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Download or read book Uma análise das principais causas da queda recente na desigualdade de renda brasileira written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher : Ipea
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)
Download or read book Desigualdade de renda no Brasil written by and published by Ipea. This book was released on 2007 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Luis Felipe Lopez-Calva
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 0815704445
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)
Download or read book Declining Inequality in Latin America written by Luis Felipe Lopez-Calva and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2010-08-01 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Brookings Institution Press and United Nations Development Programme publication Latin America is often singled out for its high and persistent income inequality. Toward the end of the 1990s, however, income concentration began to fall across the region. Of the seventeen countries for which comparable data are available, twelve have experienced a decline, particularly since 2000. This book is among the first efforts to understand what happened in these countries and why. Led by editors Felipe López-Calva and Nora Lustig, a panel of distinguished economists undertakes in-depth analyses of Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and Peru. In addition, they provide essential background in the form of overviews of the relationship between markets and inequality, the political economy of redistribution, and the evolution of income inequality in the advanced industrialized economies. Two factors account for much of the decline in inequality: a decrease in the wage gap between skilled and low-skilled labor, and an increase in government transfers targeted to the poor. Thanks to the timeliness and sophistication of these essays, Declining Inequality in Latin America is likely to become a standard reference in its field.
Author : John A. Bishop
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0857241451
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (572 download)
Download or read book Studies in Applied Welfare Analysis written by John A. Bishop and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2010-08-18 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains papers from the Society for the Study of Economic Inequality's third meeting held in Buenos Aries, Argentina, in July 2009. This title focuses on a number of Latin American countries, on the understudied topics of poverty and inequality in these areas.
Author : Alexandre de Freitas Barbosa
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108416195
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Growth and Inequality written by Alexandre de Freitas Barbosa and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines inequality in overall distributions of income and expenditure, and disparities across gender, region, caste, race, and access to education.
Author : Giovanni Andrea Cornia
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191005274
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Falling Inequality in Latin America written by Giovanni Andrea Cornia and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-01-16 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume aims to document and explain the sizeable decline of income inequality that has taken place in Latin America during the 2000s. It does so through an exploration of inequality changes in six representative countries, and ten policy chapters dealing with macroeconomics, foreign trade, taxation, labour market, human capital formation, and social assistance, which point to the emergence of a 'new policy model'. The volume addresses a major issue in economic development with profound implications for many developing regions and those OECD countries mired in a long-lasting financial crisis and economic stagnation. For at least the last quarter of the twentieth century, Latin America suffered from low growth, rising inequality, and frequent financial crises. However, since the turn of the century, growth accelerated, inequality declined, poverty fell, and macroeconomic stability improved, all this in parallel to the spread of centre-left political regimes in three quarters of the region. This inequality decline has taken many by surprise as, for a long time, the region has been a symbol of a deeply entrenched unequal distribution of assets, incomes, and opportunities, limited or no state redistribution, and a deeply embedded authoritarianism enforcing an unjust status quo. The recent Latin American experience is particularly valuable as inequality was reduced under open economy conditions and in a period of intensifying global integration, which have often been considered as a source of rising inequality. In this sense, however imperfect, the recent Latin American experience may be of interest to countries completing their transition to the market and liberal democracy (as in the former socialist countries of Europe), facing a political transition (as those affected by the Arab Spring, Myanmar and countries in sub-Saharan Africa), or recording rises in inequality and social tensions in spite of rapid economic growth (as in China and India). Until recently there was not much agreement on the drivers of the inequality decline in the region, which was attributed to changes in the supply/demand of skilled workers, improvements in terms of trade, the spread of social assistance schemes, or 'luck'. In this respect, the volume offers the first scholarly and systematic exploration of this unexpected change. As income inequality has been rising and is currently rising in many parts of the world, a good understanding of the Latin American experience over the 2000s is a topic that will inform and generate a lot of attention.
Author : Mr.Mauricio Vargas
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513529609
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Explaining Inequality and Poverty Reduction in Bolivia written by Mr.Mauricio Vargas and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-12-18 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We investigate the factors driving Bolivia’s success in reducing inequality and poverty during the last 15 years. Our evidence suggests that the reduction was driven mainly by labor income growth at the bottom end of the income distribution. Increases in non-labor income (rents, transfers, remittances) also played a role, but a smaller one, although the introduction of Renta Dignidad has made a big difference for the elderly poor. Labor income increases were concentrated in the informal, low-skilled service and manufacturing sectors. As the gains from the commodity boom go into reverse, and the fiscal envelope becomes much tighter, it will be essential that labor and social policies are well designed and targeted to preserve the poverty and inequality reduction of the last 15 years.
Author : Werner Baer
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0857936700
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (579 download)
Download or read book The Regional Impact of National Policies written by Werner Baer and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2012-05-01 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brazil is a country of continental proportions whose gross domestic product is unevenly distributed among its various regions. The impact of general domestic economic policies has often been perceived as not being regionally neutral, but as reinforcing the geographic concentration of economic activities. This detailed book examines the regional impact of such general policies as: industrialization, agricultural modernization, privatization, stabilization, science and technology, labor, and foreign direct investment. Written by recognized and respected scholars, this book fills a significant gap in the current literature on regional development in Brazil. Researchers and students in economics, economic history, political science and regional studies, and others interested in the economics of transition to a market system will find this comprehensive collection an invaluable resource.
Author : Gabriela Inchauste
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464803005
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book Understanding Changes in Poverty written by Gabriela Inchauste and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-08-21 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2015 Millennium Development Goal to cut in half the share of the world’s population living in extreme poverty was met with time to spare. By 2013, the percentage of developing-country populations living in extreme poverty decreased from 43 percent in 1990 to 21 percent by 2010. Clearly, there is still a long way to go, with 1.2 billion people without enough to eat. What can we learn from the recent success? This volume presents recent methods to decompose the contributions to poverty reduction. What was the main contributor to poverty reduction? Using a simple accounting approach, we find that labor income growth was the largest contributor to moderate poverty reduction for a group of 21 countries with substantial reductions in poverty over the past decade. Moreover, in most cases, it was the growth in income per worker that contributed the most to poverty reduction, rather than an increase in employment. Changes in demographics, public transfers and remittances helped, but made relatively smaller contributions to poverty reduction. Public transfers were important in reducing extreme poverty, pointing to the crucial role of social protection systems. How was labor income growth able to reduce poverty? After a review of the literature, a structural decomposition method is presented and implemented in three countries. The results show that that labor income grew mainly because of higher returns to human capital endowments. This could signal increases in productivity, a higher relative price of labor, or both. In Bangladesh and Peru, this was driven by higher returns to workers with low levels of education, which may have partly been driven by higher food prices. In contrast, in Thailand, poverty fell partly due to increasing returns to education.
Author : Margaret Grosh
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464802432
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book Understanding the Poverty Impact of the Global Financial Crisis in Latin America and the Caribbean written by Margaret Grosh and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-06-18 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using data from household and labor force surveys, this study documents the effects of the 2008–09 global financial crisis on poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean, the social protection policy responses activated, and a macro-micro modeling of crisis/no-crisis scenarios for Mexico and Brazil.
Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821397702
Total Pages : 49 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)
Download or read book Latin America and the Caribbean Poverty and Labor Brief, August 2012 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the last decade, economic growth in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has sharply accelerated, pushing poverty and inequality to historic lows in the most unequal region in the world. In 2012, as the world\2019s ongoing economic problems make optimistic predictions less certain and threaten to undermine gains against poverty and inequality, it is critical to understand the structural forces that have promoted recent positive social outcomes. This report explores how women in the region have played a critical role in achieving the poverty declines of the last decade, with their labor market participation rates growing 15 percent from 2000 to 2010. It further considers how future progress will require increased female economic power and more effective policies to promote it. If female labor income had remained the same during this period, holding all else constant, extreme poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean would have been 30 percent higher in 2010. In other words, 17.7 percent of the population in the region would have been below the extreme poverty rate, compared to the actual 14.6 percent. The report suggests focusing public policy on three priorities: expanding female labor market opportunities; improving female agency which - while important in its own right - has important potential benefits for equality of economic opportunities and assets, and supporting the growing number of poor single female-headed households. Along with these suggested policy priorities, strong monitoring and evaluation systems should be included to every extent possible.
Author : J. Love
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230618375
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (36 download)
Download or read book Brazil under Lula written by J. Love and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-01-05 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers the first multidisciplinary analysis of the impact of the government of President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva and his Workers' Party on Brazilian economy and society, as he begins his second four-year term.
Author : World Bank Group
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464809798
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2016 written by World Bank Group and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-10-12 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2016 is the first of an annual flagship report that will inform a global audience comprising development practitioners, policy makers, researchers, advocates, and citizens in general with the latest and most accurate estimates on trends in global poverty and shared prosperity. This edition will also document trends in inequality and identify recent country experiences that have been successful in reducing inequalities, provide key lessons from those experiences, and synthesize the rigorous evidence on public policies that can shift inequality in a way that bolsters poverty reduction and shared prosperity in a sustainable manner. Specifically, the report will address the following questions: • What is the latest evidence on the levels and evolution of extreme poverty and shared prosperity? • Which countries and regions have been more successful in terms of progress toward the twin goals and which are lagging behind? • What does the global context of lower economic growth mean for achieving the twin goals? • How can inequality reduction contribute to achieving the twin goals? • What does the evidence show concerning global and between- and within-country inequality trends? • Which interventions and countries have used the most innovative approaches to achieving the twin goals through reductions in inequality? The report will make four main contributions. First, it will present the most recent numbers on poverty, shared prosperity, and inequality. Second, it will stress the importance of inequality reduction in ending poverty and boosting shared prosperity by 2030 in a context of weaker growth. Third, it will highlight the diversity of within-country inequality reduction experiences and will synthesize experiences of successful countries and policies, addressing the roots of inequality without compromising economic growth. In doing so, the report will shatter some myths and sharpen our knowledge of what works in reducing inequalities. Finally, it will also advocate for the need to expand and improve data collection—for example, data availability, comparability, and quality—and rigorous evidence on inequality impacts in order to deliver high-quality poverty and shared prosperity monitoring.
Author : Juan R. Cuadrado-Roura
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642396747
Total Pages : 541 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)
Download or read book Regional Problems and Policies in Latin America written by Juan R. Cuadrado-Roura and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-07 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This contributed volume is the first book in English to offer a current and critical vision of regional problems and policies in the countries of Latin America. The book is in three main parts: a general overview of regional processes and trends in Latin America as a whole; country-level coverage of seven individual countries; and comparative analyses of common major problems such as migration, education, labor, poverty, decentralization, exports and foreign direct investments. Written by renowned academics and experts from the region, the book seeks to provide a better understanding of regional challenges and trends, regional disparities that exist in many Latin American countries and the increasing importance of metropolitan areas.
Author : Natália Sátyro
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040086845
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)
Download or read book Social Policies in Times of Austerity and Populism written by Natália Sátyro and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-07-12 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring the latest research by Brazilian-based scholars previously inaccessible to an English-speaking audience, this book is a timely, authoritative, multidisciplinary overview of social policies in Brazil during the Temer austerity and the Bolsonaro populist presidencies. The breadth of policies studied herein provides clues on the political agenda, preferences, and strategies during this tumultuous period in Brazil’s history. Divided into four parts, Part I is a conceptualization: it brings basic understanding of Brazilian social policies, explains the trajectory of the Brazil political landscape, including the growth of a populist right-wing movement, the economic crisis and the increase in poverty and inequality in Brazil prior, and the threat to democracy brought about by the disinformation ecosystem. Part II discusses social security, social assistance, conditional cash transfers, and healthcare. Part III analyzes the neoliberal strategies to social investment policies, specifically labor, family, and education. In Part IV, the authors turn their attention to non-conventional topics that are not typically included in research on welfare state retrenchment, including the environment and indigenous rights, and police violence and gun control. Social Policies in Times of Austerity and Populism is unhesitatingly recommended to all those who teach welfare state politics, comparative public policy, development studies, Brazilian politics, and right-wing politics.
Author : Hernán F. Gómez Bruera
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135050082
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)
Download or read book Lula, the Workers' Party and the Governability Dilemma in Brazil written by Hernán F. Gómez Bruera and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-18 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While scholars, activists and pundits from around the world have heralded the Lula years as a breakthrough for poverty reduction and the forthcoming emergence of Brazil as a dynamic economic superpower, many of their counterparts in the country as well as a number of Brazilianists elsewhere, have expressed great disappointment. Tracing back the trajectory of Brazilian Workers’ Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores - PT), Hernán F. Gómez Bruera explores how holding national executive public office contributed decisively to a pragmatic shift away from the party’s radical redistributive and participatory platform, earning the approbation of international audiences and criticisms of domestic progressives. He explains why a unique party, which originally promoted a radical progressive agenda of socio-economic redistribution and participatory democracy, eventually adopted an orthodox economic policy, formed legislative alliances with conservative parties, altered its relationship with social movements and relegated the participatory agenda to de sidelines. Touching on multiple dimensions, from economic policy and land reform to social policy, this book offers a distinct explanation as to why progressive parties of mass-based origin shift to the center over time and alter their relationships with their allies in civil society. Written in a clear and accessible style and featuring an enormous wealth of firsthand accounts from party leaders at all levels and within different factions, Gómez Bruera offers much needed new insights into why progressive parties alter their discourses and strategies when they occupy executive public office.
Author : Francesco Boldizzoni
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317561864
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)
Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Global Economic History written by Francesco Boldizzoni and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Global Economic History documents and interprets the development of economic history as a global discipline from the later nineteenth century to the present day. Exploring the normative and relativistic nature of different schools and traditions of thought, this handbook not only examines current paradigmatic western approaches, but also those conceived in less open societies and in varied economic, political and cultural contexts. In doing so, this book clears the way for greater critical understanding and a more genuinely global approach to economic history. This handbook brings together leading international contributors in order to systematically address cultural and intellectual traditions around the globe. Many of these are exposed for consideration for the first time in English. The chapters explore dominant ideas and historiographical trends, and open them up to critical transnational perspectives. This volume is essential reading for both academics and students in economic and social history. As this field of study is very much a bridge between the social sciences and humanities, the issues examined in the book will also have relevance for those seeking to understand the evolution of other academic disciplines under the pressures of varied economic, political and cultural circumstances, on both national and global scales.
