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Utility Of Microbial Source Tracking Markers For Assessing Fecal Contamination In The Portage River Watershed Northwestern Ohio 2008
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Book Synopsis Utility of Microbial Source-tracking Markers for Assessing Fecal Contamination in the Portage River Watershed, Northwestern Ohio, 2008 by : Christopher M. Kephart
Download or read book Utility of Microbial Source-tracking Markers for Assessing Fecal Contamination in the Portage River Watershed, Northwestern Ohio, 2008 written by Christopher M. Kephart and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Use of Spatial Sampling and Microbial Source-tracking Tools for Understanding Fecal Contamination at Two Lake Erie Beaches by :
Download or read book Use of Spatial Sampling and Microbial Source-tracking Tools for Understanding Fecal Contamination at Two Lake Erie Beaches written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessing Human Fecal Contamination in a Mixed-Use Watershed Using Microbial Source Tracking by : Jonathan M. Honey
Download or read book Assessing Human Fecal Contamination in a Mixed-Use Watershed Using Microbial Source Tracking written by Jonathan M. Honey and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Colorado Water written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scope of [Colorado Water] is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the research universities in the state.
Author :Jorge W. Santo Domingo Publisher :Emerging Issues in Food Safety ISBN 13 :9781555813741 Total Pages :285 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (137 download)
Book Synopsis Microbial Source Tracking by : Jorge W. Santo Domingo
Download or read book Microbial Source Tracking written by Jorge W. Santo Domingo and published by Emerging Issues in Food Safety. This book was released on 2007 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a state-of-the-art review of the current technology and applications being utilized to identify sources of fecal contamination in waterways. - Serves as a useful reference for researchers in the food industry, especially scientists investigating etiological agents responsible for food contamination. - Provides background information on MST methods and the assumptions and limitations associated with their use. - Covers a broad range of topics related to MST, including environmental monitoring, public health and national security, population biology, and microbial ecology. - Offers valuable insights into future research directions and technology developments.
Book Synopsis Evaluation and Performance of Rapid Methods for Identifying and Tracking Sources of Fecal Pollution in Coastal Watersheds by : Vanessa Thulsiraj
Download or read book Evaluation and Performance of Rapid Methods for Identifying and Tracking Sources of Fecal Pollution in Coastal Watersheds written by Vanessa Thulsiraj and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fecal contamination of coastal waters is known to degrade the environment and poses a health risk to recreational beach users. Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) are used around the world to assess water quality and characterize fecal contamination. Elevated levels of FIB have been linked to health risks in epidemiological studies. However, some limitations exist with this indicator. FIB cannot be used to identify the specific sources as they originate from both human and animal sources. FIB may also persist and regrow in the environment. In order to effectively remediate the cause of pollution and characterize the hazards at chronically impaired beaches it is necessary to measure indicators that can provide information about the sources of the general fecal pollution. Tracking pollution sources at impaired beaches is critical to ensuring the health of coastal watersheds and reducing the incidence of swimming related illness. Molecular methods have gained popularity to identify and detect sources of fecal contamination using host-associated markers. The work presented here addresses areas warranting further research in the state of the science of water quality monitoring. In Chapter 2, we demonstrate that host-associated markers exhibit similar limits of detection in different water types and are robust in environmental field applications. Additionally, we provide a cost-benefit analysis and provide water quality managers with information supporting the inclusion of molecular methods in current monitoring practices. This body of work also presents novel methods for rapid and viability-based detection of recent fecal contamination with propidium monoazide (PMA-qPCR) and a field portable method covalently-linked IMS/ATP technique (Cov-IMS/ATP). In Chapters 3 and 4, we present results on optimization and specificity of the Cov-IMS/ATP. We evaluated the performance of Cov-IMS/ATP at three different watersheds for rapid quantification of enterococci, and show this method to be a robust tool in assessing water quality at complex sites. This work also addresses drawbacks of traditional qPCR to quantify viable fecal contamination. We validate the PMA-qPCR method and demonstrate its performance in detecting recent fecal contamination in environmental waters. Use of these methods demonstrates a new framework that can enhance current microbial source tracking studies and water quality monitoring.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Selected DNA-based Technology in Impaired Watersheds Impacted by Fecal Contamination from Diverse Sources by : Marirosa Molina
Download or read book Evaluation of Selected DNA-based Technology in Impaired Watersheds Impacted by Fecal Contamination from Diverse Sources written by Marirosa Molina and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fecal pollution of surface waters is a top reason for impairment, as reported in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's report on the quality of the Nations waters. To be able to develop and implement TMDLs for impaired aquatic resources, it is imperative to determine the sources of the contamination. One tool used to determine the sources of bacterial fecal contamination is to apply a microbial source tracking approach to the system of interest. Microbial source tracking (MST) approaches are based on the assumption that specific strains of bacteria, genetic fingerprints, or DNA-based markers are associated with specific host species. Because accurate source identification of fecal contamination is essential in MST, more sensitive, selective and reliable molecular markers are required. The two types of genotypic methods that have been applied widely in a variety of environments can be classified as library-independent (LI) and library-dependent (LD). For both types, the temporal and spatial stability of selected genotypes are aspects that need to be evaluated, and these aspects are often times missing when applying MST to environmental samples. LD-MST methods require the development of large databases comprised of source-specific isolates. Once a source-specific fingerprint has been identified, the temporal and spatial variability of that particular genotype still needs to be validated. LI-MST is based on the application of culture-independent methods such as amplification of DNA from environmental samples using 16S rDNA markers in combination with polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Book Synopsis Discrimination of Human and Non-human Fecal Sources with Rapid Methods in Coastal Waters and Sediments by : Amity Gayle Zimmer-Faust
Download or read book Discrimination of Human and Non-human Fecal Sources with Rapid Methods in Coastal Waters and Sediments written by Amity Gayle Zimmer-Faust and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial contamination in coastal waters is an important public health and economic problem worldwide. It is common for the sources as well as the environmental fate and transport of fecal contamination in recreational waters to be unknown making it difficult to mitigate the input and to understand the relative health risk associated with a given water body. A comprehensive understanding of sources and bacterial dynamics is needed for effective mitigation and management of microbial contaminants. The main objectives of this study were to identify sources of fecal contamination to a chronically impaired Southern California watershed, to demonstrate applicability of microbial source tracking (MST) tools, including source-specific markers for discrimination of human and non-human sources, to evaluate the fate of fecal contaminates in coastal sediments, and to develop and optimize immunomagnetic separation/adenosine triphosphate (IMS/ATP) assays for rapid enumeration of viable fecal contamination. A three-year MST study was conducted to help explain elevated levels of surfzone fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) at Topanga State Beach, a critically impaired Southern California Beach. This study investigated sources of FIB to the Topanga watershed and the applicability of using MST technology longer time scales. MST markers effectively elucidated temporal and seasonal trends in fecal bacterial levels, and dog and gull marker appeared to be a significant sources to Topanga lagoon and Topanga State Beach. However, a lack of correlation between FIB and marker measurements was noted, and dog marker and FIB levels did not covary when compared at different Southern California beaches. Sediments were found to play an important and variable role in environmental fate of MST markers and FIB. Variable decay was observed for different indicators and in different sediments, with differences noted even within one watershed. The human HF183 marker was useful for providing evidence of recent inputs of human fecal contamination and behaved similarly to the molecular marker for Campylobacter (qCAMP) and FIB in brackish sediments. The general Bacteroides (GB3) and enterococci (ENT1A) markers were more conservative and under certain circumstances had comparable decay to culturable FIB. Application of a suite of markers may be necessary for effective evaluation of sediment fecal bacterial levels. Moreover, differences were observed between relative decay amongst the different sediments tested, illustrating the need for more routine sediment monitoring. IMS/ATP assays provided useful information regarding fecal contamination levels and measurements made had a consistent relationship with measurements made by standard methods. IMS/ATP utilizes paramagnetic beds and target-specific antibodies to isolate target organisms. Following isolation, adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) is extracted from the target population and quantified. The Cov-IMS/ATP method rapidly measured viable enterococci in complex surface waters, providing a useful eld tool for assessment of coastal water quality and for identi cation of hot spots of fecal contamination. An inversely-coupled (Inv-IMS/ATP) assay for detection of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was developed and applied for rapid detection of human-associated fecal contamination. The Inv-IMS/ATP assay yielded measurements of viable B. thetaiotaomicron that were comparable to the HF183 human marker in complex source waters impacted with both wastewater and runoff, and the Inv-IMS/ATP assay was able to effectively differentiate between surface waters impacted with adequately and inadequately treated wastewater. IMS/ATP assays show promise for rapid evaluation of recreational water quality in areas where access to more expensive methods is limited and in areas where water quality is unpredictable. This research highlights the difficulties and complexities associated with effective tracking and management of microbial contaminates in the coastal environment. Additional research evaluating relative aging of molecular markers and relative contributions from different sources is needed to fully interpret field-based source marker data. Sediments were shown to have an important and variable role in fate of fecal contaminants in the environment. Additional studies are needed evaluating how watershed models can most effectively be adapted to include a sediment compartment and how different sources of fecal contamination and source markers decay in sediments with variable characteristics. IMS/ATP assays showed promise and can be successfully applied in complex waters for rapid enumeration of viable fecal contamination; additional verification of assay performance is needed at complex sites impacted with multiple sources.
Book Synopsis Workshop on Microbial Source Tracking in Water by : Paul A. Rochelle
Download or read book Workshop on Microbial Source Tracking in Water written by Paul A. Rochelle and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2006-07-31 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The drinking water and wastewater industries are interested in developing a better understanding of sources of fecal contamination. Microbial source tracking (MST) offers the potential to apportion the contribution of various animal groups to this contamination. However, while there are many methods available there is no clear indication as to the most appropriate approach. There has been little systematic comparison of methods and only a few blind trials, and issues of reproducibility, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, resolution, and robustness need to be addressed. There is confusion among potential end-users and some disagreement among scientists. Therefore, due to the uncertainty surrounding the most appropriate tools and applications of MST, a workshop of 45 experts representing water and wastewater utilities, academia, state and federal government agencies, medical institutions, and private laboratories was convened in San Antonio, Texas over a three-day period (February 16 – 18, 2005). The overall objective of the workshop was to identify the knowledge gaps and research needs for application of MST technologies by the wastewater and drinking water industries.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of a Novel Microbial Source Tracking Method for the Identification of Fecal Contamination in the Fresh Produce Production Environment by : Kruti Dilip Ravaliya
Download or read book Evaluation of a Novel Microbial Source Tracking Method for the Identification of Fecal Contamination in the Fresh Produce Production Environment written by Kruti Dilip Ravaliya and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Use of Bacteroides Genetic Markers to Identify Microbial Sources in Natural Water by : Leila Kabiri-Badr
Download or read book The Use of Bacteroides Genetic Markers to Identify Microbial Sources in Natural Water written by Leila Kabiri-Badr and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water quality in surface water is frequently degraded by fecal contamination from human and animal sources, imposing negative implications for recreational water use and public safety. For this reason it is critical to identify the source of fecal contamination in bodies of water in order to take proper corrective actions for controlling fecal pollution. Bacteroides genetic markers have been widely used to differentiate human from other sources of fecal bacteria in water. The results of this study indicate that many assays currently used to detect human-specific Bacteroides produce false positive results in the presence of freshwater fish. To further characterize Bacteroides from fish and human, the fecal samples were cultured, speciated, and identified. As a result, forty six new Bacteroides 16S rRNA gene sequences have been deposited to the NCBI database. These sequences, along with selected animal fecal sample Bacteroides, were aligned against human B. volgatus, B. fragilis, and B. dorei to identify multi-segmented variable regions within the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The collected sequences were truncated and used to construct a cladogram, showing a clear separation between human B. dorei and Bacteroides from other sources. A proposed strategy for source tracking was field tested by collecting water samples from central AZ source water and three different recreational ponds. PCR using HF134 and HF183 primer sets were performed and sequences for positive reactions were then aligned against human Bacteroides to identify the source of contamination. For the samples testing positive using the HF183 primer set (8/13), fecal contamination was determined to be from human sources. To confirm the results, PCR products were sequenced and aligned against the four variable regions and incorporated within the truncated cladogram. As expected, the sequences from water samples with human fecal contamination grouped within the human clade. As an outcome of this study, a tool box strategy for Bacteroides source identification relying on PCR amplification, variable region analysis, human-specific Bacteroides PCR assays, and subsequent truncated cladogram grouping analysis has been developed. The proposed strategy offers a new method for microbial source tracking and provides step-wise methodology essential for identifying sources of fecal pollution.
Book Synopsis Using Microbial Source Tracking to Identify Fecal Contamination Sources in an Embayment in Hempstead Harbor on Long Island, New York by : Tristen N. Tagliaferri
Download or read book Using Microbial Source Tracking to Identify Fecal Contamination Sources in an Embayment in Hempstead Harbor on Long Island, New York written by Tristen N. Tagliaferri and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Microbial Source Tracking of Human and Animal Waste Pollution of Diverse Watersheds and of Urban Drainage Systems Using Molecular Methods by : Michael O'Neil Ryan
Download or read book Microbial Source Tracking of Human and Animal Waste Pollution of Diverse Watersheds and of Urban Drainage Systems Using Molecular Methods written by Michael O'Neil Ryan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advisors: Prof. Charles N. Haas. L.D. Betz.
Book Synopsis Quantitative Microbial Source Tracking Using Bacteroidales as Fecal Source Identifier by : Dan Wang
Download or read book Quantitative Microbial Source Tracking Using Bacteroidales as Fecal Source Identifier written by Dan Wang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fecal pollution is a primary concern for recreational water bodies in US. The current water quality criteria are based on the cultivability of fecal indicator bacteria like E. coli and enterococci. These indicators are ubiquitous in the digestive tract of warm-blooded animals but are also known to persist and even multiply in the environment given favorable conditions. Hence their presence does not provide information on the sources of fecal contamination. In the past decade microbial source tracking (MST), the research area that uses host-specific microbes to identify the sources of fecal pollution, has undergone rapid development. A brief historical overview is provided in Chapter 1 and state-of-the art methods are presented and analyzed in Chapter 2. Quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based MST methods have been widely used for two reasons: they can detect both cultivable and uncultivable microbes and their process time is shorter comparing to other MST methods. The results from qPCR reactions need to be further processed to achieve quantitative MST because of analytical complications caused by the environmental water matrix. Two of the most important aspects will be addressed in Chapters 3 and 4. Chapter 3 attempts to solve the imperfect specificity and sensitivity of the qPCR assays with a statistical procedure that evaluates the impact of false positive/negative information. Chapter 4 addresses the inaccuracy in qPCR data analysis caused by the high noise signal and inconsistent amplification efficiency frequently seen in environmental water samples. Corrective measures are proposed to improve the accuracy of estimated DNA concentrations.
Book Synopsis Use of Host-specific Molecular Markers in Fecal Source Tracking by : Sarah Strawberry Silkie
Download or read book Use of Host-specific Molecular Markers in Fecal Source Tracking written by Sarah Strawberry Silkie and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Determining the Source of Fecal Pollution in Urban Streams Through Microbial Source Tracking by : Anna Marie Scopp
Download or read book Determining the Source of Fecal Pollution in Urban Streams Through Microbial Source Tracking written by Anna Marie Scopp and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessment of Bacterial Source Tracking Using Rep-PCR and Callification Method for Identification of Fecal Contamination by : John M. Albert
Download or read book Assessment of Bacterial Source Tracking Using Rep-PCR and Callification Method for Identification of Fecal Contamination written by John M. Albert and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
