Understanding the Religious Priesthood

Download Understanding the Religious Priesthood PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Catholic University of America Press
ISBN 13 : 0813233232
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (132 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Understanding the Religious Priesthood by : Christian, OSB Raab

Download or read book Understanding the Religious Priesthood written by Christian, OSB Raab and published by Catholic University of America Press. This book was released on 2020-10-14 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most contemporary theologies of Holy Orders consider priesthood mainly in its diocesan context and most contemporary theologies of religious life do not consider how ordained ministry functions when it is internal rather than external to religious life. Understanding the Religious Priesthood provides a history and theology of religious priesthood that contributes to our understanding of this vocation’s identity and mission. It uncovers what religious priesthood shares with diocesan priesthood and non-ordained religious life and what makes it different from both those other vocations. Christian Raab begins by tracing the history of religious priesthood from its origins in the early Church to the eve of the Second Vatican Council. He demonstrates that religious priests often faced questions about how to reconcile their two callings, but that they also provided answers in their theologies and spiritualities of priesthood and religious life. Meanwhile, they made key contributions to the Church’s life and mission. Raab then investigates the teachings of the Second Vatican Council on priesthood and religious life. Observing that the Council presented priesthood according to a diocesan typology and presented religious life without sacerdotal associations, he argues that the lack of imagery of religious priesthood contributed to a post-conciliar vocational identity crisis among religious priests. He then seeks to remedy this lacuna by appealing to the biblical images for religious priesthood Hans Urs von Balthasar offered in his theology of vocations. Raab argues that Balthasar’s imagery is a promising way forward for understanding the identity and mission of religious priesthood. In a final part, Raab provides a substantial theological articulation of religious priesthood which illuminates its liturgical signification, ecclesial mediation and mission, and ministerial identity. Here he draws not only from Balthasar but also from Pope John Paul II, Yves Congar, Jean-Marie Tillard, Brian Daley, and Guy Mansini to construct his profile.

The Theology of Priesthood

Download The Theology of Priesthood PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Liturgical Press
ISBN 13 : 9780814650844
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (58 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Theology of Priesthood by : Donald Goergen

Download or read book The Theology of Priesthood written by Donald Goergen and published by Liturgical Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Theology of Priesthood is the result of a two-year seminar and dialogue on the priesthood sponsored by the Central Province of Dominican Friars. The goal of the seminar was to promote dialogue around varied theological issues and pastoral concerns, representing diverse viewpoints, in order to deepen our understanding of priesthood in the Roman Catholic tradition. The focus was on the historical, liturgical, and theological aspects of priesthood that require further reflection.

Priesthood in Religious Life

Download Priesthood in Religious Life PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Liturgical Press
ISBN 13 : 0814684785
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (146 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Priesthood in Religious Life by : Stephen Bevans

Download or read book Priesthood in Religious Life written by Stephen Bevans and published by Liturgical Press. This book was released on 2018-09-27 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book in English on priesthood in religious life to be published in twenty years. Its fourteen contributors search for new ways forward in the understanding of the distinct identity and ministry of religious men—committed to community, the prophetic lifestyle of vows or promises, and the particular charisms of their congregations—who have also answered the call to priesthood. Essays in this collection include reflections from a bishop, from the perspective of a lay theologian, from an expert in the social sciences, and on Pope Francis’s teachings on priesthood. Included as well are essays that are rooted in particular cultural traditions, in spirituality, and in canon law.

The Priesthood Power of Women

Download The Priesthood Power of Women PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781629725604
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (256 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Priesthood Power of Women by : Barbara Morgan Gardner

Download or read book The Priesthood Power of Women written by Barbara Morgan Gardner and published by . This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Priesthood of the Faithful

Download The Priesthood of the Faithful PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Liturgical Press
ISBN 13 : 9780814630235
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Priesthood of the Faithful by : Paul J. Philibert

Download or read book The Priesthood of the Faithful written by Paul J. Philibert and published by Liturgical Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Explores the doctrine of the priesthood of the baptized and examines its significance for the spiritual growth of the faithful and the revitalization of the church"--Provided by publisher.

Models of Priestly Formation

Download Models of Priestly Formation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Liturgical Press
ISBN 13 : 0814664377
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (146 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Models of Priestly Formation by : Declan Marmion

Download or read book Models of Priestly Formation written by Declan Marmion and published by Liturgical Press. This book was released on 2019-06-25 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The preparation of new priests for ministry currently faces closer scrutiny than at any time since the Reformation, and the importance of effective priestly formation has perhaps never been clearer in the entire history of the Church. In Models of Priestly Formation, some of the world’s leading experts on the topic consider priestly formation since Vatican II, explore current best practices internationally, and imagine what the future of such formation might look like. The book promises to become an essential reference for every person involved in priestly formation and for anyone interested in understanding better how it is carried out and how those who do it think about their task. The eBook edition includes four additional essays.

The Unchanging Heart of the Priesthood

Download The Unchanging Heart of the Priesthood PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Emmaus Road Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1931018294
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Unchanging Heart of the Priesthood by : Thomas Acklin

Download or read book The Unchanging Heart of the Priesthood written by Thomas Acklin and published by Emmaus Road Publishing. This book was released on 2006 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Unchanging Heart of the Priesthood, Father Thomas Acklin presents an apologetic for that which is immutable?that which cannot change since it is found in the unchanging heart of Christ. Father Acklin refutes modern misconceptions and false understandings of the priesthood, while uncovering the beauty, strength, and hope that is found in God's plan. This book will encourage the heart of every priest and help the laity to understand and appreciate the reality and mystery of the priesthood in the Church. In The Unchanging Heart of the Priesthood Father Thomas Acklin presents an apologetic for the immutability of the priesthood?that which cannot change since it is found in the unchanging heart of Christ. Father Acklin refutes modern misconceptions, while uncovering the beauty, strength, and hope that is found in God's plan, bringing the reader to an appreciation of the reality and mystery of the priesthood in the Church.

Ordering the Baptismal Priesthood

Download Ordering the Baptismal Priesthood PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780814629413
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (294 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ordering the Baptismal Priesthood by : Michael Downey

Download or read book Ordering the Baptismal Priesthood written by Michael Downey and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ten theologians address the theology and practice of ministry in the Church today. Recognizing that neither a theology of ordained ministry nor a theology of lay ministry can be developed in isolation from each other, they propose seven convergence points as principles to shape a theology of ordered ministries.

The Spirituality of the Diocesan Priest

Download The Spirituality of the Diocesan Priest PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Liturgical Press
ISBN 13 : 9780814624210
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (242 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Spirituality of the Diocesan Priest by : Donald B. Cozzens

Download or read book The Spirituality of the Diocesan Priest written by Donald B. Cozzens and published by Liturgical Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beyond the dramatic drop in seminarians and the declining numbers of priests, beyond the sexual misconduct scandals shaking the confidence and trust once readily given to priests, a spiritual deepening and maturing is renewing the spirit and confidence of the diocesan priest. In this collection of essays, twelve priests (including four bishops) reflect on the spirituality of the diocesan priest from their personal and pastoral experience. Have diocesan priests finally transcended the monastic and religious order spiritualities that have shaped their prayer and interior lives for centuries? Is a spirituality particular to the diocesan priest emerging precisely at a time when the priesthood is under such close scrutiny? The contributors - pastors, theologians, poets, and bishops - grapple with the maturing of the diocesan priest's soul, touch the mystery of the priesthood, and unveil personal, often moving, dramas of grace. Contributors and their articles include Tenders of the Word" by Donald B. Cozzens, "Personal Symbol of Communion" by Denis Edwards, "Confessions of a Pilgrim Pastor" by William Hammer, "A Kindled Heart" by Frank McNulty, "A Glorious and Transcendent Place" by Robert F. Morneau, "The Conciliar Documents and the 1983 Code" by Edward G. Pfnausch, "Ruminations of a Canonist" by James H. Provost, "Heralds of the Gospel and Experts in Humanity" by Sylvester D. Ryan, "Servant of the Servants of God" by Robert Schwartz, "Speaking Out for the Inside" by William H. Shannon, "Paul of Tarsus: A Model for Diocesan Priesthood" by Richard J. Sklba, and "Spirituality of the Diocesan Priest: Using the Wrong Measure?" by Kenneth Untener.

The Theology of Priesthood

Download The Theology of Priesthood PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Liturgical Press
ISBN 13 : 0814683746
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (146 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Theology of Priesthood by : Donald J. Goergen

Download or read book The Theology of Priesthood written by Donald J. Goergen and published by Liturgical Press. This book was released on 2017-02-28 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By engaging in conversation with those whose experience, perspectives, and theological traditions vary from their own, the contributors to The Theology of Priesthood explore in detail the fundamental questions being asked about the ordained priesthood today. Priests, deacons, and students of theology will find these articles an engaging means to understanding Church, ministry, and priesthood more deeply. The Theology of Priesthood includes ten essays that explore facets of ordained ministry and the ministerial priesthood. Paul Philibert, OP, begins with an overview of issues involved in the contemporary discussion on priesthood within the Roman Catholic tradition. Frank Quinn, OP, addresses the significance of language as it pertains to priesthood and ministry and how language is manifested in rites of ordination. Thomas O'Meara, OP, situates the discussion on priesthood within the context of an expansion of ministry in the Church since Vatican II and the implications of this expansion for ministry in the future. Stephen DeLeers articulates a theology of priesthood grounded in Vatican II and post-Vatican II documents which focuses on the primacy of preaching. Thomas Rausch, SJ, then takes up the issue of diversity within ministerial priesthood as he reflects on priesthood within the context of apostolic religious life. Jack Risley, OP, returns to the question of the relationship between ordained ministry and lay ministry. The final three articles reflect on ordained ministry from distinctive perspectives. Benedict Ashley, OP, takes the Letter to the Hebrews as his starting point. Paul Wesche looks at priesthood through the lens of an Eastern Orthodox priest. Donald Goergen, OP, asks what insights African theology, specifically African Christology, might offer a contemporary Catholic theology of priesthood. Paul Philibert, OP, provides a concluding reflection. Donald J. Goergen, OP, is a preacher, teacher, lecturer, author, and theologian who taught systematic theology for many years. He was also previously the provincial for the Dominican friars of the Central Province. He is the editor of A Theology of Jesus series, and Being a Priest Today published by Liturgical Press.

Same Call, Different Men

Download Same Call, Different Men PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Liturgical Press
ISBN 13 : 081463429X
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (146 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Same Call, Different Men by : Mary Gautier

Download or read book Same Call, Different Men written by Mary Gautier and published by Liturgical Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Far-reaching changes continue to take place in the American priesthood. Building on insights gained from four previous surveys, Same Call, Different Men uses fresh data from a 2009 survey-jointly implemented by the National Federation of Priest's Councils and the Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate-in which 900 priests shared attitudes and stories about their lives and ministry. Among topics covered are the challenges of ministry with fewer ordinations and larger parishes, ministering to an increasingly multicultural laity, collaboration with lay leaders, and personal reflections on the sexual abuse issue. It also relates the many satisfactions of being a priest, one who brings Christ to others and who is invited into many profound moments of individual lives.

A Spiritual Theology of the Priesthood

Download A Spiritual Theology of the Priesthood PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Spiritual Theology of the Priesthood by : Dermot Power (Fr.)

Download or read book A Spiritual Theology of the Priesthood written by Dermot Power (Fr.) and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hans Urs von Balthasar's writings have pastoral implications that even now are barely recognized and hardly developed. Here a pastorally experienced theologian, who knew von Balthasar personally, unfolds this pastoral dimension for the first time. Father Dermot Power demonstrates the paradoxical grandeur and weakness of the Catholic priesthood. He highlights the roles of the Catholic priest as servant, bridegroom, shepherd, victim, teacher, prophet, celebrant, and minister of reconciliation. He explores the relationship between the mission of Christ and the states of life within the Church, including the laity, and that between the universal call to holiness and the priestly vocation. He examines the structures of the Church in relation to the inwardness of love, and the new hope it offers for the renewal of the priesthood in the Catholic Church. Dermot Power is Chaplain of St. Mary's School, Ascot. He lectures widely and leads retreats and workshops for priests. "Power's book on priesthood is so eminently worth reading, because it deliberately attempts to draw upon the work of von Balthasar in trying to show us how the reality of the priesthood remains rooted in Jesus Christ."--Crisis "A timely, profound and enriching reflection on the priesthood which brings together theology, spirituality, and personal experience in an invigorating way."--Msgr. Keith Barltrop "This illuminating book deserves to become a classic and should be on the shelves of every priest."--Prof. John Saward " The book] makes an invaluable, deeply theological contribution to our understanding of priesthood today."--Bishop James O'Brien "Father Power gives us . . . a great gift: a practical, simple, and profound spiritual theology of the priesthood. The spirituality here helps us to live our priesthood as well as to understand it better."--Robert Faricy, S.J. "This close examination of von Balthasar's theology reveals what lies at the very heart of the priesthood and offers a spirituality to match it."--Lavinia Byrne, I.B.V.M. "For those who have kept up with recent Vatican documents on priestly life and ministry, the hand of von Balthasar will be readily recognizable. . . . This book belongs in every priest's library."--Homiletic and Pastoral Review CONTENTS Foreword by Robert Faricy, S.J. Preface Introduction I. The Ministerial Priesthood in the Light of the Mystery of Christ 2. Jesus: Priest and Victim 3. The Ministerial Priesthood and its Ecclesial Setting 4. Interiority and Mission 5. Priesthood as a State of Life: The Evangelical Counsels and the Radicalism of the Gospel 6. The Ministerial Priesthood: Its Classical Modes of Ministry and Presence within the Church 7. The Dynamic of Tradition Conclusion

Homosexuality in the Priesthood and the Religious Life

Download Homosexuality in the Priesthood and the Religious Life PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Crossroad Publishing
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Homosexuality in the Priesthood and the Religious Life by : Jeannine Gramick

Download or read book Homosexuality in the Priesthood and the Religious Life written by Jeannine Gramick and published by Crossroad Publishing. This book was released on 1989 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essays discuss the history of homosexuality and religious life, homophobia, the viewpoints of homosexual clergy, and ministry to the gay and lesbian communities.

Evolving Visions Of The Priesthood

Download Evolving Visions Of The Priesthood PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Liturgical Press
ISBN 13 : 081463897X
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (146 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Evolving Visions Of The Priesthood by : Dean R. Hoge

Download or read book Evolving Visions Of The Priesthood written by Dean R. Hoge and published by Liturgical Press. This book was released on 2017-06-15 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evolving Visions of the Priesthood traces the movement of the Church in the United States during the first forty years of the implementation of Vatican II. This research gives the U.S. Church a good picture of itself and its struggles during the post-conciliar period. These studies are important for what they tell us of priests who were already ministering the theology of the Council, at the time of the Council, and also consider those priests ordained more recently and their perspectives on Vatican II. How the different groups of priests perceive each other in their respective desires to be faithful to God offers the reader insight into today's presbyterate. By following what has been happening we get a glimpse of what the future holds. Given the struggles of the scandals recently confronting the Church, the studies also offer indications of why the particular problems arose so suddenly and why they were so related to a given time frame. Chapters are The American Priesthood After the 1960s," *Characteristics of Priests in 2001, - *The Shifting Emphasis in Ecclesiology, - *The New Priests, - *Issues and Needs Felt by Priests, - *The Question of Homosexual Subcultures, - *Understanding the Changes, - and *Recommendations Made by the Priests. - Includes an epilogue, *Effects of the 2002 Sexual Misconduct Crisis. - Dean R. Hoge is a professor in the department of sociology at The Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. He has done sociological research serving American churches for 32 years and has authored several books and articles on American religion including The First Five Years of the Priesthood, published by Liturgical Press. Jacqueline E. Wenger is a graduate student in sociology at The Catholic University of America and a licensed clinical social worker. "

The Priesthood of All Believers and the Missio Dei

Download The Priesthood of All Believers and the Missio Dei PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1498283292
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (982 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Priesthood of All Believers and the Missio Dei by : Henry Joseph Voss

Download or read book The Priesthood of All Believers and the Missio Dei written by Henry Joseph Voss and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2016-10-25 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The priesthood of all believers is a pillar undergirding Protestant ecclesiology. Yet the doctrine has often been used to serve diverse agendas. This book examines the doctrine's canonical, catholic, and contextual dimensions. It first identifies the priesthood of all believers as a canonical doctrine based upon the royal priesthood of Christ and closely related to the believer's eschatological temple-service and offering of spiritual sacrifices (chapters 1-3). It secondly describes its catholic development by examining three paradigmatic shifts, shifts especially associated with Christendom (chapters 4-6) and a suppression of the doctrine's missional component. Finally, the book argues that a Christian doctrine of the priesthood of all believers should be developed with a Christocentric-Trinitarian understanding of the missio Dei. This suggests there are especially appropriate ways for the royal priesthood to relate to the Father, to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit. A canonically and catholically informed priesthood of all believers leads contextually to particular ecclesial practices. These seven practices are 1) Baptism as public ordination to the royal priesthood; 2) Prayer; 3) Lectio Divina; 4) Ministry; 5) Church Discipline; 6) Proclamation; and 7) the Lord's Supper as the renewal of the royal priesthood.

The Catholic Priesthood and Women

Download The Catholic Priesthood and Women PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : LiturgyTrainingPublications
ISBN 13 : 9781595250162
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (51 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Catholic Priesthood and Women by : Sara Butler

Download or read book The Catholic Priesthood and Women written by Sara Butler and published by LiturgyTrainingPublications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

My Beloved

Download My Beloved PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781936320189
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (21 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis My Beloved by : S. Joseph Lionel

Download or read book My Beloved written by S. Joseph Lionel and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Year of the Priest was celebrated from June 2009 to June 2010. It coincided with the jubilee year in honor of the hundred and fiftieth anniversary of St. John Marie Vianney. Curé d'Ars, as he is fondly known, is the patron for priests. This simple and saintly priest had drawn countless numbers of people to God through his ministry in one of the most challenging periods in history, after the French Revolution. The insignificant village, Ars, in the south-western corner of France would not have been known at all but for the spiritual fervor and tireless priestly commitment of its curé who brought sinners close to the Sacred Heart of Jesus to experience God's love and forgiveness. In 1929 Pope Pius XI declared him as the patron for the parochial clergy, soon after his canonization. When our Holy Father Pope Benedict XVI declared this jubilee year of St. John Marie Vianney as the Year for Priests, it opened multitude of new opportunities to learn more about the saint as well as to engage in profound reflection on the theology of priesthood. It is personally a reawakening process for thousands of priests to pursue a refreshing meditation on their own identity and spirituality. It is all the more important pastorally for Catholics around the world to have deep reflection on their own common priesthood by virtue of their Baptism and the ministerial priesthood as instituted by Christ. The declaration of this Jubilee year serves a fertile pastoral ground to instruct and reflect on the theology and ministry of priesthood. It promotes greater appreciation for the pastors of souls who are tirelessly serving the flock entrusted to their care in different parts of the world, sometimes in most hostile and challenging assignments where their lives are at real risk. It promotes greater coordination of the charisms realized among the laity and ecclesiastical offices in the Church, because "priests and laity together compose one priestly people," as highlighted by Benedict XVI in his letter at the inauguration of this Jubilee year. It is the author's wish to present this writing with three desired goals: 1) a personal spiritual resource, both for priests and laity, to deepen their self understanding of the identity; 2) an academic, scholarly tool to introduce to some deep biblical, theological and liturgical foundations of priesthood; and finally 3) a pastoral resource to facilitate and coordinate various gifts in the parish context with Christian leadership founded in Scripture, theology, and the Magisterium. Therefore this writing will not only be useful during this year for priests, but also valuable as a follow-up and on-going reflection on the Christian priesthood which is so central in nurturing our life of faith. Joseph recommends reading this book, together with scripture, especially the references cited in each chapter. "Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly" (Col 3:16). It could serve as a tool for retreat preachers, homily preparation, talks, seminars, spiritual conferences, liturgical study groups, reflection for parish and diocesan liturgical committees, and personal meditation for priests, religious, missionaries, seminarians, parish staff, and any interested Catholic. It could serve as a pastoral resource for religious education programs, catechists, permanent deacons, Charismatic renewal movements and any organizations in the parish or diocese. It would help Christian families to promote authentic vocations in their homes and offer spiritual and ministerial support to thousands of priests and religious joyfully engaged in pastoral ministries around the world in the midst of demanding self-sacrifice and challenging times especially in mission countries.