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Using Finite Element Structural Analysis To Study Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markers
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Book Synopsis Using Finite Element Structural Analysis to Study Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markers by : Jiaxin Tong
Download or read book Using Finite Element Structural Analysis to Study Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markers written by Jiaxin Tong and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis investigates the stress inside Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markers (RRPMs) under tire-marker impact and laboratory testing scenarios. Many RRPMs have poor durability although they meet certain standards of the existing laboratory tests. It has been suspected that the current testing procedures might not be adequate to decide the field performance of RRPMs. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the existing laboratory testing procedures and develop additional ones that could simulate the field performance of RRPMs more accurately. The tire-marker impact on rigid and flexible pavement will be investigated to identify the critical locations and magnitudes of stress inside markers during the impact. Various external factors, such as tire loading, tire speed, contact angle and contact location, might have effects on the stress inside markers during the impact and be considered as critical factors when developing a laboratory test. On the other hand, RRPMs have different profiles in terms of height, lens slope, and size etc, which affect the structure and field performance as well. The study explores the stress inside markers during the impact by varying the external factors and marker profile. In addition, the interface forces between RRPMs and pavement surface will be studied. Furthermore, the tire-marker impact simulation on rigid and flexible pavement will be compared so that specific testing procedures can be distinguished based on pavement type. Finally, the existing laboratory tests will be examined and additional tests be recommended based on the tire-marker impact analysis. The researcher found that the critical compressive stress is produced at the top edges of the markers on both types of pavement, while the patterns of critical tensile stress can be different between the two types of pavement. In addition, tire loading and contact location were determined to have effect on the stress inside the markers. Furthermore, different loading rates should be used in laboratory test based on pavement type. Finally, the researcher evaluated four laboratory tests and found that each test has its merit but none of them can test RRPMs comprehensively, so it is recommended that the four tests are used together to test RRPMs.
Book Synopsis Using Finite Element Analysis of Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markers to Recommend Testing Procedures for Simulating Their Field Performance by : Ravi Prakash Agrawal
Download or read book Using Finite Element Analysis of Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markers to Recommend Testing Procedures for Simulating Their Field Performance written by Ravi Prakash Agrawal and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markers (RRPMs) supplement other pavement markings to provide guidance to road users. Previous research concerning durability of the RRPMs suggests that their performance has been degrading over the years. One of the main causes for underperformance of the RRPMs is the lack of appropriate laboratory testing standards that can test the adequacy of the RRPMs to perform in field conditions. There is a need to modify the existing standards or develop new testing procedures that can better simulate field conditions. This requires identifying critical locations and magnitudes of stresses inside the markers during the tire-marker impacts that happen on roads. The goal of this research was to identify critical magnitudes and locations of the stresses in RRPMs during the tire-marker impacts by doing the finite element modeling and simulation of the impacts, and use the information to recommend laboratory testing procedures that could simulate real-world conditions. The researcher modeled and simulated the tire-marker impacts using the finite element tools Hypermesh and LS-DYNA. He calibrated the material properties of the marker models to improve the tire-marker model. Based on the tire-marker impact simulations, the researcher concluded that the critical compressive stresses during impacts are located at the edge contacts of retroreflective sides with the top surface. The critical stresses may also occur at lower and upper corners of the marker. The other areas, especially the lower half of the marker, had tensile stresses. Angle of impact was found to be a critical external variable that affected the stresses inside the markers and the marker-pavement interface forces. The researcher then modeled and simulated a few laboratory-testing procedures that could simulate the field performance of the RRPMs. Based on these simulations, the researcher recommended that the ASTM compression test for evaluation of RRPMs be continued or a similar test be developed. He suggested development of one new test (named as offset compression test) that could better replicate the field conditions. He also recommended having a review of the ASTM flexural test.
Book Synopsis Development of Measures to Improve Field Performance of Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markers by :
Download or read book Development of Measures to Improve Field Performance of Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markers written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Retroreflective raised pavement markers (RRPMs) are routinely used in Texas to supplement highway pavement markings. In recent years, problems of marker failure such as poor retention on pavements, physical damage, and loss of retroreflectivity are common. All marker models used in Texas meet the requirements set by American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) specifications. However, their performance varies significantly. The results from existing testing methods also do not correlate with field performance. It is therefore critical to identify or develop new lab testing methods that can accurately predict marker performance in the field. This report presents the research conducted over the three-year period to develop new lab tests that can predict marker field performance. Four field test decks were installed and monitored. Retroreflectivity and physical condition data were collected on six selected RRPM models at four deck locations that were selected based on traffic condition, pavement surface type, geographic and other environmental factors. Currently recommended ASTM tests, modified ASTM tests, and other new lab tests were conducted. Finite element modeling (FEM) of RRPMs under tire-marker impact and lab setting testing was also conducted. The marker performances from the test decks, under lab tests, and in simulation are compared. Based on the results of comparisons, a new lab test that best correlates with the field performance of the RRPMs is recommended.
Book Synopsis A Finite Element Method for the Performance Analysis of Flexible Pavements by : Kuo-Hung Tseng
Download or read book A Finite Element Method for the Performance Analysis of Flexible Pavements written by Kuo-Hung Tseng and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Structural Analysis Computer Programs for Rigid Multicomponent Pavement Structures with Discontinuities--WESLIQID and WESLAYER by : Yu T. Chou
Download or read book Structural Analysis Computer Programs for Rigid Multicomponent Pavement Structures with Discontinuities--WESLIQID and WESLAYER written by Yu T. Chou and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was conducted to develop finite element computer programs to calculate stresses and deflections in rigid multicomponent pavements with cracks and joints, as well as in the supporting subgrade soil, subjected to loads and temperature warping. This report is presented as a user's manual for the WESLAYER program, which deals with pavements on layered elastic solids. The pavement can have full or partial loss of subgrade support over designated regions of the pavements. Multiple-wheel loads can be used in the computation and the number of wheels is not limited. Because of large storage space needed and long computer time required to obtain solutions, the program is limited to only a two-slab system. The nature of the computer program and its program logic are first delineated, followed by a general discussion on the efficient and correct use of the program. An input guide to the computer program is presented with a detailed explanation for each input variable. Example problems with input data and output printouts are presented. (Author).
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Uniform Vehicle Code and Model Traffic Ordinance by : National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances
Download or read book Uniform Vehicle Code and Model Traffic Ordinance written by National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :European Conference of Ministers of Transport Publisher :OECD Publishing ISBN 13 :9282103781 Total Pages :286 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (821 download)
Book Synopsis Speed Management by : European Conference of Ministers of Transport
Download or read book Speed Management written by European Conference of Ministers of Transport and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2006-10-13 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speeding is the number one road safety problem in a large number of OECD/ECMT countries. It is responsible for around one third of the current, unacceptably high levels of road fatalities. Speeding has an impact not only on accidents but also on the ...
Book Synopsis Eco-efficient Pavement Construction Materials by : Fernando Pacheco-Torgal
Download or read book Eco-efficient Pavement Construction Materials written by Fernando Pacheco-Torgal and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-01-18 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eco-efficient Pavement Construction Materials acquaints engineers with research findings on new eco-efficient pavement materials and how they can be incorporated into future pavements. Divided into three distinctive parts, the book emphasizes current research topics such as pavements with recycled waste, pavements for climate change mitigation, self-healing pavements, and pavements with energy harvesting potential. Part One considers techniques for recycling, Part Two reviews the contribution of pavements for climate change mitigation, including cool pavements, the development of new coatings for high albedo targets, and the design of pervious pavements. Finally, Part Three focuses on self-healing pavements, addressing novel materials and design and performance. Finally, the book discusses the case of pavements with energy harvesting potential, addressing different technologies on this field. Offers a clear and concise lifecycle assessment of asphalt pavement recycling for greenhouse gas emission with temporal aspects Applies key research trends to green the pavement industry Includes techniques for recycling waste materials, the design of cool pavements, self-healing mechanisms, and key steps in energy harvesting
Book Synopsis Material Parameter Identification and Inverse Problems in Soft Tissue Biomechanics by : Stéphane Avril
Download or read book Material Parameter Identification and Inverse Problems in Soft Tissue Biomechanics written by Stéphane Avril and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-12 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The articles in this book review hybrid experimental-computational methods applied to soft tissues which have been developed by worldwide specialists in the field. People developing computational models of soft tissues and organs will find solutions for calibrating the material parameters of their models; people performing tests on soft tissues will learn what to extract from the data and how to use these data for their models and people worried about the complexity of the biomechanical behavior of soft tissues will find relevant approaches to address this complexity.
Book Synopsis Recent Advances and Future Trends in Pavement Engineering by : Patricia Kara de Maeijer
Download or read book Recent Advances and Future Trends in Pavement Engineering written by Patricia Kara de Maeijer and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2020-08-13 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue "Recent Advances and Future Trends in Pavement Engineering" was proposed and organized to present recent developments in the field of innovative pavement materials and engineering. The 12 articles and state-of-the-art reviews highlighted in this editorial are related to different aspects of pavement engineering, from recycled asphalt pavements to alkali-activated materials, from hot mix asphalt concrete to porous asphalt concrete, from interface bonding to modal analysis, and from destructive testing to non-destructive pavement monitoring by using fiber optics sensors. This Special Issue partly provides an overview of current innovative pavement engineering ideas that have the potential to be implemented in industry in the future, covering some recent developments.
Book Synopsis Civil Engineer's Reference Book by : L S Blake
Download or read book Civil Engineer's Reference Book written by L S Blake and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-03-21 with total page 1242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After an examination of fundamental theories as applied to civil engineering, authoritative coverage is included on design practice for certain materials and specific structures and applications. A particular feature is the incorporation of chapters on construction and site practice, including contract management and control.
Book Synopsis Organic Materials in Civil Engineering by : Yves Mouton
Download or read book Organic Materials in Civil Engineering written by Yves Mouton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-01 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an inventory of organic materials and products, the major components of all civil engineering projects, in terms of their scientific and technical background, including the regulations that cover their use and their predicted useful life. Such materials include: bitumen on the roads; geotextiles for retaining walls; membranes for bridges; tunnel and reservoir waterproofing; paint binders to protect metallic and concrete structures or to create road markings; injection resins; gluing products; concrete admixtures; and composite materials. The presentation is based on a physicochemical approach, which is essential if these products are to be considered as part of sustainable development: as such, those studying or working in these fields will find this an invaluable source of information.
Book Synopsis Government Reports Annual Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sections 1-2. Keyword Index.--Section 3. Personal author index.--Section 4. Corporate author index.-- Section 5. Contract/grant number index, NTIS order/report number index 1-E.--Section 6. NTIS order/report number index F-Z.
Book Synopsis Transportation in an Aging Society by :
Download or read book Transportation in an Aging Society written by and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2004 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Creating Autonomous Vehicle Systems by : Shaoshan Liu
Download or read book Creating Autonomous Vehicle Systems written by Shaoshan Liu and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2017-10-25 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first technical overview of autonomous vehicles written for a general computing and engineering audience. The authors share their practical experiences of creating autonomous vehicle systems. These systems are complex, consisting of three major subsystems: (1) algorithms for localization, perception, and planning and control; (2) client systems, such as the robotics operating system and hardware platform; and (3) the cloud platform, which includes data storage, simulation, high-definition (HD) mapping, and deep learning model training. The algorithm subsystem extracts meaningful information from sensor raw data to understand its environment and make decisions about its actions. The client subsystem integrates these algorithms to meet real-time and reliability requirements. The cloud platform provides offline computing and storage capabilities for autonomous vehicles. Using the cloud platform, we are able to test new algorithms and update the HD map—plus, train better recognition, tracking, and decision models. This book consists of nine chapters. Chapter 1 provides an overview of autonomous vehicle systems; Chapter 2 focuses on localization technologies; Chapter 3 discusses traditional techniques used for perception; Chapter 4 discusses deep learning based techniques for perception; Chapter 5 introduces the planning and control sub-system, especially prediction and routing technologies; Chapter 6 focuses on motion planning and feedback control of the planning and control subsystem; Chapter 7 introduces reinforcement learning-based planning and control; Chapter 8 delves into the details of client systems design; and Chapter 9 provides the details of cloud platforms for autonomous driving. This book should be useful to students, researchers, and practitioners alike. Whether you are an undergraduate or a graduate student interested in autonomous driving, you will find herein a comprehensive overview of the whole autonomous vehicle technology stack. If you are an autonomous driving practitioner, the many practical techniques introduced in this book will be of interest to you. Researchers will also find plenty of references for an effective, deeper exploration of the various technologies.
Book Synopsis Government Reports Annual Index: Keyword A-L by :
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index: Keyword A-L written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 1260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
