Understanding The Risk Of Chinas Local Government Debts And Its Linkage With Property Markets

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Understanding the Risk of China's Local Government Debts and Its Linkage with Property Markets

Author : Brent W. Ambrose
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding the Risk of China's Local Government Debts and Its Linkage with Property Markets by : Brent W. Ambrose

Download or read book Understanding the Risk of China's Local Government Debts and Its Linkage with Property Markets written by Brent W. Ambrose and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike local governments in western countries, local Chinese governments are prevented from directly issuing debt to fund mandated capital projects. As a result of recent fiscal stresses and restrictions placed on local governments, China has developed a unique funding source, known as Local Government-Backed Investment Units (LGBIUs), that allow local governments to obtain capital necessary to fund large-scale infrastructure investments. However, unlike traditional municipal debt in western countries, the Chinese investment units are not able to use tax revenues to fund coupon or principal payments. Thus, local governments tap into the growing housing market by selling public land to fund the investment units coupon and principal payments. As a result of this unique mixing of local governmental fiscal policies with local housing markets, a substantial drop in housing or land prices may increase the risk level of local government debt, or even trigger a systematic default. We present an analysis of the risk associated with these bonds and demonstrate that local housing price risk is priced in the bond yield spreads.

China's Local Government Bond Market

Author : W. Raphael Lam
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484379128
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)

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Book Synopsis China's Local Government Bond Market by : W. Raphael Lam

Download or read book China's Local Government Bond Market written by W. Raphael Lam and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-10-01 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Local governments play a significant role in China’s public finance and fiscal operations. The size of local government debt has grown rapidly over the past years, exceeding the stock of sovereign debt in China. How does this development compare to other countries and what policies can foster the sound development of the bond markets? This paper finds that despite its rapid growth, the local government bond market is still underdeveloped. Severe impediments—low liquidity, weak credit discipline, structural fiscal deficit in local governments—have become more visible. Reforms to develop a sound local government bond market should harmonize tax and regulations, build liquidity, and advance fiscal reforms to tighten off-budget borrowing and address intergovernmental imbalances.

Local Government Financing Platforms in China

Author : Yinqiu Lu
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1475536933
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)

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Book Synopsis Local Government Financing Platforms in China by : Yinqiu Lu

Download or read book Local Government Financing Platforms in China written by Yinqiu Lu and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-12-16 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China’s rapid credit expansion in 2009–10 brought local government financing platforms (LGFPs) into the spotlight. This paper discusses their function, reasons behind their recent expansion, and risks they are posing to the financial sector, local governments, and sovereign balance sheet. This paper argues that LGFPs were a fortune for China in the past, but would turn out to be a misfortune if the causes of the rapid expansion of LGFPs are not addressed promptly. In this context, the paper proposes ways to avoid misfortune by: acknowledging and addressing the revenue and expenditure mismatches at the local government level; establishing a comprehensive framework to regulate and supervise local government budgets; ensuring the sustainability of the financial resources obtained from the sale of land use rights; and developing local government bond markets and promoting financial reforms.

Local Government Financing Platforms in China: A Fortune or Misfortune?

Author : MissYinqiu Lu
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484335902
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)

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Book Synopsis Local Government Financing Platforms in China: A Fortune or Misfortune? by : MissYinqiu Lu

Download or read book Local Government Financing Platforms in China: A Fortune or Misfortune? written by MissYinqiu Lu and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-12-16 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China’s rapid credit expansion in 2009–10 brought local government financing platforms (LGFPs) into the spotlight. This paper discusses their function, reasons behind their recent expansion, and risks they are posing to the financial sector, local governments, and sovereign balance sheet. This paper argues that LGFPs were a fortune for China in the past, but would turn out to be a misfortune if the causes of the rapid expansion of LGFPs are not addressed promptly. In this context, the paper proposes ways to avoid misfortune by: acknowledging and addressing the revenue and expenditure mismatches at the local government level; establishing a comprehensive framework to regulate and supervise local government budgets; ensuring the sustainability of the financial resources obtained from the sale of land use rights; and developing local government bond markets and promoting financial reforms.

The Great Wall of Debt

Author : Andrew Ang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis The Great Wall of Debt by : Andrew Ang

Download or read book The Great Wall of Debt written by Andrew Ang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chengtou bond is the soli asset with market prices that can capture the funding cost of Chinese local government debt. In contrast to the U.S. municipal bonds, Chengtou bonds are issued by private corporations but implicitly guaranteed by the local hence central governments, which are reflected by novel risk characteristics -- real estate GDP and political risk. One standard deviation increase in local real estate GDP (political risk) corresponds to 10 (9) basis points decrease (increase) in bond yields, respectively. However, conditional on political risk, real estate GDP actually increases bond yields, suggesting that only local governments with low political risk can enjoy the low funding costs driven by high real estate growth.

Fiscal Vulnerabilities and Risks from Local Government Finance in China

Author : Ms.Yuanyan Sophia Zhang
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484349954
Total Pages : 29 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)

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Book Synopsis Fiscal Vulnerabilities and Risks from Local Government Finance in China by : Ms.Yuanyan Sophia Zhang

Download or read book Fiscal Vulnerabilities and Risks from Local Government Finance in China written by Ms.Yuanyan Sophia Zhang and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China weathered the global financial crisis better than most, thanks to a large and timely stimulus. This stimulus, however, was mainly in the form of off-budget infrastructure spending and thus not visible in the headline fiscal data. We construct a time series for the augmented fiscal deficit and debt—augmented to include off-budget activity—that better illustrates the counter-cyclical role of fiscal policy. The results also show that the augmented fiscal deficit and debt are both considerably higher than the headline government data suggest. Nonetheless, at around 45 percent of GDP, the augmented debt is still at a manageable level.

Chinese Debt Capital Markets: An Emerging Global Market With Chinese Characteristics

Author : Xuebin Chen
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9811280371
Total Pages : 778 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Chinese Debt Capital Markets: An Emerging Global Market With Chinese Characteristics by : Xuebin Chen

Download or read book Chinese Debt Capital Markets: An Emerging Global Market With Chinese Characteristics written by Xuebin Chen and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2024-01-23 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the deepening of China's reform and opening up, and the sustained development of the Chinese economy, the Chinese bond market has become an important player in the global bond market. As at the end of 2022, the custodial balance of the Chinese bond market reached RMB14.48 trillion, ranking second in the world and the largest bond market in Asia. As a maturing emerging market in the world, the Chinese bond market not only follows the general rules of global bond markets, but also has some of its own characteristics. To make effective investments and financing in this market, a comprehensive and profound understanding of the market is required.This book is the result of a joint research project 'Function, Structure, and Development of China's Debt Capital Market,' supported by the China National Natural Science Foundation and the Economic and Social Research Council of the United Kingdom. It includes contributions by professors, associate professors, and postgraduates from Fudan University and the London School of Economics. From the perspectives of institutional framework, market functions, market structure, and market development, the book provides a systematic and in-depth analysis and exploration of the macro-effects, microstructure, local government bond market, corporate bond market, debt derivatives market, and market supervision and regulation of the Chinese credit bond market. It is an important reference for international investors and researchers to gain a deep understanding of the evolution of the fundamental institutional framework, structure, and functions of the Chinese credit bond market.

On the China's Local Government Debt Risk

Author : Qiao Yu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis On the China's Local Government Debt Risk by : Qiao Yu

Download or read book On the China's Local Government Debt Risk written by Qiao Yu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper, the formation, scale and constitution of China's local government debt are discussed. The status of various assets available for repayment is thoroughly analysed, including fiscal revenue, government fund revenue, state-owned enterprise profit, state-owned enterprise net assets, state-owned non-operating assets and resource assets. The conclusion is that local governments have a low risk of insolvency; however, due to the mismatching of assets and liabilities, which comes from the low efficiency of investing, there is a certain risk concerning liquidity and payment indeed. The root cause as well as solutions and management of local government debt are also studied, such as, improving the transparency of local debt, implementing of quantitative debt indicators, and establishing the relevant laws to control debt quota. Local government debt risk can be countered by assets securitization, "sell and rent", public-private partnerships (PPP), etc.

The Law of China's Local Government Debt Crisis

Author : Donald C. Clarke
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 65 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis The Law of China's Local Government Debt Crisis by : Donald C. Clarke

Download or read book The Law of China's Local Government Debt Crisis written by Donald C. Clarke and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Local government financing vehicles (“LGFVs”) -- companies capitalized and owned by local government and established for the purpose of raising funds for municipal infrastructure construction -- emerged in China in the 1980s as a response to the severe constraints on indebtedness by local governments themselves. The mushrooming of their number and indebtedness has sparked fears about their ability to repay the debt and the consequences of a default. In addition to taking on bank debt, a number of LGFVs have also issued bonds. While observers have questioned the value of collateral typically offered as security for the bonds, we know of no extensive analysis to date of the legal quality of the collateral: what exactly are the bondholders being promised, and what is the status of those promises in the Chinese legal system? This article is an attempt to answer that question, using data from two hand-collected samples of LGFV bond prospectuses from different regions in China in two different time periods. We find that current collateralization practices vary a great deal across bond issues and have changed over time, and discuss the legal and other problems attendant upon each type of backup. Remarkably, we find that unlike our initial sample of bond issues, recent bond issues virtually all state explicitly in the prospectus that they carry no security. Thus, the popular image of local governments wildly overpromising with guarantees they are not legally empowered to give seems, at least as far as recent bond issues are concerned, to be wholly wrong. This in turn calls into question the figures commonly provided for local government debt, since they often include LGFV debt that local government is neither legally nor morally obligated to pay. To be sure, they may wish to pay creditors voluntarily, but it is misleading to label as “debt” soft obligations of this nature. Creditors who have tried to force local governments to make good on their guarantees have uniformly failed, at most receiving half of what they sought. The argument that local governments have some politically enforceable obligation to pay on their guarantees does not seem supported by the evidence.

NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2015

Author : Martin Eichenbaum
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022639574X
Total Pages : 517 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)

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Book Synopsis NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2015 by : Martin Eichenbaum

Download or read book NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2015 written by Martin Eichenbaum and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2016-06-22 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This year, the NBER Macroeconomics Annual celebrates its thirtieth volume. The first two papers examine China’s macroeconomic development. “Trends and Cycles in China's Macroeconomy” by Chun Chang, Kaiji Chen, Daniel F. Waggoner, and Tao Zha outlines the key characteristics of growth and business cycles in China. “Demystifying the Chinese Housing Boom” by Hanming Fang, Quanlin Gu, Wei Xiong, and Li-An Zhou constructs a new house price index, showing that Chinese house prices have grown by ten percent per year over the past decade. The third paper, “External and Public Debt Crises” by Cristina Arellano, Andrew Atkeson, and Mark Wright, asks why there appear to be large differences across countries and subnational jurisdictions in the effect of rising public debts on economic outcomes. The fourth, “Networks and the Macroeconomy: An Empirical Exploration” by Daron Acemoglu, Ufuk Akcigit, and William Kerr, explains how the network structure of the US economy propagates the effect of gross output productivity shocks across upstream and downstream sectors. The fifth and sixth papers investigate the usefulness of surveys of household’s beliefs for understanding economic phenomena. “Expectations and Investment,” by Nicola Gennaioli, Yueran Ma, and Andrei Shleifer, demonstrates that a chief financial officer's expectations of a firm's future earnings growth is related to both the planned and actual future investment of that firm. “Declining Desire to Work and Downward Trends in Unemployment and Participation” by Regis Barnichon and Andrew Figura shows that an increasing number of prime-age Americans who are not in the labor force report no desire to work and that this decline accelerated during the second half of the 1990s.

Research Handbook on Asian Financial Law

Author : Douglas W. Arner
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1788972201
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (889 download)

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Book Synopsis Research Handbook on Asian Financial Law by : Douglas W. Arner

Download or read book Research Handbook on Asian Financial Law written by Douglas W. Arner and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2020-01-31 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive Research Handbook provides an in-depth analysis of the different financial law approaches, legal systems and trends throughout Asia. It considers how reforms following the crises have been critical for the development and growth of the region and explores a broad range of post-crisis financial regulatory issues. This timely book also examines how inconsistent and divergent approaches to financial market regulation are curtailing the region’s potential.

Resolving China’s Corporate Debt Problem

Author : Wojciech Maliszewski
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1475545282
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)

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Book Synopsis Resolving China’s Corporate Debt Problem by : Wojciech Maliszewski

Download or read book Resolving China’s Corporate Debt Problem written by Wojciech Maliszewski and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corporate credit growth in China has been excessive in recent years. This credit boom is related to the large increase in investment after the Global Financial Crisis. Investment efficiency has fallen and the financial performance of corporates has deteriorated steadily, affecting asset quality in financial institutions. The corporate debt problem should be addressed urgently with a comprehensive strategy. Key elements should include identifying companies in financial difficulties, proactively recognizing losses in the financial system, burden sharing, corporate restructuring and governance reform, hardening budget constraints, and facilitating market entry. A proactive strategy would trade off short-term economic pain for larger longer-term gain.

Rethinking China's Local Government Debt in the Frame of Modern Money Theory

Author : Zengping He
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Rethinking China's Local Government Debt in the Frame of Modern Money Theory by : Zengping He

Download or read book Rethinking China's Local Government Debt in the Frame of Modern Money Theory written by Zengping He and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Handbook of China's Financial System

Author : Marlene Amstad
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691205841
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis The Handbook of China's Financial System by : Marlene Amstad

Download or read book The Handbook of China's Financial System written by Marlene Amstad and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-17 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, in-depth, and authoritative guide to China's financial system The Chinese economy is one of the most important in the world, and its success is driven in large part by its financial system. Though closely scrutinized, this system is poorly understood and vastly different than those in the West. The Handbook of China’s Financial System will serve as a standard reference guide and invaluable resource to the workings of this critical institution. The handbook looks in depth at the central aspects of the system, including banking, bonds, the stock market, asset management, the pension system, and financial technology. Each chapter is written by leading experts in the field, and the contributors represent a unique mix of scholars and policymakers, many with firsthand knowledge of setting and carrying out Chinese financial policy. The first authoritative volume on China’s financial system, this handbook sheds new light on how it developed, how it works, and the prospects and direction of significant reforms to come. Contributors include Franklin Allen, Marlene Amstad, Kaiji Chen, Tuo Deng, Hanming Fang, Jin Feng, Tingting Ge, Kai Guo, Zhiguo He, Yiping Huang, Zhaojun Huang, Ningxin Jiang, Wenxi Jiang, Chang Liu, Jun Ma, Yanliang Mao, Fan Qi, Jun Qian, Chenyu Shan, Guofeng Sun, Xuan Tian, Chu Wang, Cong Wang, Tao Wang, Wei Xiong, Yi Xiong, Tao Zha, Bohui Zhang, Tianyu Zhang, Zhiwei Zhang, Ye Zhao, and Julie Lei Zhu.

The SAGE Handbook of Contemporary China

Author : Weiping Wu
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1526455595
Total Pages : 1566 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (264 download)

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Book Synopsis The SAGE Handbook of Contemporary China by : Weiping Wu

Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Contemporary China written by Weiping Wu and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2018-07-09 with total page 1566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of contemporary China constitutes a fascinating yet challenging area of scholarly inquiry. Recent decades have brought dramatic changes to China′s economy, society and governance. Analyzing such changes in the context of multiple disciplinary perspectives offers opportunites as well as challenges for scholars in the field known as contemporary China Studies. The SAGE Handbook of Contemporary China is a two-volume exploration of the transformations of contemporary China, firmly grounded in the both disciplinary and China-specific contexts. Drawing on a range of scholarly approaches found in the social sciences and history, an international team of contributors engage with the question of what a rapidly changing China means for the broader field of contemporary China studies, and identify areas of promising future research. Part 1: Context: History, Economy, and the Environment Part 2: Economic Transformations Part 3: Politics and Government Part 4: China on the Global Stage Part 5: China′s Foreign Policy Part 6: National and Nested Identities Part 7: Urbanization and Spatial Development Part 8: Poverty and Inequality Part 9: Social Change Part 10: Future Directions for Contemporary China Studies

China's Great Wall of Debt

Author : Dinny McMahon
Publisher : HarperCollins
ISBN 13 : 1328846024
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (288 download)

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Book Synopsis China's Great Wall of Debt by : Dinny McMahon

Download or read book China's Great Wall of Debt written by Dinny McMahon and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2018-03-13 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A stunning inside look at how and why the foundations upon which China has built the world’s second largest economy, have started to crumble. Over the course of a decade spent reporting in China as a financial journalist, Dinny McMahon came to the conclusion that the widely held belief in China’s inevitable economic ascent is dangerously wrong. In this unprecedented deep dive, McMahon shows how, lurking behind the illusion of prosperity, China’s economic growth has been built on a staggering mountain of debt. While stories of newly built but empty cities, white elephant state projects, and a byzantine shadow banking system have all become a regular fixture in the press, McMahon goes beyond the headlines to explain how such waste has been allowed to flourish, and why one of the most powerful governments in the world has been at a loss to stop it. Through the stories of ordinary Chinese citizens, McMahon tries to make sense of the unique—and often bizarre—mechanics of the nation’s economy, whether it be the state’s addiction to appropriating land from poor farmers; or why a Chinese entrepreneur decided it was cheaper to move his yarn factory to South Carolina; or why ambitious Chinese mayors build ghost cities; or why the Chinese bureaucracy was able to stare down Beijing’s attempts to break up the state’s pointless monopoly over table salt distribution. Debt, entrenched vested interests, a frenzy of speculation, and an aging population are all pushing China toward an economic reckoning. China’s Great Wall of Debt unravels an incredibly complex and opaque economy, one whose fortunes—for better or worse—will shape the globe like never before.

China's Emerging Financial Markets

Author : James R. Barth
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387937692
Total Pages : 661 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (879 download)

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Book Synopsis China's Emerging Financial Markets by : James R. Barth

Download or read book China's Emerging Financial Markets written by James R. Barth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-02 with total page 661 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China’s emerging financial markets reflect the usual contrast between the country’s measured approach toward policy, regulatory, and market reform, and the dynamic pace of rapid economic growth and development. But they also offer unusual challenges and opportunities. In the past five years, the pace of opening and reform has accelerated sharply. Recapitalization and partial privatization of the largest banks, and the allowance of some joint venture and branch operations for foreign financial institutions, are making rapid headway in developing and expanding financial services and improving access to domestic business and households. This book provides the most extensive look available at the evolving Chinese financial system. It begins with alternative perspectives on the evolution of the financial system and the broad outlines of its prospects and potential contribution to economic growth. Three articles review broad aspects of the financial system. Franklin Allen, Jun ‘‘QJ’’ Qian, Meijun Qian, and Mengxin Zhao lead off with overviews of the banking system and performance of the equity market and other institutions.