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Ultra Low Noise Readout Circuits For Magnetoresistive Sensors
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Book Synopsis Ultra-low-noise Readout Circuits for Magnetoresistive Sensors by : Ayman Mohamed
Download or read book Ultra-low-noise Readout Circuits for Magnetoresistive Sensors written by Ayman Mohamed and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ultra-Low Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance by : Robert Kraus Jr.
Download or read book Ultra-Low Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance written by Robert Kraus Jr. and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-02-26 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed to introduce the reader to the field of NMR/MRI at very low magnetic fields, from milli-Tesla to micro-Tesla, the ultra-low field (ULF) regime. The book is focused on applications to imaging the human brain, and hardware methods primarily based upon pre-polarization methods and SQUID-based detection. The goal of the text is to provide insight and tools for the reader to better understand what applications are best served by ULF NMR/MRI approaches. A discussion of the hardware challenges, such as shielding, operation of SQUID sensors in a dynamic field environment, and pulsed magnetic field generation are presented. One goal of the text is to provide the reader a framework of understanding the approaches to estimation and mitigation of low signal-to-noise and long imaging time, which are the main challenges. Special attention is paid to the combination of MEG and ULF MRI, and the benefits and challenges presented by trying to accomplish both with the same hardware. The book discusses the origin of unique relaxation contrast at ULF, and special considerations for image artifacts and how to correct them (i.e. concomitant gradients, ghost artifacts). A general discussion of MRI, with special consideration to the challenges of imaging at ULF and unique opportunities in pulse sequences, is presented. The book also presents an overview of some of the primary applications of ULF NMR/MRI being pursued.
Book Synopsis Low Power Sensor Readout Circuit Design for IoT Applications by : Wenda Zhao
Download or read book Low Power Sensor Readout Circuit Design for IoT Applications written by Wenda Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy and area-efficient sensor readouts have drawn increasing attention in the integrated circuit design field as the entering of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) era. Small form factor and extended battery life have become critical design targets as important as conventional analog and mixed-signal sensor readout specifications such as noise and dynamic range (DR). Technology advancement has brought extensive benefits to digital circuits, but analog circuits have been facing great design challenges due to the voltage supply and transistor intrinsic gain reduction in advanced processes. This presents a strong need for new design frameworks for sensor readouts that can leverage the properties of CMOS scaling instead of being limited by them. On the other hand, for sensor applications where multiple ADCs are required for multi-channel or parallel signal acquisition, the existence of a large number of ADCs usually causes area and power to grow linearly with the number of ADCs. For those applications, analog compression presents a great potential to become a valuable solution to further improve energy efficiency for sensor readouts on top of the advanced circuit design techniques. To address the challenges brought by the era of IoT, this dissertation explores solutions for IoT sensor readouts from two directions: area-/energy-efficient phase-domain VCO-based sensor readout circuit for single-channel general-purpose sensor interface and compressive sensing (CS) based analog compression scheme and readout circuits for multi-channel sensing scenarios. The first work presents a capacitively-coupled voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based sensor readout featuring a hybrid phase-locked loop (PLL) - [Delta-Sigma] modulator structure. This work aims to propose a solution to the issues of analog sensor readout in advanced processes. It leverages phase-locking and phase-frequency detector (PFD) array to concurrently perform quantization and dynamic element matching (DEM), much reducing hardware/power compared to existing VCO-based readouts' counting scheme. A low-cost in-cell data weighted averaging (DWA) scheme is presented to enable highly linear tri-level digital-to-analog converter (DAC). Fabricated in 40 nm CMOS, the prototype readout achieves 78 dB SNDR in 10 kHz bandwidth, consuming 4.68 μW and 0.025 mm2 active area. With 172 dB Schreier FoM, its efficiency advances state-of-the-art VCO-based readouts by 50 times. The second work presents a 4x compressive CMOS image sensor for always-on operation that achieves an energy efficiency of 51 pJ/pixel, while maintaining high image quality of PSNR > 32dB and SSIM > 0.84. This is enabled by an energy-efficient CS encoder, which replaces a densely populated CS encoding method with a highly sparse pseudo-diagonal one. Since the proposed CS encoder can be implemented with an energy-efficient switched-capacitor matrix multiplier at pixel outputs, data compression is achieved before to pixel digitization, thereby greatly reducing ADC power, data size, and I/O power. The energy efficiency of the image sensor is further improved by incorporating it into dynamic single-slope ADCs. A prototype VGA image sensor consumes only 0.7 mW at 45 fps. The corresponding energy per pixel (51 pJ/pixel) amounts to a 20x improvement over the previous low-energy benchmark on CS image sensors
Book Synopsis Low-noise and Low-power Readout Circuits for Biomedical Applications by : 李峯文
Download or read book Low-noise and Low-power Readout Circuits for Biomedical Applications written by 李峯文 and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sensors and Microsystems by : Arnaldo D’Amico
Download or read book Sensors and Microsystems written by Arnaldo D’Amico and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-11 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a selection of papers presented at the 16th AISEM (“Associazione Italiana Sensori e Microsistemi”) National Conference on Sensors and Microsystems, held in Rome 7-9 February 2011. The conference highlighted updated results from both theoretical and applied research in the field of sensors and microsystems. This book presents material in an interdisciplinary approach, covering many aspects of the disciplines related to sensors and microsystems, including physics, chemistry, materials science, biology and applications.
Download or read book Biomag 96 written by Cheryl J. Aine and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 1218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A modified Linear Estimation Approach was performed to reconstruct current sources within the heart. Based on MRI data sets the Boundary Element Method was used to create tailored multicompartment models of the human thorax which were used to solve the forward problem of magnetocardiography. The ability of the proposed method was demonstrated for the localization of a single current dipole as an example of a focal source. By means of introducing small shiftings to all reconstruction dipoles during linear estimation solution as well as performing a successive focussing strategy ignoring places without significant electrical activity the method could easily be extended to the reconstruction of real 3D sources. Based on a special minimum-norm solution the source volume can be estimated applying a finite element approximation using cube elements. The size of an extended current source can be estimated by superimposing the reconstructed dipoles to an equivalent dipole and comparing the corresponding volume with the sphere which would be related to the equivalent dipole. The deviation of these volumes can be taken as a criterion for non-dipolarity of sources.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Electronics with Quantum Cryogenic Detectors by : Vladimir Polushkin
Download or read book Nuclear Electronics with Quantum Cryogenic Detectors written by Vladimir Polushkin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-08-08 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NUCLEAR ELECTRONICS WITH QUANTUM CRYOGENIC DETECTORS An ideal, comprehensive reference on quantum cryogenic detector instrumentation for the semiconductor and nuclear electronics industries Quantum nuclear electronics is an important scientific and technological field that overviews the development of the most advanced analytical instrumentation. This instrumentation covers a broad range of applications such as astrophysics, fundamental nuclear research facilities, chemical nano-spectroscopy laboratories, remote sensing, security systems, forensic investigations, and more. In the years since the first edition of this popular resource, the discipline has developed from demonstrating the unprecedented energy resolving power of individual devices to building large frame cameras with hundreds of thousands of pixel arrays capable of measuring and processing massive information flow. Building upon its first edition, the second edition of Nuclear Electronics with Quantum Cryogenic Detectors reflects the latest advances by focusing on novel microwave kinetic inductance detection devices (MKIDs), the microwave superconducting quantum interferometers (MSQUIDs) extending by orders of magnitude the scalability of cryogenic detectors implementing newly developed multiplexing techniques and decoding algorithms. More, it reflects on the interaction of quantum cryogenic detectors—which in turn can be paired with semiconductor large frame cameras to provide a broad picture of a sky or chemical sample—and quantum devices, making this second edition of Nuclear Electronics a one-stop reference for the combined technologies. The book also provides an overview of latest developments in front-end electronics, signal processing channels, and cryogenics—all components of quantum spectroscopic systems—and provides guidance on the design and applications of the future quantum cryogenic ultra-high-resolution spectrometers. Nuclear Electronics with Quantum Cryogenic Detectors readers will also find: Fully revised material from the first edition relating to cryogenic requirements Brand new chapters on semiconductor radiation sensors, cooling and magnetic shielding for cryogenic detector systems; front-end readout electronic circuits for quantum cryogenic detectors; energy resolution of quantum cryogenic spectrometers; and applications of spectrometers based on cryogenic detectors A number of brand-new chapters dedicated to applications using MSQUID multiplexing technique, an area that will dominate the cryogenic detector field in the next decades Nuclear Electronics with Quantum Cryogenic Detectors provides a comprehensive overview of the entire discipline for researchers, industrial engineers, and graduate students involved in the development of high-precision nuclear measurements, nuclear analytical instrumentation, and advanced superconductor primary sensors. It is also a helpful resource for electrical and electronic engineers and physicists in the nuclear industry, as well as specialist researchers or professionals working in cryogenics applications like biomagnetism, quantum computing, gravitation measurement, and more.
Download or read book Nanosensors written by Vinod Kumar Khanna and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together widely scattered information, Nanosensors: Physical, Chemical, and Biological explores sensor development in the nanotechnology age. This easy-to-read book presents a critical appraisal of the new opportunities in the area of sensors provided by nanotechnologies and nanotechnology-enabled advancements. After introducing nanosensor classification and fundamental terms, the book outlines the properties of important nanomaterials and nanotechnologies used in nanosensor fabrication. Subsequent chapters are organized according to nanosensor type: physical (mechanical and acoustical, thermal and radiation, optical, and magnetic); chemical (atomic and molecular energies); and biological. The final chapter summarizes the current state of the field and discusses future trends. A complete and authoritative guide to nanosensors, this book offers up-to-date information on the fabrication, properties, and operating mechanisms of these fast and reliable sensors. It addresses progress in the field, fundamental issues and challenges facing researchers, and prospects for future development.
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Superconductivity and Particle Detection by :
Download or read book Superconductivity and Particle Detection written by and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1995 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office by : United States. Patent Office
Download or read book Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office written by United States. Patent Office and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 1846 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Extreme Environment Electronics by : John D. Cressler
Download or read book Extreme Environment Electronics written by John D. Cressler and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 1041 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unfriendly to conventional electronic devices, circuits, and systems, extreme environments represent a serious challenge to designers and mission architects. The first truly comprehensive guide to this specialized field, Extreme Environment Electronics explains the essential aspects of designing and using devices, circuits, and electronic systems intended to operate in extreme environments, including across wide temperature ranges and in radiation-intense scenarios such as space. The Definitive Guide to Extreme Environment Electronics Featuring contributions by some of the world’s foremost experts in extreme environment electronics, the book provides in-depth information on a wide array of topics. It begins by describing the extreme conditions and then delves into a description of suitable semiconductor technologies and the modeling of devices within those technologies. It also discusses reliability issues and failure mechanisms that readers need to be aware of, as well as best practices for the design of these electronics. Continuing beyond just the "paper design" of building blocks, the book rounds out coverage of the design realization process with verification techniques and chapters on electronic packaging for extreme environments. The final set of chapters describes actual chip-level designs for applications in energy and space exploration. Requiring only a basic background in electronics, the book combines theoretical and practical aspects in each self-contained chapter. Appendices supply additional background material. With its broad coverage and depth, and the expertise of the contributing authors, this is an invaluable reference for engineers, scientists, and technical managers, as well as researchers and graduate students. A hands-on resource, it explores what is required to successfully operate electronics in the most demanding conditions.
Book Synopsis Superconductivity And Particle Detection - Proceedings Of The International Workshop by : G Waysand
Download or read book Superconductivity And Particle Detection - Proceedings Of The International Workshop written by G Waysand and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1995-03-07 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superconductors today constitute a major focus of activity in the development of high resolution detectors for many applications. This volume collects the papers of an international workshop on the basic theoretical and experimental issues involved in the interaction between particles and superconductors. It emphasizes the involved condensed matter aspects of non-equilibrium time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations, metastable superconductivity, quasiparticle and phonon lifetimes, and quasiparticle trapping, as well as low-noise pulse electronics, detector fabrication and low background cryogenics.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quantum Materials, Devices, and Applications by : Mohamed Henini
Download or read book Quantum Materials, Devices, and Applications written by Mohamed Henini and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-08-24 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantum Materials, Devices, and Applications covers the advances made in quantum technologies, both in research and mass production for applications in electronics, photonics, sensing, biomedical, environmental and agricultural applications. The book includes new materials, new device structures that are commercially available, and many more at the advanced research stage. It reviews the most relevant, current and emerging materials and device structures, organized by key applications and covers existing devices, technologies and future possibilities within a common framework of high-performance quantum devices. This book will be ideal for researchers and practitioners in academia, industry and those in materials science and engineering, electrical engineering and physics disciplines. Comprehensively covers the important and rapidly growing area of quantum technologies by focusing on current and emerging materials, devices and applications Takes an applied approach to the topic by addressing key applications in electronics, optoelectronics, photonics, sensing and the environment Addresses ethical considerations, remaining challenges and future opportunities for quantum materials and devices