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Understanding Changes In Mobility Subsistence From Terminal Pleistocene To Late Holocene In The Highlands Of New Guinea Through Intensity Of Lithic Reduction Changing Site Types And Paleoclimate
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Book Synopsis Understanding Changes in Mobility & Subsistence from Terminal Pleistocene to Late Holocene in the Highlands of New Guinea Through Intensity of Lithic Reduction, Changing Site Types, and Paleoclimate by : Jennifer Huff
Download or read book Understanding Changes in Mobility & Subsistence from Terminal Pleistocene to Late Holocene in the Highlands of New Guinea Through Intensity of Lithic Reduction, Changing Site Types, and Paleoclimate written by Jennifer Huff and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why did people in the highlands of New Guinea move from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle and subsistence pattern, and develop a subsistence pattern centered on root and tree crop agriculture? How did the ancient residents of the highlands actually move around the landscape in the late Pleistocene, and how did that change though the Holocene? The research presented in this dissertation addresses these questions through and analysis of intensity of reduction of stone tools, paleoclimate reconstructions, and statistical analyses of regional radiocarbon dates. Competing models of processes driving change are compared against the accumulated evidence, with precipitation and other climate phenomena determined to be the mechanism with the strongest effect driving changes in site use, subsistence, and related technology.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Indigenous Australia and New Guinea by : Ian J. McNiven
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Indigenous Australia and New Guinea written by Ian J. McNiven and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-12-05 with total page 1169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 65,000 years ago, modern humans arrived in Australia, having navigated more than 100 km of sea crossing from southeast Asia. Since then, the large continental islands of Australia and New Guinea, together with smaller islands in between, have been connected by land bridges and severed again as sea levels fell and rose. Along with these fluctuations came changes in the terrestrial and marine environments of both land masses. The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Indigenous Australia and New Guinea reviews and assembles the latest findings and ideas on the archaeology of the Australia-New Guinea region, the world's largest island-continent. In 42 new chapters written by 77 contributors, it presents and explores the archaeological evidence to weave stories of colonisation; megafaunal extinctions; Indigenous architecture; long-distance interactions, sometimes across the seas; eel-based aquaculture and the development of techniques for the mass-trapping of fish; occupation of the High Country, deserts, tropical swamplands and other, diverse land and waterscapes; and rock art and symbolic behaviour. Together with established researchers, a new generation of archaeologists present in this Handbook one, authoritative text where Australia-New Guinea archaeology now lies and where it is heading, promising to shape future directions for years to come.
Book Synopsis Hunter-Gatherer Behavior by : Metin I Eren
Download or read book Hunter-Gatherer Behavior written by Metin I Eren and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-23 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major global climate event called the Younger Dryas dramatically affected local environments and human populations at the end of the Pleistocene. This volume is the first book in fifteen years to comprehensively address key questions regarding the extent of this event and how hunter-gatherer populations adapted behaviorally and technologically in the face of major climatic change. An integrated set of theoretical articles and important case studies, written by well-known archaeologists, provide an excellent reference for researchers studying the end of the Pleistocene, as well as those studying hunter-gatherers and their response to climate change.
Book Synopsis Human Adaptation to the Changing Northeastern Environment at the End of the Pleistocene by : Brian Denis Jones
Download or read book Human Adaptation to the Changing Northeastern Environment at the End of the Pleistocene written by Brian Denis Jones and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Life on the Margins by : Patrick Faulkner
Download or read book Life on the Margins written by Patrick Faulkner and published by ANU E Press. This book was released on 2013-12-20 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research presented here is primarily concerned with human-environment interactions on the tropical coast of northern Australia during the late Holocene. Based on the suggestion that significant change can occur within short time-frames as a direct result of interactive processes, the archaeological evidence from the Point Blane Peninsula, Blue Mud Bay, is used to address the issue of how much change and variability occurred in hunter-gatherer economic and social structures during the late Holocene in coastal northeastern Arnhem Land. The suggestion proposed here is that processes of environmental and climatic change resulted in changes in resource distribution and abundance, which in turn affected patterns of settlement and resource exploitation strategies, levels of mobility and, potentially, the size of foraging groups on the coast. The question of human behavioural variability over the last 3000 years in Blue Mud Bay has been addressed by examining issues of scale and resolution in archaeological interpretation, specifically the differential chronological and spatial patterning of shell midden and mound sites on the peninsula in conjunction with variability in molluscan resource exploitation. To this end, the biological and ecological characteristics of the dominant molluscan species is considered in detail, in combination with assessing the potential for human impact through predation. Investigating pre-contact coastal foraging behaviour via the archaeological record provides an opportunity for change to recognised in a number of ways. For example, a differential focus on resources, variations in group size and levels of mobility can all be identified. It has also been shown that human-environment interactions are non-linear or progressive, and that human behaviour during the late Holocene was both flexible and dynamic.
Book Synopsis Foragers of the Terminal Pleistocene in North America by : Renee Beauchamp Walker
Download or read book Foragers of the Terminal Pleistocene in North America written by Renee Beauchamp Walker and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These essays cast new light on Paleoindians, the first settlers of North America. Recent research strongly suggests that big-game hunting was but one of the subsistence strategies the first humans in the New World employed and that they also relied on foraging and fishing.
Book Synopsis Variability of Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries in Northern and Eastern Africa by : Latifa Sari
Download or read book Variability of Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries in Northern and Eastern Africa written by Latifa Sari and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-12-24 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the question of variability in backed bladelet-based technologies. It also examines the role of LSA microlithic industries as adaptive strategies for coping with paleoenvironmental changes in North Africa. The multidisciplinary research activities conducted in caves and open-air sites in North Africa over the past two decades have highlighted the importance of this region for understanding the development of LSA microlithic technologies in Africa. This book, therefore, enriches the debate of origin and the spread of Late Pleistocene microlithic technologies in North Africa and beyond. Previously published in African Archaeological Review Volume 37, issue 3, September 2020
Book Synopsis Contextualizing Late Holocene Subsistence Change on California’s Northern Channel Islands by :
Download or read book Contextualizing Late Holocene Subsistence Change on California’s Northern Channel Islands written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complex relationship between sociopolitical complexity, natural climatic change, and subsistence strategies on California’s Northern Channel Islands (NCI) has long been a topic of archaeological inquiry. One period of particular interest to NCI researchers is the Middle-to-Late Transition Period (MLT, 800-650 cal BP), during which Chumash hierarchical sociopolitical organization is thought to have solidified. Multiple models of sociopolitical change have been proposed, all of which acknowledge the relationship between rising populations, shifting dietary patterns, climatic events, and sociopolitical structure. Due to data gaps and the history of archaeological research on the Channel Islands, however, these models rely on dietary data from MLT and Late Period (650 cal BP to AD 1542) archaeological sites on Santa Cruz Island, but lack critical data from the Middle Period to contextualize subsistence shifts. Through my thesis research, I present and interpret dietary data from two well-dated Middle Period sites on Santa Cruz Island through a historical ecological framework to place dietary shifts in spatial and temporal context and to aid in a deeper understanding of Chumash lifeways during a very dynamic time on the NCI.
Book Synopsis Late Quaternary Climate Change and Human Adaptation in Arid China by : D.B. Madsen
Download or read book Late Quaternary Climate Change and Human Adaptation in Arid China written by D.B. Madsen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to political pressures, prior to the 1990s little was known about the nature of human foraging adaptations in the deserts, grasslands, and mountains of north western China during the last glacial period. Even less was known about the transition to agriculture that followed. Now open to foreign visitation, there is now an increasing understanding of the foraging strategies which led both to the development of millet agriculture and to the utilization of the extreme environments of the Tibetan Plateau. This text explores the transition from the foraging societies of the Late Paleolithic to the emergence of settled farming societies and the emergent pastoralism of the middle Neolithic striving to help answer the diverse and numerous questions of this critical transitional period. * Examines the transition from foraging societies of the Late Paleolithic to the emergence of settled farming societies and the emergent pastoralism of the middle Neolithic* Explores explanatory models for the links between climate change and cultural change that may have influenced the development of millet agriculture* Reviews the relationship between climate change and population expansions and contraditions during the late Quaternary
Book Synopsis Late Holocene Occupation of the Central Murrumbidgee Riverine Plain by : Jan Maria Klaver
Download or read book Late Holocene Occupation of the Central Murrumbidgee Riverine Plain written by Jan Maria Klaver and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Variability Among Later Stone Age Hunter-gatherers in Eastern Africa by : Mica Bryant Jones
Download or read book Variability Among Later Stone Age Hunter-gatherers in Eastern Africa written by Mica Bryant Jones and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hunting and gathering way of life is the most enduring and resilient in human history. However, the ways that a wild food-based subsistence system affects people's social and economic organization are often oversimplified and variability is poorly understood. In general, there's been a tendency, particularly among non-Anthropologists, to assume that hunter-gatherer societies are static and that historic groups represent an earlier, simpler way of life. This is particularly true in Africa, where small, highly mobile groups are common ethnographically. However, dramatic rainfall fluctuations over the last ~30,000 years significantly altered resources available to hunter-gatherers in diverse environments of northern and eastern Africa. To examine the ways hunter-gatherer groups responded to terminal Pleistocene and Holocene climatic shifts and investigate social and economic variability through time, this thesis compares two long archaeological sequences from distinct eastern African ecozones in semi-arid versus humid settings. Radiocarbon dates and faunal data from the Guli Waabayo rock shelter in the semi-arid plains of the southern Horn of Africa revealed occupation between ~26-6 kya. New dates indicated that early use of the site occurred during a period of aridity in the last glaciation, but Holocene occupation was associated with higher rainfall. Faunal species representation demonstrates that, throughout these fluctuations, people maintained a remarkably consistent focus on small game. Taxonomic and age based evidence for specialized dik-dik net-hunting during both arid and humid periods indicates maintenance of unique and resilient hunter-gatherer social and economic strategies that allowed people to survive on the Buur Heybe inselberg for thousands of years. In comparison, excavations at the Namundiri A shell midden in Uganda provide new insights into the flexibility of complex Kansyore hunter-gatherers who occupied the well-watered Lake Victoria Basin of East Africa ~8. 5-1. 5 kya. Dates from the site are the first evidence of Kansyore occupation between ~7-4. 4 kya, which, combined with site location and faunal data, indicate relatively stable lifeways along the lakeshore leading up to an arid phase in the mid-Holocene ~5-4 kya. Abandonment of the lake's edge and an increased emphasis on fishing along inland rivers after this period suggests reorganization among hunter-gatherers in response to changing climatic and environmental conditions in order to maintain a consistent presence in the region. This examination of Late Quaternary and Holocene hunter-gatherers living in drier and wetter regions of eastern Africa draws attention to the different ways foraging groups responded to environmental and social shifts in order to maintain continuity over long time spans. Together, these two case studies highlight unique hunter-gatherer strategies that involved reduced mobility and subsistence specialization, which are not documented in the ethnographic record of Africa. As a result, this research helps to expand global understandings of variability in the hunting and gathering lifestyle.
Book Synopsis Environments and Extinctions by : Jim I. Mead
Download or read book Environments and Extinctions written by Jim I. Mead and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 10 papers using new conceptual frameworks to interpret late Quaternary cultural and environmental remains. Chapters are composed largely of the proceedings of a symposium held at the Society for American Archaeology meetings in 1982.
Book Synopsis Late Pleistocene and Holocene Hunter-gatherers of the Matopos by : Nicholas John Walker
Download or read book Late Pleistocene and Holocene Hunter-gatherers of the Matopos written by Nicholas John Walker and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trekking the Shore written by Nuno Bicho and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-07-14 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human settlement has often centered around coastal areas and waterways. Until recently, however, archaeologists believed that marine economies did not develop until the end of the Pleistocene, when the archaeological record begins to have evidence of marine life as part of the human diet. This has long been interpreted as a postglacial adaptation, due to the rise in sea level and subsequent decrease in terrestrial resources. Coastal resources, particularly mollusks, were viewed as fallback resources, which people resorted to only when terrestrial resources were scarce, included only as part of a more complex diet. Recent research has significantly altered this understanding, known as the Broad Spectrum Revolution (BSR) model. The contributions to this volume revise the BSR model, with evidence that coastal resources were an important part of human economies and subsistence much earlier than previously thought, and even the main focus of diets for some Pleistocene and early Holocene hunter-gatherer societies. With evidence from North and South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia, this volume comprehensively lends a new understanding to coastal settlement from the Middle Paleolithic to the Middle Holocene.
Download or read book Diving for Dinner written by Gary Dunnett and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in coastal exploitation in the Holocene contrasted with the evidence for Pleistocene modes of coastal subsistence; middens; dates; analysis of economic change; archaeozoology.
Book Synopsis Beyond Foraging and Collecting by : Ben Fitzhugh
Download or read book Beyond Foraging and Collecting written by Ben Fitzhugh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes new research on the theoretical implications regarding the mechanisms of change in the geographical distribution of hunter-gatherer settlement and land use. It focuses on the long-term changes in the hunter-gatherer settlement on a global scale, including research from several continents. It will be of interest to archaeologists and cultural anthropologists working in the field of the forager/ collector model throughout the world.
Book Synopsis Gully Erosion and Holocene-Anthropocene Environmental Change in Southern New England by : Megan Hill
Download or read book Gully Erosion and Holocene-Anthropocene Environmental Change in Southern New England written by Megan Hill and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proposed Anthropocene epoch provides a novel framework for recognizing, measuring, and interpreting human impacts to landscapes around the world. Important also, is the need to place human impacts in the context of how these landscapes have been behaving over recent geologic time (i.e., the Late Pleistocene and Holocene). In southern New England, widespread Anthropocene landscape changes occurred throughout 17th-20th century following European settlement. Markers of these Anthropocene landscape changes are visible in high-resolution topographic data in the form of historic land use features (e.g., stone walls and charcoal hearths), in gullies that dissect hillslopes, and in the downstream stratigraphic records in wetland and waterways. This study examines the erosional and depositional signatures of human impacts, with special attention to gullies and the geochemical indicators of related sediments. Analysis of LiDAR data and field observations reveal widespread occurrence of gully features dissecting glacial landforms, the deepest and largest of which are likely relate to gully erosion that started in the Late Pleistocene and continued into the Holocene. In addition, data reveals a subset of smaller, shallower gullies that appear directly tied to anthropogenic activity over the last 250 years, as indicated by cultural features indicative of past deforestation and anthropogenic influence. In addition to spatial analysis, temporal and spatial variability in geochemical signatures such as trace metals (primarily Pb and Hg), highlights differences in land use and intensity of impact throughout the region. Overall, there is a time-transgressive nature to the onset of the Anthropocene in this region and as seen in these geochemical signatures. Human impacts associated with coastal sites begin ~100 years before those associated with upstream/upland landscape positions. Sedimentological analysis, geochronology, and geochemistry of sediment cores collected at the base of gullies help constrain timing of gully activity in the region, and place Anthropocene erosion in the longer-term geologic context of the Holocene and late Pleistocene change. Results indicate a two-pulse sedimentation history in the region- one shortly after deglaciation (i.e. the paraglacial period) and a second erosional reactivation coinciding with 17th -early 20th century Anthropocene landscape change. Existing gullies were likely reactivated in response to forest clearing during the Anthropocene and served as conduits for upland erosion. Overall, this study demonstrates the complexity and variability in upland response to environmental change and highlights the spatial and temporal variability inherent in addressing onset of the Anthropocene. Understanding evolution of past land-use activities and their impacts on landscape evolution is important as it informs future research, management, and an overall understanding of these landscapes.
