported using the existing CAD framework available for digital design. The concept is already being applied to mixed-signal components like frequency synthesizers where all-digital architectures are synthesized using standard cells as basic components. This can be extended to other mixed-signal blocks like digital-to-analog and analog to- digital converters as well, where the latter is of particular interest in this thesis. A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is an attractive architecture to achieve all-digital analog-to digital conversion due to favorable properties like shaping of the quantization error, inherent anti-alias filtering etc. Here a VCO operates as a signal integrator as well as a quantizer. A converter employing a ring oscillator as the VCO lends itself to an all-digital implementation. In this dissertation, we explore the design of VCO-based ADCs synthesized using digital standard cells with the long-term goal of achieving high performance data converters built from low accuracy switch components. In a first step, an ADC is designed using vendor supplied standard cells and fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process. The converter delivers an 8-bit ENOB over a 25 MHz bandwidth while consuming 3.3 mW of power resulting in an energy efficiency of 235 fJ/step (Walden FoM). Then we utilize standard digital CAD tools to synthesize converter designs that are fully described using a hardware description language. A polynomial-based digital post-processing scheme is proposed to correct for the VCO nonlinearity. In addition, pulse modulation schemes like delta modulation and asynchronous sigma-delta modulation are used as a signal pre-coding scheme, in an attempt to reduce the impact of VCO nonlinearity on converter performance. In order to investigate the scaling benefits of all-digital data conversion, a VCO-based converter is designed in a 28 nm CMOS process. The design delivers a 13.4-bit ENOB over a 5 MHz bandwidth achieving an energy efficiency of 4.3 fJ/step according to post-synthesis schematic simulation, indicating that such converters have the potential of achieving good performance in deeply scaled processes by exploiting scaling benefits. Furthermore, large conversion errors caused by non-ideal sampling of the oscillator phase are studied. An encoding scheme employing ones counters is proposed to code the sampled ring oscillator output into a number, which is resilient to a class of sampling induced errors modeled by temporal reordering of the transitions in the ring. The proposed encoding reduces the largest error caused by random reordering of up to six subsequent bits in the sampled signal from 31 to 2 LSBs. Finally, the impact of process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations on the performance while operating the converter from a subthreshold supply is investigated. PVT-adaptive solutions are suggested as a means to achieve energy-efficient operation over a wide range of PVT conditions.
Book Synopsis Analog-to-Digital Conversion by : Marcel J.M. Pelgrom
Download or read book Analog-to-Digital Conversion written by Marcel J.M. Pelgrom and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-15 with total page 1033 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook is appropriate for use in graduate-level curricula in analog-to-digital conversion, as well as for practicing engineers in need of a state-of-the-art reference on data converters. It discusses various analog-to-digital conversion principles, including sampling, quantization, reference generation, Nyquist architectures and sigma-delta modulation. This book presents an overview of the state-of-the-art in this field and focuses on issues of optimizing accuracy and speed, while reducing the power level. This new, fourth edition emphasizes novel calibration concepts, the specific requirements of systems, the consequences of advanced technology and the need for a more statistical approach to accuracy. Pedagogical enhancements to this edition include additional, new exercises, solved examples to introduce all key, new concepts and warnings, remarks and hints, from a practitioner's perspective, wherever appropriate. Considerable background information and practical tips, from designing a PCB, to lay-out aspects, to trade-offs on system level, complement the discussion of basic principles, making this book a valuable reference for the experienced engineer.
Book Synopsis CMOS Sigma-Delta Converters by : Jose M. de la Rosa
Download or read book CMOS Sigma-Delta Converters written by Jose M. de la Rosa and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of Sigma-Delta Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) and a practical guide to their design in nano-scale CMOS for optimal performance. This book presents a systematic and comprehensive compilation of sigma-delta converter operating principles, the new advances in architectures and circuits, design methodologies and practical considerations − going from system-level specifications to silicon integration, packaging and measurements, with emphasis on nanometer CMOS implementation. The book emphasizes practical design issues – from high-level behavioural modelling in MATLAB/SIMULINK, to circuit-level implementation in Cadence Design FrameWork II. As well as being a comprehensive reference to the theory, the book is also unique in that it gives special importance on practical issues, giving a detailed description of the different steps that constitute the whole design flow of sigma-delta ADCs. The book begins with an introductory survey of sigma-delta modulators, their fundamentals architectures and synthesis methods covered in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2, the effect of main circuit error mechanisms is analysed, providing the necessary understanding of the main practical issues affecting the performance of sigma-delta modulators. The knowledge derived from the first two chapters is presented in the book as an essential part of the systematic top-down/bottom-up synthesis methodology of sigma-delta modulators described in Chapter 3, where a time-domain behavioural simulator named SIMSIDES is described and applied to the high-level design and verification of sigma-delta ADCs. Chapter 4 moves farther down from system-level to the circuit and physical level, providing a number of design recommendations and practical recipes to complete the design flow of sigma-delta modulators. To conclude the book, Chapter 5 gives an overview of the state-of-the-art sigma-delta ADCs, which are exhaustively analysed in order to extract practical design guidelines and to identify the incoming trends, design challenges as well as practical solutions proposed by cutting-edge designs. Offers a complete survey of sigma-delta modulator architectures from fundamentals to state-of-the art topologies, considering both switched-capacitor and continuous-time circuit implementations Gives a systematic analysis and practical design guide of sigma-delta modulators, from a top-down/bottom-up perspective, including mathematical models and analytical procedures, behavioural modeling in MATLAB/SIMULINK, macromodeling, and circuit-level implementation in Cadence Design FrameWork II, chip prototyping, and experimental characterization. Systematic compilation of cutting-edge sigma-delta modulators Complete description of SIMSIDES, a time-domain behavioural simulator implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK Plenty of examples, case studies, and simulation test benches, covering the different stages of the design flow of sigma-delta modulators A number of electronic resources, including SIMSIDES, the statistical data used in the state-of-the-art survey, as well as many design examples and test benches are hosted on a companion website Essential reading for Researchers and electronics engineering practitioners interested in the design of high-performance data converters integrated in nanometer CMOS technologies; mixed-signal designers.
Book Synopsis Data Converters, Phase-Locked Loops, and Their Applications by : Tertulien Ndjountche
Download or read book Data Converters, Phase-Locked Loops, and Their Applications written by Tertulien Ndjountche and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-06 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a focus on designing and verifying CMOS analog integrated circuits, the book reviews design techniques for mixed-signal building blocks, such as Nyquist and oversampling data converters, and circuits for signal generation, synthesis, and recovery. The text details all aspects, from specifications to the final circuit, of the design of digital-to-analog converters, analog-to-digital converters, phase-locked loops, delay-locked loops, high-speed input/output link transceivers, and class D amplifiers. Special emphasis is put on calibration methods that can be used to compensate circuit errors due to device mismatches and semiconductor process variations. Gives an overview of data converters, phase- and delay-locked loop architectures, highlighting basic operation and design trade-offs. Focus on circuit analysis methods useful to meet requirements for a high-speed and power-efficient operation. Outlines design challenges of analog integrated circuits using state-of-the-art CMOS processes. Presents design methodologies to optimize circuit performance on both transistor and architectural levels. Includes open-ended circuit design case studies.
Book Synopsis Extreme Low-Power Mixed Signal IC Design by : Armin Tajalli
Download or read book Extreme Low-Power Mixed Signal IC Design written by Armin Tajalli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-14 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design exibility and power consumption in addition to the cost, have always been the most important issues in design of integrated circuits (ICs), and are the main concerns of this research, as well. Energy Consumptions: Power dissipation (P ) and energy consumption are - diss pecially importantwhen there is a limited amountof power budgetor limited source of energy. Very common examples are portable systems where the battery life time depends on system power consumption. Many different techniques have been - veloped to reduce or manage the circuit power consumption in this type of systems. Ultra-low power (ULP) applications are another examples where power dissipation is the primary design issue. In such applications, the power budget is so restricted that very special circuit and system level design techniquesare needed to satisfy the requirements. Circuits employed in applications such as wireless sensor networks (WSN), wearable battery powered systems [1], and implantable circuits for biol- ical applications need to consume very low amount of power such that the entire system can survive for a very long time without the need for changingor recharging battery[2–4]. Using newpowersupplytechniquessuchas energyharvesting[5]and printable batteries [6], is another reason for reducing power dissipation. Devel- ing special design techniques for implementing low power circuits [7–9], as well as dynamic power management (DPM) schemes [10] are the two main approaches to control the system power consumption. Design Flexibility: Design exibility is the other important issue in modern in- grated systems.
Book Synopsis Time-to-Digital Converters by : Stephan Henzler
Download or read book Time-to-Digital Converters written by Stephan Henzler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Micro-electronics and so integrated circuit design are heavily driven by technology scaling. The main engine of scaling is an increased system performance at reduced manufacturing cost (per system). In most systems digital circuits dominate with respect to die area and functional complexity. Digital building blocks take full - vantage of reduced device geometries in terms of area, power per functionality, and switching speed. On the other hand, analog circuits rely not on the fast transition speed between a few discrete states but fairly on the actual shape of the trans- tor characteristic. Technology scaling continuously degrades these characteristics with respect to analog performance parameters like output resistance or intrinsic gain. Below the 100 nm technology node the design of analog and mixed-signal circuits becomes perceptibly more dif cult. This is particularly true for low supply voltages near to 1V or below. The result is not only an increased design effort but also a growing power consumption. The area shrinks considerably less than p- dicted by the digital scaling factor. Obviously, both effects are contradictory to the original goal of scaling. However, digital circuits become faster, smaller, and less power hungry. The fast switching transitions reduce the susceptibility to noise, e. g. icker noise in the transistors. There are also a few drawbacks like the generation of power supply noise or the lack of power supply rejection.
Book Synopsis Time-encoding VCO-ADCs for Integrated Systems-on-Chip by : Georges Gielen
Download or read book Time-encoding VCO-ADCs for Integrated Systems-on-Chip written by Georges Gielen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-01 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demonstrates why highly-digital CMOS time-encoding analog-to-digital converters incorporating voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) and time-to-digital converters (TDCs) are a good alternative to traditional switched-capacitor S-D modulators for power-efficient sensor, biomedical and communications applications. The authors describe the theoretical foundations and design methodology of such time-based ADCs from the basics to the latest developments. While most analog designers might notice some resemblance to PLL design, the book clearly highlights the differences to standard PLL circuit design and illustrates the design methodology with practical circuit design examples. Describes in detail the design methodology for CMOS time-encoding analog-to-digital converters that can be integrated along with digital logic in a nanometer System on Chip; Assists analog designers with the necessary change in design paradigm, highlighting differences between designing time-based ADCs and traditional analog circuits like switched-capacitor converters and PLLs; Uses a highly-visual, tutorial approach to the topic, including many practical examples of techniques introduced.
Book Synopsis Continuous-Time Sigma-Delta A/D Conversion by : Friedel Gerfers
Download or read book Continuous-Time Sigma-Delta A/D Conversion written by Friedel Gerfers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-27 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sigma-delta A/D converters are a key building block in wireless and multimedia applications. This comprehensive book deals with all relevant aspects arising during the analysis, design and simulation of the now widespread continuous-time implementations of sigma-delta modulators. The results of several years of research by the authors in the field of CT sigma-delta modulators are covered, including the analysis and modeling of different CT modulator architectures, CT/DT loop filter synthesis, a detailed error analysis of all components, and possible compensation/correction schemes for the non-ideal behavior in CT sigma-delta modulators. Guidance for obtaining low-power consumption and several practical implementations are also presented. It is shown that all the proposed new theories, architectures and possible correction techniques have been confirmed by measurements on discrete or integrated circuits. Quantitative results are also provided, thus enabling prediction of the resulting accuracy.
Book Synopsis Pll Performance, Simulation and Design by : Dean Banerjee
Download or read book Pll Performance, Simulation and Design written by Dean Banerjee and published by Dog Ear Publishing. This book was released on 2006-08 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended for the reader who wishes to gain a solid understanding of Phase Locked Loop architectures and their applications. It provides a unique balance between both theoretical perspectives and practical design trade-offs. Engineers faced with real world design problems will find this book to be a valuable reference providing example implementations, the underlying equations that describe synthesizer behavior, and measured results that will improve confidence that the equations are a reliable predictor of system behavior. New material in the Fourth Edition includes partially integrated loop filter implementations, voltage controlled oscillators, and modulation using the PLL.
Book Synopsis Continuous-Time Delta-Sigma Modulators for High-Speed A/D Conversion by : James A. Cherry
Download or read book Continuous-Time Delta-Sigma Modulators for High-Speed A/D Conversion written by James A. Cherry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-18 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among analog-to-digital converters, the delta-sigma modulator has cornered the market on high to very high resolution converters at moderate speeds, with typical applications such as digital audio and instrumentation. Interest has recently increased in delta-sigma circuits built with a continuous-time loop filter rather than the more common switched-capacitor approach. Continuous-time delta-sigma modulators offer less noisy virtual ground nodes at the input, inherent protection against signal aliasing, and the potential to use a physical rather than an electrical integrator in the first stage for novel applications like accelerometers and magnetic flux sensors. More significantly, they relax settling time restrictions so that modulator clock rates can be raised. This opens the possibility of wideband (1 MHz or more) converters, possibly for use in radio applications at an intermediate frequency so that one or more stages of mixing might be done in the digital domain. Continuous-Time Delta-Sigma Modulators for High-Speed A/D Conversion: Theory, Practice and Fundamental Performance Limits covers all aspects of continuous-time delta-sigma modulator design, with particular emphasis on design for high clock speeds. The authors explain the ideal design of such modulators in terms of the well-understood discrete-time modulator design problem and provide design examples in Matlab. They also cover commonly-encountered non-idealities in continuous-time modulators and how they degrade performance, plus a wealth of material on the main problems (feedback path delays, clock jitter, and quantizer metastability) in very high-speed designs and how to avoid them. They also give a concrete design procedure for a real high-speed circuit which illustrates the tradeoffs in the selection of key parameters. Detailed circuit diagrams, simulation results and test results for an integrated continuous-time 4 GHz band-pass modulator for A/D conversion of 1 GHz analog signals are also presented. Continuous-Time Delta-Sigma Modulators for High-Speed A/D Conversion: Theory, Practice and Fundamental Performance Limits concludes with some promising modulator architectures and a list of the challenges that remain in this exciting field.
