Two Thousand Years Of Economic Statistics Years 1 2014 Vol 2 By Country

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Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Years 1-2014, Vol. 2, by Country

Author : Alexander V. Avakov
Publisher : Algora Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1628942517
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Years 1-2014, Vol. 2, by Country by : Alexander V. Avakov

Download or read book Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Years 1-2014, Vol. 2, by Country written by Alexander V. Avakov and published by Algora Publishing. This book was released on 2017-01-15 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Who's winning and who's losing? This book provides hard data for all who ponder the shifting sands of power, whether economic, military or demographic, and seek keys to decipher the media news. Going far beyond the major powers and the BRIC countries, this economic statistical work, issued every few years, presents historical statistics in nine sections.

This is Volume 2, which lists (1) Population/Growth Rates of Population by country, (2) GDP Per Capita/Growth Rates of GDP Per Capita by country, and (3) GDP/Growth Rates of GDP by country.

Volume 1 (sold separately) covers: (1) Population by rank, (2) GDP Per Capita by rank, (3) GDP by rank, (4) Growth Rates of Population by rank, (5) Growth Rates of GDP Per Capita by rank, (6) Growth Rates of GDP by rank.

This biennial work contains data generally not available elsewhere, and in ways that help make it possible to draw useful comparisons.

First, it provides statistical data for all countries of the world (236 countries, within their 2011 borders) since the year 1950 (by decade, with 2011 in addition), plus forecasts for 2020 and 2030. Second, it provides data for 135 countries since the year 1000 (with data for 1000, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1820, 1870, 1880, 1890, 1900, 1913, 1920, 1929, and 1938). Third, it provides data for 134 countries for the first year AD.

In Volume 1 [572 pages], this data is arranged by rank, or size. In this, Volume 2 [438 pages], the countries are listed alphabetically.

This book is based on the groundbreaking works of Angus Maddison but it gives data up to the most recent year available and calculates GDP (gross and per capita) in the prices of that year.

For recent years, the World Bank, CIA, and Encyclopedia Britannica were principal sources. But, despite the author's great debt to these sources, the preponderance of data in the book is not direct citations from them but rather the result of calculations. Among other computational techniques he uses a new logarithmic interpolation which takes care of cross-country statistical distortions when calculating in the prices of the most recent year. For every line of data (for every country, each year), he provides a note on the technique used in obtaining his estimate (i.e., proxy, exponential interpolation, direct estimate with source citation, etc.).

Dr. Avakov's annual title, "Quality of Life, Balance of Powers, and Nuclear Weapons," gives a current snapshot of world economic and military statistics. This work, "Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics," gives world population figures and current GDP data in a historical perspective.

Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics (2017)

Author : Nicholas J. Pappas
Publisher : Algora Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1628942487
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics (2017) by : Nicholas J. Pappas

Download or read book Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics (2017) written by Nicholas J. Pappas and published by Algora Publishing. This book was released on 2017-01-15 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data generally not available elsewhere are presented here in ways that help make it possible to draw useful comparisons. First, it provides population data for all countries for all countries of the world (271/272 countries). This includes independent states and dependent territories which have at least some population. The standard used is the Doctrine of Sovereignty, which does not require international recognition but requires the existence of separate governments with control over their territories. Second, it provides GDP and GDP Per Capita for 254 countries (within their 2014 borders) since the year 1950, plus forecasts for 2020 to 2060. Third, going back to the first year AD, it provides data for 139 countries. In Volume 1, the countries are sorted according to size. In Volume 2, the countries are listed alphabetically. (The two volumes are sold separately.) Sources include the World Bank, CIA, and Encyclopedia Britannica, and the World Bank World Development Indicators Online for the latest year. However, the preponderance of data in the book is not directly cited from them but rather is the result of proprietary calculations. Among other computational techniques the author has used a new logarithmic interpolation to account for cross-country statistical distortions when calculating in the prices of the most recent year.

Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Years 1 - 2012

Author : Alexander V. Avakov
Publisher : Algora Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1628941375
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Years 1 - 2012 by : Alexander V. Avakov

Download or read book Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Years 1 - 2012 written by Alexander V. Avakov and published by Algora Publishing. This book was released on 2015-04-01 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Who's winning and who's losing? This book provides hard data for all who ponder the shifting sands of power, whether economic, military or demographic, and seek keys to decipher the media news. Going far beyond the major powers and the BRIC countries, this economic statistical work, issued every few years, presents historical statistics in nine sections. This is Volume 2, which lists (1) Population/Growth Rates of Population by country, (2) GDP Per Capita/Growth Rates of GDP Per Capita by country, and (3) GDP/Growth Rates of GDP by country. Volume 1 (sold separately) covers: (1) Population by rank, (2) GDP Per Capita by rank, (3) GDP by rank, (4) Growth Rates of Population by rank, (5) Growth Rates of GDP Per Capita by rank, (6) Growth Rates of GDP by rank. This biennial work contains data generally not available elsewhere, and in ways that help make it possible to draw useful comparisons. First, it provides statistical data for all countries of the world (236 countries, within their 2011 borders) since the year 1950 (by decade, with 2011 in addition), plus forecasts for 2020 and 2030. Second, it provides data for 135 countries since the year 1000 (with data for 1000, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1820, 1870, 1880, 1890, 1900, 1913, 1920, 1929, and 1938). Third, it provides data for 134 countries for the first year AD. In Volume 1 [572 pages], this data is arranged by rank, or size. In this, Volume 2 [438 pages], the countries are listed alphabetically. This book is based on the groundbreaking works of Angus Maddison but it gives data up to the most recent year available and calculates GDP (gross and per capita) in the prices of that year. For recent years, the World Bank, CIA, and Encyclopedia Britannica were principal sources. But, despite the author's great debt to these sources, the preponderance of data in the book is not direct citations from them but rather the result of calculations. Among other computational techniques he uses a new logarithmic interpolation which takes care of cross-country statistical distortions when calculating in the prices of the most recent year. For every line of data (for every country, each year), he provides a note on the technique used in obtaining his estimate (i.e., proxy, exponential interpolation, direct estimate with source citation, etc.). Dr. Avakov's annual title, "Quality of Life, Balance of Powers, and Nuclear Weapons," gives a current snapshot of world economic and military statistics. This work, "Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics," gives world population figures and current GDP data in a historical perspective.

Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Years 1 - 2012

Author : Aleksandr Vladimirovich Avakov
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781628941357
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (413 download)

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Book Synopsis Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Years 1 - 2012 by : Aleksandr Vladimirovich Avakov

Download or read book Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Years 1 - 2012 written by Aleksandr Vladimirovich Avakov and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Who's winning and who's losing? This book provides hard data for all who ponder the shifting sands of power, whether economic, military or demographic, and seek keys to decipher the media news. Going far beyond the major powers and the BRIC countries, this economic statistical work, issued every few years, presents historical statistics in nine sections. This is Volume 1, which lists (1) Population by rank, (2) GDP Per Capita by rank, (3) GDP by rank, (4) Growth Rates of Population by rank, (5) Growth Rates of GDP Per Capita by rank, (6) Growth Rates of GDP by rank. Volume 2 (sold separately) covers: (1) Population/Growth Rates of Population by country, (2) GDP Per Capita/Growth Rates of GDP Per Capita by country, and (3) GDP/Growth Rates of GDP by country. This biennial work contains data generally not available elsewhere, and in ways that help make it possible to draw useful comparisons. First, it provides statistical data for all countries of the world (236 countries, within their 2011 borders) since the year 1950 (by decade, with 2011 in addition), plus forecasts for 2020 and 2030. Second, it provides data for 135 countries since the year 1000 (with data for 1000, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1820, 1870, 1880, 1890, 1900, 1913, 1920, 1929, and 1938). Third, it provides data for 134 countries for the first year AD.

Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics

Author : Aleksandr Vladimirovich Avakov
Publisher : Algora Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0875867529
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (758 download)

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Book Synopsis Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics by : Aleksandr Vladimirovich Avakov

Download or read book Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics written by Aleksandr Vladimirovich Avakov and published by Algora Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This statistical volume contains data usually unavailable in other statistical publications. It gives statistics for two groups of countries in their 2007 borders. First, since year 1950 (for 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2007), it provides statistical data for all countries of the world (232 countries). Second, since year 1 AD (for 0001, 1000, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1820, 1870, 1880, 1890, 1900, 1913, 1920, 1929, and 1938), it provides data for a smaller group of countries (133 countries). This book is based on the groundbreaking works of Angus Maddison but it differs from his books in that it gives data up to the most recent year available and calculates GDP (gross and per capita) in the prices of that most recent year. For the recent years, the World Bank, CIA, and Encyclopedia Britannica were principal sources. But, despite the author's great debt to these sources, the preponderance of data in the book is not direct citations from them but rather the result of calculations. Among other computational techniques he uses a new logarithmic interpolation which takes care of cross-country statistical distortions when calculating in the prices of the most recent year. For every line of data (for every country, each year), he provides a note on the technique used in obtaining his estimate (i. e., proxy, exponential interpolation, direct estimate with source citation, etc.). Dr. Avakov's annual title Quality of Life, Balance of Powers, and Nuclear Weapons gives a current snapshot of world statistics. This new work, Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, gives the population and current price GDP data in a historical perspective.

Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Years 1-2012

Author : Aleksandr Vladimirovich Avakov
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781628940992
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (49 download)

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Book Synopsis Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Years 1-2012 by : Aleksandr Vladimirovich Avakov

Download or read book Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Years 1-2012 written by Aleksandr Vladimirovich Avakov and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Who's winning and who's losing? This book provides hard data for all who ponder the shifting sands of power, whether economic, military or demographic, and seek keys to decipher the media news. Going far beyond the major powers and the BRIC countries, this economic statistical work, issued every few years, presents historical statistics in nine sections. This is Volume 1, which lists (1) Population by rank, (2) GDP Per Capita by rank, (3) GDP by rank, (4) Growth Rates of Population by rank, (5) Growth Rates of GDP Per Capita by rank, (6) Growth Rates of GDP by rank. Volume 2 (sold separately) covers: (1) Population/Growth Rates of Population by country, (2) GDP Per Capita/Growth Rates of GDP Per Capita by country, and (3) GDP/Growth Rates of GDP by country. This biennial work contains data generally not available elsewhere, and in ways that help make it possible to draw useful comparisons. First, it provides statistical data for all countries of the world (236 countries, within their 2011 borders) since the year 1950 (by decade, with 2011 in addition), plus forecasts for 2020 and 2030. Second, it provides data for 135 countries since the year 1000 (with data for 1000, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1820, 1870, 1880, 1890, 1900, 1913, 1920, 1929, and 1938). Third, it provides data for 134 countries for the first year AD.

Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Years 1-2014, Vol. 2, by Country

Author : Alexander V. Avakov
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781628942507
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Years 1-2014, Vol. 2, by Country by : Alexander V. Avakov

Download or read book Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Years 1-2014, Vol. 2, by Country written by Alexander V. Avakov and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-15 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Who's winning and who's losing? This biennial work provides hard data for all who ponder the shifting sands of power, whether economic, military or demographic, and seek keys to decipher the media news. Going far beyond the major powers and the BRIC countries, this economic statistical work, issued every few years, presents historical statistics in nine sections.This is Volume 2, which lists (1) Population/Growth Rates of Population by country, (2) GDP Per Capita/Growth Rates of GDP Per Capita by country, and (3) GDP/Growth Rates of GDP by country.Volume 1 (sold separately) covers: (1) Population by rank, (2) GDP Per Capita by rank, (3) GDP by rank, (4) Growth Rates of Population by rank, (5) Growth Rates of GDP Per Capita by rank, (6) Growth Rates of GDP by rank.

Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Years 1–2012

Author : Alexander V. Avakov
Publisher : Algora Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1628941014
Total Pages : 572 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Years 1–2012 by : Alexander V. Avakov

Download or read book Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Years 1–2012 written by Alexander V. Avakov and published by Algora Publishing. This book was released on 2015-04-01 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Who's winning and who's losing? This book provides hard data for all who ponder the shifting sands of power, whether economic, military or demographic, and seek keys to decipher the media news. Going far beyond the major powers and the BRIC countries, this economic statistical work, issued every few years, presents historical statistics in nine sections. Volume 1 lists (1) Population by rank, (2) GDP Per Capita by rank, (3) GDP by rank, (4) Growth Rates of Population by rank, (5) Growth Rates of GDP Per Capita by rank, (6) Growth Rates of GDP by rank. Volume 2 (sold separately) covers: (1) Population/Growth Rates of Population by country, (2) GDP Per Capita/Growth Rates of GDP Per Capita by country, and (3) GDP/Growth Rates of GDP by country. This biennial work contains data generally not available elsewhere, and in ways that help make it possible to draw useful comparisons. First, it provides statistical data for all countries of the world (236 countries, within their 2011 borders) since the year 1950 (by decade, with 2011 in addition), plus forecasts for 2020 and 2030. Second, it provides data for 135 countries since the year 1000 (with data for 1000, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1820, 1870, 1880, 1890, 1900, 1913, 1920, 1929, and 1938). Third, it provides data for 134 countries for the first year AD. In Volume 1 [572 pages], this data is arranged by rank, or size. In Volume 2 [438 pages], the countries are listed alphabetically. This book is based on the groundbreaking works of Angus Maddison but it gives data up to the most recent year available and calculates GDP (gross and per capita) in the prices of that year. For recent years, the World Bank, CIA, and Encyclopedia Britannica were principal sources. But, despite the author's great debt to these sources, the preponderance of data in the book is not direct citations from them but rather the result of calculations. Among other computational techniques he uses a new logarithmic interpolation which takes care of cross-country statistical distortions when calculating in the prices of the most recent year. For every line of data (for every country, each year), he provides a note on the technique used in obtaining his estimate (i. e., proxy, exponential interpolation, direct estimate with source citation, etc.). Dr. Avakov's annual title, "Quality of Life, Balance of Powers, and Nuclear Weapons," gives a current snapshot of world economic and military statistics. This work, "Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics," gives world population figures and current GDP data in a historical perspective.

How Was Life? Volume II New Perspectives on Well-being and Global Inequality since 1820

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264403159
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (644 download)

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Book Synopsis How Was Life? Volume II New Perspectives on Well-being and Global Inequality since 1820 by : OECD

Download or read book How Was Life? Volume II New Perspectives on Well-being and Global Inequality since 1820 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-03-25 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How was life in 1820, and how has it changed since then? This question, which was at the core of How Was Life? Global Well-being since 1820, published by the OECD in 2014, is addressed by this second volume based on a broader perspective.

International Trade Statistics Yearbook 2014. Volume 2

Author : United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Publisher : United Nations
ISBN 13 : 9210576748
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis International Trade Statistics Yearbook 2014. Volume 2 by : United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

Download or read book International Trade Statistics Yearbook 2014. Volume 2 written by United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs and published by United Nations. This book was released on 2015-12-31 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains detailed tables showing international trade for 258 individual commodities and eleven world trade tables covering trade values and indices up to 2014. The information is based on data provided by approximately 175 countries (areas), representing more than 90% of world trade in 2014. In contrast to prior editions, this volume includes integrated presentation of international merchandise trade, and trade in services. The publication is aimed at both specialist trade data users and a common audience. Data, charts and analyses will benefit policymakers, governments, NGOs, civil society, journalists, academics, students and businesses. Information is presented in a way that can be comprehended by non-experts.

Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics - Vol. 2

Author : Mehmet Huseyin Bilgin
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319275739
Total Pages : 720 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics - Vol. 2 by : Mehmet Huseyin Bilgin

Download or read book Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics - Vol. 2 written by Mehmet Huseyin Bilgin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-23 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics focuses on latest results from research in Banking and Finance, Accounting and Corporate Governance, Growth and Development, along with a focus on the Energy sector. The first part on Accounting and Corporate Governance features articles on environmental accounting, audit quality, financial information, and adoption of governance principles. The Banking and Finance part looks at risk-behavior in banks, credit ratings during subprime crisis, stakeholder management, and stock market crises. The book focuses then on the energy sector and analyzes macroeconomic impacts of electricity generation, risk dimensions in wind energy, the latest EU energy reforms, and discusses prediction models.

Regional Studies on Economic Growth, Financial Economics and Management

Author : Mehmet Huseyin Bilgin
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319541129
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Regional Studies on Economic Growth, Financial Economics and Management by : Mehmet Huseyin Bilgin

Download or read book Regional Studies on Economic Growth, Financial Economics and Management written by Mehmet Huseyin Bilgin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-13 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents selected papers from the 19th Eurasia Business and Economics Society (EBES) Conference held in Istanbul. Its primary emphasis is on showcasing the latest empirical research on social change, sustainable development and the management of public and private organizations in emerging economies. The respective articles also address more specialized and related topics such as financial risk tolerance, international strategic partnerships, female labor force participation, human capital dynamics, and economic integration, among others.

Eurasian Economic Perspectives

Author : Mehmet Huseyin Bilgin
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319679163
Total Pages : 524 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Eurasian Economic Perspectives by : Mehmet Huseyin Bilgin

Download or read book Eurasian Economic Perspectives written by Mehmet Huseyin Bilgin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-28 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents selected papers on recent management research from the 20th Eurasia Business and Economics Society (EBES) Conference, which was held in Vienna in 2016. Its primary goal is to showcase advances in the fields of public economics, regional studies, economic development and inequality, and economic policy-making. Reflecting the contemporary political climate, many of the articles address the effectiveness, relevance and impact of European Union policies. In addition, the volume features empirical research from less-researched countries such as Kazakhstan, the Republic of Macedonia, Belarus, and Lithuania, among others.

Natural Capital

Author : Dieter Helm
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300210981
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Natural Capital by : Dieter Helm

Download or read book Natural Capital written by Dieter Helm and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-01 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hard-hitting recommendations for what must be done to manage global natural capital and reverse environmental destruction Natural capital is what nature provides to us for free. Renewables--like species--keep on coming, provided we do not drive them towards extinction. Non-renewables--like oil and gas--can only be used once. Together, they are the foundation that ensures our survival and well-being, and the basis of all economic activity. In the face of the global, local, and national destruction of biodiversity and ecosystems, economist Dieter Helm here offers a crucial set of strategies for establishing natural capital policy that is balanced, economically sustainable, and politically viable. Helm shows why the commonly held view that environmental protection poses obstacles to economic progress is false, and he explains why the environment must be at the very core of economic planning. He presents the first real attempt to calibrate, measure, and value natural capital from an economic perspective and goes on to outline a stable new framework for sustainable growth. Bristling with ideas of immediate global relevance, Helm's book shifts the parameters of current environmental debate. As inspiring as his trailblazing The Carbon Crunch, this volume will be essential reading for anyone concerned with reversing the headlong destruction of our environment.

Singapore – Two Hundred Years of the Lion City

Author : Anthony Webster
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351020447
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Singapore – Two Hundred Years of the Lion City by : Anthony Webster

Download or read book Singapore – Two Hundred Years of the Lion City written by Anthony Webster and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-10-29 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two hundred years after Singapore’s foundation by Stamford Raffles in 1819, this book reflects on the historical development of the city, putting forward much new research and new thinking. It discusses Singapore’s emergence as a regional economic hub, explores its strategic importance and considers its place in the development of the British Empire. Subjects covered include the city’s initial role as a strategic centre to limit the resurgence of Dutch power in Southeast Asia after the Napoleonic Wars, the impact of the Japanese occupation, and the reasons for Singapore’s exit from the Malaysian Federation in 1965. The book concludes by examining how Singapore’s history is commemorated at present, reinforcing the image of the city as prosperous, peaceful and forward looking, and draws out the lessons which history can provide concerning the city’s likely future development.

A Comparative History of Commerce and Industry, Volume II

Author : David E. McNabb
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137503300
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (375 download)

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Book Synopsis A Comparative History of Commerce and Industry, Volume II by : David E. McNabb

Download or read book A Comparative History of Commerce and Industry, Volume II written by David E. McNabb and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-26 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Comparative History of Commerce and Industry, Volume II offers a subjective review of how the cultural, social and economic institutions of commerce and industry evolved in industrialized nations to produce the institution we now know as business enterprise.

Trade and Development Report 2016

Author : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
Publisher : United Nations
ISBN 13 : 9213619774
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (136 download)

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Book Synopsis Trade and Development Report 2016 by : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

Download or read book Trade and Development Report 2016 written by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and published by United Nations. This book was released on 2016-09-30 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development is a transformational process, combining a series of interactive and cumulative linkages to create a virtuous circle of enhanced resource mobilization, higher incomes, expanding markets and investment, leading to more and better jobs. Such a structural transformation requires selective government policies to shift a country's productive structure towards activities and sectors with higher productivity, better paid jobs and greater technological potential ? what is commonly called "industrial policies". The Trade and Development Report (TDR) 2016 highlights the central role of industrialization, given the higher productivity of manufactures in relation to other sectors. Manufactures can also generate strong cross-sectoral linkages (e.g. backward, forward, income and knowledge linkages) and complementarities that enhance productivity and employment growth in the primary and tertiary sectors. Countries that have been able to narrow the productivity and income gap with developed countries are those (mostly in Asia) that managed to expand investment, employment and productivity in their manufacturing sector in a sustainable way, which contrasts with other countries and regions affected by "stalled industrialization" or "premature de-industrialization". Successful structural transformation requires a comprehensive policy approach. This includes strategic policies for international trade, pro-growth macroeconomic policies to ensure high levels of aggregate demand and investment and a stable and competitive exchange rate, policies in support of the profits-investment nexus to provide finance for structural transformation, and closing tax loopholes through fiscal and regulatory measures that would bring greater transparency to corporate decision making and finance public expenditure that provides an enabling context for production upgrading and economic diversification.