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Tsunami Modelling Validation
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Book Synopsis Tsunami Science Four Years After the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami by : Phil R. Cummins
Download or read book Tsunami Science Four Years After the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami written by Phil R. Cummins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-20 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The tragedy of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami has led to a rapid expansion in science directed at understanding tsunami and mitigating their hazard. A remarkable cross-section of this research was presented in the session: Tsunami Generation and Hazard, at the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics XXIV General Assembly in Perugia, held in July of 2007. Over one hundred presentations were made at this session, spanning topics ranging from paleotsunami research, to nonlinear shallow-water theory, to tsunami hazard and risk assessment. A selection of this work, along with other contributions from leading tsunami scientists, is published in detail in the 28 papers of this special issue of Pure and Applied Geophysics: Tsunami Science Four Years After the Indian Ocean Tsunami. Part I of this issue includes 14 papers covering the state-of-the-art in tsunami modelling and hazard assessment. Another 14 papers are published in Part II focusing on observations and data analysis.
Book Synopsis Validation of Tsunami Warning Thresholds Using Inundation Modelling by : Burak Uslu
Download or read book Validation of Tsunami Warning Thresholds Using Inundation Modelling written by Burak Uslu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tsunami warnings issued by the Joint Australian Tsunami Warning Centre (JATWC) are derived from a database (T2) consisting of more than two thousand pre-computed tsunami scenarios. Following any potentially tsunamigenic earthquake, warnings are issued for individual coastal zones with three different levels of threat: marine, land or no threat. The decision is based on wave amplitudes of the relevant T2 scenario within the coastal zones. Threshold amplitude values have been derived through analysis of observed impacts for recent events. Given that historical records are available for only a short time period and no observations for which a land threat would have been issued for Australia exist, it has been difficult to determine the appropriate threshold for a land threat and this is currently set at a relatively conservative value. A recent tsunami hazard assessment study for New South Wales investigated large (Mw > 8.0) earthquakes on known subduction zones and computed inundation distances using the Delft3D model nested within T2 scenarios. In this report, these modelling results are used to evaluate the threshold values for the JATWC tsunami warnings. A general conclusion is that the threshold values should not be modified on the basis of these results.
Book Synopsis Tsunami Modelling Validation by : Nick Horspool
Download or read book Tsunami Modelling Validation written by Nick Horspool and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Numerical Modeling of Tsunami Waves by : Juan J. Horrillo
Download or read book Numerical Modeling of Tsunami Waves written by Juan J. Horrillo and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2021-10-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This solutions manual is a companion to the workbook, Practical Numerical Mathematics with MATLAB: A workbook. It is intended for use by individual students independently studying the workbook and provides complete MATLAB code and numerical results for each of the exercises in the workbook and will be especially useful for those students without previous MATLAB programming experience. It is also valuable for classroom instructors to help pinpoint the author's intent in each exercise and to provide a model for graders.
Book Synopsis Tsunami Warning and Preparedness by : National Research Council
Download or read book Tsunami Warning and Preparedness written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-04-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many coastal areas of the United States are at risk for tsunamis. After the catastrophic 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean, legislation was passed to expand U.S. tsunami warning capabilities. Since then, the nation has made progress in several related areas on both the federal and state levels. At the federal level, NOAA has improved the ability to detect and forecast tsunamis by expanding the sensor network. Other federal and state activities to increase tsunami safety include: improvements to tsunami hazard and evacuation maps for many coastal communities; vulnerability assessments of some coastal populations in several states; and new efforts to increase public awareness of the hazard and how to respond. Tsunami Warning and Preparedness explores the advances made in tsunami detection and preparedness, and identifies the challenges that still remain. The book describes areas of research and development that would improve tsunami education, preparation, and detection, especially with tsunamis that arrive less than an hour after the triggering event. It asserts that seamless coordination between the two Tsunami Warning Centers and clear communications to local officials and the public could create a timely and effective response to coastal communities facing a pending tsuanami. According to Tsunami Warning and Preparedness, minimizing future losses to the nation from tsunamis requires persistent progress across the broad spectrum of efforts including: risk assessment, public education, government coordination, detection and forecasting, and warning-center operations. The book also suggests designing effective interagency exercises, using professional emergency-management standards to prepare communities, and prioritizing funding based on tsunami risk.
Book Synopsis Experimental and Numerical Validation of Three-dimensional Tsunami Wave Pressures and Forces on an Elevated Structure by : Cassidy Jane Gills
Download or read book Experimental and Numerical Validation of Three-dimensional Tsunami Wave Pressures and Forces on an Elevated Structure written by Cassidy Jane Gills and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The implementation of evacuation structures was proven to be an effective means of tsunami evacuation during the 2011 tsunami in Japan. However, there is currently a lack of experimental and numerical work concerning the three-dimensional interaction of tsunamis and elevated structures. To date experimental work has focused on structures on grade while the numerical work has primary focused on model validation by way of simplistic force comparison. The focus of this work is to examine three-dimensional tsunami-like wave pressure distributions on an elevated structure, and numerically validate the localized pressure results and corresponding loading time histories. This was accomplished through large scale experimental tests and an accompanying numerical model in which an elevated structure was inundated by a tsunami-like wave at two different states: an unbroken wave and a broken bore. Results showed trends in the unbroken and broken wave pressure distributions. The unbroken wave resembled a linear distribution, comparable to hydrostatic loading at points of inundation. The impulsive broken turbulent bore was best represented by a quadratic curve. Using a computational fluid dynamics software package, the experimental tests were validated numerically. A locally validated numerical model will allow future researchers the flexibility to perform studies not feasible by experimentation.
Book Synopsis Tsunami Simulation Using OpenSees by : Luke R. Cressman
Download or read book Tsunami Simulation Using OpenSees written by Luke R. Cressman and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The finite element software framework, OpenSees, has been used by researchers to simulate the response of structural and geotechnical systems to earthquake loading. Implementation of the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) has made it possible to simulate hydrodynamic forces through fluid-structure interaction (FSI) in OpenSees. To validate the FSI implementation in OpenSees, wave flume experiments conducted at the Public Works Research Institute (PWRI) in Japan in 2011 are numerically simulated. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) design equations for hydrodynamic drag and uplift forces are also compared to the PFEM and PWRI results to assess the differences between experiments, PFEM simulations, and empirical equations used for design. The PFEM implementation in OpenSees does a good job replicating physical experiments and shows agreement with the FEMA equations. Real world FSI applicability coupled with the ability to generate a large scale multi-hazard simulation for coastal communities will make OpenSees a powerful tool for future research, design, assessment and community resilience applications.
Book Synopsis Numerical Modeling Of Tsunami Waves by : Juan J Horrillo
Download or read book Numerical Modeling Of Tsunami Waves written by Juan J Horrillo and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-10-26 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph aims at presenting a unified approach to numerical modeling of tsunami as long waves based on finite difference methods for 1D, 2D and 3D generation processes, propagation, and runup. Many practical examples give insight into the relationship between long wave physics and numerical solutions and allow readers to quickly pursue and develop specific topics in greater depth. The aim of this book is to start from basics and then continue into applications. This approach should serve well the needs of researchers and students of physics, physical oceanography, ocean/civil engineers, computer science, and emergency management staff. Chapter 2 is particularly valuable as it fully describes the application of finite-difference methods to the study of long waves by demonstrating how physical properties of water waves, especially phase velocity, are connected to the chosen numerical algorithm. Basic notions of numerical methods, i.e. approximation of the relevant differential equations, stability of the numerical scheme, and computational errors are explained through application to long waves. Finite-difference methods are further developed in major chapters to deal with complex problems that arise in the study of recent tsunamis.
Book Synopsis Tsunami Generation and Propagation by : Tatsuhiko Saito
Download or read book Tsunami Generation and Propagation written by Tatsuhiko Saito and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-23 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces a framework of tsunami modelling from generation to propagation, aimed at application to the new observation started in Japan after the devastating tsunami of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. About 150 seismic and tsunami sensors were deployed in a wide region off the Pacific coast of eastern Japan in order to catch tsunami generation inside the focal area, which makes a clear departure from conventional observations that detect tsunamis far from the source region. In order to exploit the full potential of this new observation system, it is not enough to model tsunami generation simply by static sea-bottom deformation caused by an earthquake. This book explains dynamic tsunami generation and sea-bottom deformation by kinematic earthquake faulting, in which seismic and acoustic waves are also included in addition to static sea-bottom deformation. It then systematically derives basic tsunami equations from the fundamental equations of motions. The author also illustrates the details of numerical schemes and their applications to tsunami records, making sound linkages among these topics to naturally understand how a tsunami is physically or mathematically described. This book will be a comprehensive guide for graduate students and young researchers to start their research activities smoothly.
Book Synopsis Validation of a Deaggregation-Based Approach for Tsunami Evacuation Mapping by : William L. Power
Download or read book Validation of a Deaggregation-Based Approach for Tsunami Evacuation Mapping written by William L. Power and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis From Tsunami Science to Hazard and Risk Assessment: Methods and Models by : Stefano Lorito
Download or read book From Tsunami Science to Hazard and Risk Assessment: Methods and Models written by Stefano Lorito and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Generalized Wall Function written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Parameter Estimation and Uncertainty Quantification in Water Resources Modeling by : Philippe Renard
Download or read book Parameter Estimation and Uncertainty Quantification in Water Resources Modeling written by Philippe Renard and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-04-22 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerical models of flow and transport processes are heavily employed in the fields of surface, soil, and groundwater hydrology. They are used to interpret field observations, analyze complex and coupled processes, or to support decision making related to large societal issues such as the water-energy nexus or sustainable water management and food production. Parameter estimation and uncertainty quantification are two key features of modern science-based predictions. When applied to water resources, these tasks must cope with many degrees of freedom and large datasets. Both are challenging and require novel theoretical and computational approaches to handle complex models with large number of unknown parameters.
Book Synopsis Efficient Tsunami Simulation at Local and Global Scales by : Xinsheng Qin
Download or read book Efficient Tsunami Simulation at Local and Global Scales written by Xinsheng Qin and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tsunami hazard evaluation and mitigation is of great importance to coastal communities around the world, especially after the frequent occurrence of large tsunamis in the past two decades. Many physical phenomena need to be modeled during a tsunami event, e.g. tsunami wave generation and propagation, coastal inundation, and forces on structures. Most of them are nonlinear and involve a wide range of length scales, and thus are challenging to model. In this dissertation, the ability of three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) models to capture tsunami forces on structures and flow through a constructed environment is first analyzed. Then the development of a GPU-accelerated hyperbolic partial differential equation (PDE) solver with adaptive mesh refinement (AMR), with application to solving several PDEs that govern different physical processes arising in tsunamis, is presented and discussed. Tsunami inundation is the final and most destructive phase of tsunami evolution that comes after tsunami wave propagation in the ocean. The numerical modeling of this phase that incorporates the constructed environment of coastal communities is challenging for both 2D and 3D models. Inundation and flooding in this region can be too complex for 2D models to capture properly, while for 3D models a very fine mesh is required to properly capture the physics, dramatically increasing the computational cost and rendering impractical modeling of some problems. To evaluate the capability of the current tsunami inundation models, comparisons are made between GeoClaw, a depth-integrated 2D model based on the nonlinear shallow water equations (NSWE), and the interFoam solver in OpenFOAM, a 3D model based on Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations for tsunami inundation modeling. The two models are first validated against existing experimental data of a bore impinging onto a single square column. Then they are used to simulate tsunami inundation in a physical wave tank model of Seaside, Oregon. The resulting flow parameters from the models are compared and discussed, and these results are used to extrapolate tsunami-induced force predictions and give guidance for the use of numerical models in other similar situations. Numerical modeling of tsunami processes is computationally expensive. Being able to do this faster means we can simulate a problem with higher resolution to potentially get more accurate result, simulate the same problem faster to send out tsunami warning earlier, or perform more tsunami simulations within a given time budget when doing probabilistic hazard assessment or studying the uncertainties of the process. Using Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) as implemented in GeoClaw speeds up the process by greatly reducing computational demands, while accelerating the code using the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) could do so through faster hardware but has not previously been implemented in GeoClaw. The second part of this dissertation presents an efficient CUDA implementation of the GeoClaw code. The code can model transoceanic tsunami simulation by using AMR and solving the shallow water equations in spherical coordinates. Numerical experiments of the 2011 Japan tsunami and a local tsunami triggered by a hypothetical Mw 7.3 earthquake on the Seattle Fault illustrate the correctness and efficiency of the code. The GPU implementation, when running on a single GPU, is observed to be 3.6 to 6.4 times faster than the original model running in parallel on a 16-core CPU. Three metrics are proposed to evaluate performance of the model, which shows efficient usage of hardware resources.
Book Synopsis A Tsunami Forecast Model for Newport, Oregon by : M. C. Eble
Download or read book A Tsunami Forecast Model for Newport, Oregon written by M. C. Eble and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis BENCHMARK ANALYSIS OF NUMERICAL MODELS FOR TSUNAMI SIMULATION. by : INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY.
Download or read book BENCHMARK ANALYSIS OF NUMERICAL MODELS FOR TSUNAMI SIMULATION. written by INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY. and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tsunamis written by Eddie N. Bernard and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's foremost experts write about the dynamics of geophysical processes involved in tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation, along with the statistical and geophysical properties of tsunami recurrence, and their application to tsunami forecasts and warnings.
