U S Intervention And Regime Change In Nicaragua

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U. S. Intervention and Regime Change in Nicaragua

Author : Mauricio Solaun
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 149621160X
Total Pages : 585 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (962 download)

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Book Synopsis U. S. Intervention and Regime Change in Nicaragua by : Mauricio Solaun

Download or read book U. S. Intervention and Regime Change in Nicaragua written by Mauricio Solaun and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2021-08-05 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As President Carter's ambassador to Nicaragua from 1977-1979, Mauricio Solaún witnessed a critical moment in Central American history. In U.S. Intervention and Regime Change in Nicaragua, Solaún outlines the role of U.S. foreign policy during the Carter administration and explains how this policy with respect to the Nicaraguan Revolution of 1979 not only failed but helped impede the institutionalization of democracy there. Late in the 1970s, the United States took issue with the Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza. Moral suasion, economic sanctions, and other peaceful instruments from Washington led to violent revolution in Nicaragua and bolstered a new dictatorial government. A U.S.-supported counterrevolution formed, and Solaún argues that the United States attempts to this day to determine who rules Nicaragua. Solaún explores the mechanisms that kept Somoza's poorly legitimized regime in power for decades, making it the most enduring Latin American authoritarian regime of the twentieth century. Solaún argues that continual shifts in U.S. international policy have been made in response to previous policies that failed to produce U.S.- friendly international environments. His historical survey of these policy shifts provides a window on the working of U.S. diplomacy and lessons for future policy-making.

Overthrow

Author : Stephen Kinzer
Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 0805082409
Total Pages : 415 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Overthrow by : Stephen Kinzer

Download or read book Overthrow written by Stephen Kinzer and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2007-02-06 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An award-winning author tells the stories of the audacious American politicians, military commanders, and business executives who took it upon themselves to depose monarchs, presidents, and prime ministers of other countries with disastrous long-term consequences.

U.S. Presidents and Latin American Interventions

Author : Michael Grow
Publisher : University Press of Kansas
ISBN 13 : 0700618880
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis U.S. Presidents and Latin American Interventions by : Michael Grow

Download or read book U.S. Presidents and Latin American Interventions written by Michael Grow and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2008-06-10 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lyndon Johnson invaded the Dominican Republic. Richard Nixon sponsored a coup attempt in Chile. Ronald Reagan waged covert warfare in Nicaragua. Nearly a dozen times during the Cold War, American presidents turned their attention from standoffs with the Soviet Union to intervene in Latin American affairs. In each instance, it was declared that the security of the United States was at stake-but, as Michael Grow demonstrates, these actions had more to do with flexing presidential muscle than responding to imminent danger. From Eisenhower's toppling of Arbenz in Guatemala in 1954 to Bush's overthrow of Noriega in Panama in 1989, Grow casts a close eye on eight major cases of U.S. intervention in the Western Hemisphere, offering fresh interpretations of why they occurred and what they signified. The case studies also include the Bay of Pigs fiasco, Reagan's invasion of Grenada in 1983, and JFK's little-known 1963 intervention against the government of Cheddi Jagan in British Guiana. Grow argues that it was not threats to U.S. national security or endangered economic interests that were decisive in prompting presidents to launch these interventions. Rather, each intervention was part of a symbolic geopolitical chess match in which the White House sought to project an image of overpowering strength to audiences at home and abroad-in order to preserve both national and presidential credibility. As Grow also reveals, that impulse was routinely reinforced by local Latin American elites-such as Chilean businessmen or opposition Panamanian politicians-who actively promoted intervention in their own self-interest. LBJ's loud lament—“What can we do in Vietnam if we can't clean up the Dominican Republic?”—reflected just how preoccupied our presidents were with proving that the U.S. was no paper tiger and that they themselves were fearless and forceful leaders. Meticulously argued and provocative, Grow's bold reinterpretation of Cold War history shows that this special preoccupation with credibility was at the very core of our presidents' approach to foreign relations, especially those involving our Latin American neighbors.

A Faustian Bargain

Author : William I Robinson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429722605
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (297 download)

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Book Synopsis A Faustian Bargain by : William I Robinson

Download or read book A Faustian Bargain written by William I Robinson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A penetrating analysis of the controversial U.S. role in the 1990 Nicaraguan elections-the most closely monitored in history-this book exposes the intervention in the electoral process of a sovereign nation by the Central Intelligence Agency, the Department of State, the National Endowment for Democracy, and private U.S.-based organizations. Robins

Nicaragua, the Price of Intervention

Author : Peter Kornbluh
Publisher : Washington, D.C. : Institute for Policy Studies
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Nicaragua, the Price of Intervention by : Peter Kornbluh

Download or read book Nicaragua, the Price of Intervention written by Peter Kornbluh and published by Washington, D.C. : Institute for Policy Studies. This book was released on 1987 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Origins of Overthrow

Author : Payam Ghalehdar
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190695889
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis The Origins of Overthrow by : Payam Ghalehdar

Download or read book The Origins of Overthrow written by Payam Ghalehdar and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-06 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why has the United States repeatedly engaged in the overthrow of foreign leaders and regimes? Although most regime change interventions have neither furthered US national security nor improved the fate of targeted states, the US has turned to this foreign policy instrument in at least sixteen cases from 1906 to 2011. In The Origins of Overthrow, Payam Ghalehdar explains US-imposed regime change by focusing on its emotional underpinnings. Based on a thorough analysis of the emotional state of five US presidents, he shows how "emotional frustration"-an emotional syndrome that combines hegemonic expectations, perceptions of hatred in target state obstructions, and negative affect-has repeatedly influenced US regime change decisions. When US presidents have been gripped by this emotion, Ghalehdar argues, they have turned to the use of force and targeted perceived sources of obstruction in order to ameliorate their emotional state and discharge frustration. Examining five US regime change episodes in two world regions (Cuba 1906, Nicaragua 1909-12, and the Dominican Republic 1963-65 in the Western hemisphere, and Iran 1979-80, and Iraq 2001-03 in the Middle East), he empirically illustrates the emotional sources of US intervention decisions. A novel explanation for a puzzling phenomenon in US foreign policy, The Origins of Overthrow sheds light on how emotions play a previously overlooked role in US regime change decisions.

Nicaragua

Author : Daniel Kovalick
Publisher : SCB Distributors
ISBN 13 : 1949762645
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (497 download)

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Book Synopsis Nicaragua by : Daniel Kovalick

Download or read book Nicaragua written by Daniel Kovalick and published by SCB Distributors. This book was released on 2023 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the pernicious nature of US engagement with Nicaragua from the mid-19th century to the present in pursuit of control and domination rather than in defense of democracy as it has incessantly claimed. In turn, Nicaraguans have valiantly defended their homeland, preventing the US from ever maintaining its control for long. While there were intermittent US forays into Nicaragua in the 1850s, sustained intervention in Nicaragua only began in 1911 when the US invaded Nicaragua to put a halt to a canal project connecting its Atlantic and Pacific coasts to be partnered with Japan - a project the US wanted to control for itself. The US Marines subsequently invaded Nicaragua a number of times between 1911 and 1934 to try to maintain control over it, only to be repelled by peasant guerillas led by Augusto Cesar Sandino. The Marines left for good only after the US had set up the dictatorship of Anastasio Somoza, who then lured Sandino to Managua on the promise of a peace deal and murdered him in cold blood. Successive generations of Somozas would rule Nicaragua with an iron hand and critical US support until finally, in 1979, the latest iteration was ousted by the Sandinistas - a movement inspired by Sandino and motivated by a unique philosophy merging Christianity and Marxism. Led by Daniel Ortega, the Sandinistas established democracy in Nicaragua with the country's first free and fair elections in 1984. Once again, the US attempted to subvert democracy by organizing Somoza's former National Guardsmen into a terrorist group known as the Contras. Directed and funded by the CIA, the Contras would terrorize Nicaragua for nearly 10 years. In 1990, the Sandinistas stood for early election and the war-weary voters selected Violeta Chamorro. The Sandinistas relinquished office peacefully stepped, ceding the government to Chamorro. For 17 long years, from 1990 to 2007, neo-liberal governments, beginning with Violetta Chamorro, governed Nicaragua. Backed by the US, these governments neglected the people, leaving almost half of the country un-electrified, without decent education or health care, and in poverty. When Daniel Ortega and the Sandinistas returned to power in 2007 through elections, they immediately established free health care and education, built infrastructure throughout the country, and began to eradicate poverty. Now, almost 100% of the country is electrified; poverty and extreme poverty have been greatly diminished.t

Covert Regime Change

Author : Lindsey A. O'Rourke
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501730681
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Covert Regime Change by : Lindsey A. O'Rourke

Download or read book Covert Regime Change written by Lindsey A. O'Rourke and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-12-15 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: States seldom resort to war to overthrow their adversaries. They are more likely to attempt to covertly change the opposing regime, by assassinating a foreign leader, sponsoring a coup d’état, meddling in a democratic election, or secretly aiding foreign dissident groups. In Covert Regime Change, Lindsey A. O’Rourke shows us how states really act when trying to overthrow another state. She argues that conventional focus on overt cases misses the basic causes of regime change. O’Rourke provides substantive evidence of types of security interests that drive states to intervene. Offensive operations aim to overthrow a current military rival or break up a rival alliance. Preventive operations seek to stop a state from taking certain actions, such as joining a rival alliance, that may make them a future security threat. Hegemonic operations try to maintain a hierarchical relationship between the intervening state and the target government. Despite the prevalence of covert attempts at regime change, most operations fail to remain covert and spark blowback in unanticipated ways. Covert Regime Change assembles an original dataset of all American regime change operations during the Cold War. This fund of information shows the United States was ten times more likely to try covert rather than overt regime change during the Cold War. Her dataset allows O’Rourke to address three foundational questions: What motivates states to attempt foreign regime change? Why do states prefer to conduct these operations covertly rather than overtly? How successful are such missions in achieving their foreign policy goals?

Inside the Volcano

Author : William Bigelow
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Inside the Volcano by : William Bigelow

Download or read book Inside the Volcano written by William Bigelow and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Sandinista Nicaragua's Resistance to US Coercion

Author : Héctor Perla, Jr
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110711389X
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Sandinista Nicaragua's Resistance to US Coercion by : Héctor Perla, Jr

Download or read book Sandinista Nicaragua's Resistance to US Coercion written by Héctor Perla, Jr and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book traces the process through which Nicaraguans defeated US aggression in a highly unequal confrontation.

Confronting the American Dream

Author : Michel Gobat
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822387182
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis Confronting the American Dream by : Michel Gobat

Download or read book Confronting the American Dream written by Michel Gobat and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2005-12-27 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Michel Gobat deftly interweaves political, economic, cultural, and diplomatic history to analyze the reactions of Nicaraguans to U.S. intervention in their country from the heyday of Manifest Destiny in the mid–nineteenth century through the U.S. occupation of 1912–33. Drawing on extensive research in Nicaraguan and U.S. archives, Gobat accounts for two seeming paradoxes that have long eluded historians of Latin America: that Nicaraguans so strongly embraced U.S. political, economic, and cultural forms to defend their own nationality against U.S. imposition and that the country’s wealthiest and most Americanized elites were transformed from leading supporters of U.S. imperial rule into some of its greatest opponents. Gobat focuses primarily on the reactions of the elites to Americanization, because the power and identity of these Nicaraguans were the most significantly affected by U.S. imperial rule. He describes their adoption of aspects of “the American way of life” in the mid–nineteenth century as strategic rather than wholesale. Chronicling the U.S. occupation of 1912–33, he argues that the anti-American turn of Nicaragua’s most Americanized oligarchs stemmed largely from the efforts of U.S. bankers, marines, and missionaries to spread their own version of the American dream. In part, the oligarchs’ reversal reflected their anguish over the 1920s rise of Protestantism, the “modern woman,” and other “vices of modernity” emanating from the United States. But it also responded to the unintended ways that U.S. modernization efforts enabled peasants to weaken landlord power. Gobat demonstrates that the U.S. occupation so profoundly affected Nicaragua that it helped engender the Sandino Rebellion of 1927–33, the Somoza dictatorship of 1936–79, and the Sandinista Revolution of 1979–90.

Nicaragua

Author : Dianna Melrose
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Nicaragua by : Dianna Melrose

Download or read book Nicaragua written by Dianna Melrose and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Debt.

Eisenhower, Somoza, and the Cold War in Nicaragua

Author : Michael D. Gambone
Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 : 9780275959432
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (594 download)

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Book Synopsis Eisenhower, Somoza, and the Cold War in Nicaragua by : Michael D. Gambone

Download or read book Eisenhower, Somoza, and the Cold War in Nicaragua written by Michael D. Gambone and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1997 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the Cold War era, the United States faced the prospect of expanding its power in Central America. But we miscalculated—grievously. After 1945, Central America teemed with leaders willing to alter the region's quasi-colonial status. Some, like Fidel Castro, sought out revolution to shatter the status quo. Others, like Anastasio Somoza Garcia, attempted to seek out new directions along more subtle paths. Nicaragua subsequently challenged American hegemony in a manner at once more deliberate and more dangerous than any other effort in the hemisphere. The Somoza regime, unlike its contemporaries, chose to utilize American institutions and American preferences to subvert the latter's power rather than reinforce it. American arrogance, combined with a complacent approach to policy in its global backyard, offered a myriad of political, military, and economic opportunities to a leader willing to take risks. In the years after 1945, Somoza was thus able to peel away layers of clientage until, at certain moments, he could act as a partner of his northern neighbor.

The Politics of Intervention

Author : Roger Burbach
Publisher : New York, N.Y. : Monthly Review Press ; Berkeley, Cal. : Center for the Study of the Americas
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Politics of Intervention by : Roger Burbach

Download or read book The Politics of Intervention written by Roger Burbach and published by New York, N.Y. : Monthly Review Press ; Berkeley, Cal. : Center for the Study of the Americas. This book was released on 1984 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Twilight Struggle

Author : Robert Kagan
Publisher : VNR AG
ISBN 13 : 9780028740577
Total Pages : 942 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis A Twilight Struggle by : Robert Kagan

Download or read book A Twilight Struggle written by Robert Kagan and published by VNR AG. This book was released on 1996 with total page 942 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Kagan contends that the Carter administration's halfhearted intervention in Nicaragua was in response to American feelings of guilt for Washington's longtime support of the Somoza dynasty. The Reagan-era intervention, on the other hand, originated in American anxiety over Soviet encroachment in the Western hemisphere. Kagan recounts how American popular aversion to the employment of U.S. military muscle in Central America led to the administration's covert support of the contras and goes on to explain how the clash between the Reagan White House and Congress over "freedom fighter" funding led to the Iran-contra affair in 1987. Although the surprising electoral victory of Violeta Chamorro over the Sandinistas was widely recognized as a success for American policy, the U.S. remains caught in a continuous cycle of intervention and withdrawal in Nicaragua, according to Kagan. As a member of the State Department's Policy Planning Staff, Kagan was a direct participant in many of the events described in this authoritative and definitive account of U.S."--Publisher's description.

U.S. Presidents and Latin American Interventions

Author : Michael Grow
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (97 download)

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Book Synopsis U.S. Presidents and Latin American Interventions by : Michael Grow

Download or read book U.S. Presidents and Latin American Interventions written by Michael Grow and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reveals how Cold War U.S. presidents intervened in Latin America not, as the official argument stated, to protect economic interests or war off perceived national security threats, but rather as a way of responding to questions about strength and credibility both globally and at home.

Blood on the Border

Author : Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz
Publisher : University of Oklahoma Press
ISBN 13 : 0806156430
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (61 download)

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Book Synopsis Blood on the Border by : Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz

Download or read book Blood on the Border written by Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2016-08-03 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human rights activist and historian Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz has been described as “a force of nature on the page and off.” That force is fully present in Blood on the Border, the third in her acclaimed series of memoirs. Seamlessly blending the personal and the political, Blood on the Border is Dunbar-Ortiz’s firsthand account of the decade-long dirty war pursued by the Contras and the United States against the people of Nicaragua. With the 1981 bombing of a Nicaraguan plane in Mexico City—a plane Dunbar-Ortiz herself would have been on if not for a delay—the US-backed Contras (short for los contrarrevolucionarios) launched a major offensive against Nicaragua’s Sandinista regime, which the Reagan administration labeled as communist. While her rich political analysis of the US-Nicaraguan relationship bears the mark of a trained historian, Dunbar-Ortiz also writes from her perspective as an intrepid activist who spent months at a time throughout the 1980s in the war-torn country, especially in the remote northeastern region, where the Indigenous Miskitu people were relentlessly assailed and nearly wiped out by CIA-trained Contra mercenaries. She makes painfully clear the connections between what many US Americans today remember only vaguely as the Iran-Contra “affair” and ongoing US aggression in the Americas, the Middle East, and around the world—connections made even more explicit in a new afterword written for this edition. A compelling, important, and sobering story on its own, Blood on the Border offers a deeply informed, closely observed, and heartfelt view of history in the making.