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Author : Kevin C. Kennedy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (587 download)
Download or read book Treaty Interpretation by the Executive Branch written by Kevin C. Kennedy and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : John Norton Moore
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Treaty Interpretation, the Constitution and the Rule of Law written by John Norton Moore and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treaty Interpretation addresses two important constitutional questions, whether the United States should follow the normal international legal standard in treaty interpretation rooted in the intent of the treaty parties or a new "dual'" standard of interpretation rooted in the intent of the Senate, and whether the Senate ever has constitutional authority to attach "domestic conditions" to treaties. This book has emerged from the work of the author as a consultant to the Arms Control Agency in preparing a detailed study on the respective views of Judge Sofaer and Senator Nunn in the 1980s "broad-narrow" debate as to the correct interpretation of the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with the Soviet Union. This debate and the subsequent revisions to the Re-statement (Third International Conference) demonstrate the effect that one individual can have on the U.S. foreign policy. A glimpse of constitutional issues on treaty interpretations Professor Moore wrote from a personal perspective, giving your students a chance to feel the very human tension of one of the greatest debates of our time. With Treaty Interpretation, you will let your students see the people who are behind today's foreign policy, face-to-face. This text illustrates a real world example of constitutional theory in practice. The separation of powers, as envisioned by our constitutional framers, is a constant struggle. A living example of the struggle to preserve a balance is demonstrated in this text as the distribution of power to interpret and apply international agreements. Describes the corpus of international agreements The author carefully traces these impacts, differentiates them, and surfaces the nearly invisible, but profoundly important, constitutional issues in this "great debate." A must-have for those interested in constitutional treaty laws This book is a must for those concerned with treaty issues and constitutional law. This is an important reading for basic international law courses. About the Author John Norton Moore is one of the best-known international lawyers in the world. His writings on international law and constitutional dimensions of foreign policy have been read literally around the world. Among seven presidential appointments, most recently Professor Moore served for two terms as the Senate-Confirmed Chairman of the Board of Directors of the United States Institute of Peace. He has written and testified extensively on the constitutional issues and the conduct of United States foreign policy. He has also testified at Senate hearings on executive agreements and treaty terminations.
Author : Gregory H. Fox
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108546269
Total Pages : 517 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Supreme Law of the Land? written by Gregory H. Fox and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-21 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do treaties function in the American legal system? This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the current status of treaties in American law. Its ten chapters examine major areas of change in treaty law in recent decades, including treaty interpretation, federalism, self-execution, treaty implementing legislation, treaty form, and judicial barriers to treaty enforcement. The book also includes two in-depth case studies: one on the effectiveness of treaties in the regulation of armed conflict and one on the role of a resurgent federalism in complicating US efforts to ratify and implement treaties in private international law. Each chapter asks whether the treaty rules of the 1987 Third Restatement of Foreign Relations Law accurately reflect today's judicial, executive, and legislative practices. This volume is original and provocative, a useful desk companion for judges and practicing lawyers, and an engaging read for the general reader and graduate students.
Author : Christian Djeffal
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110711831X
Total Pages : 451 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)
Download or read book Static and Evolutive Treaty Interpretation written by Christian Djeffal and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How should international treaties be interpreted over time? This book addresses what evolutive interpretation looks like in reality.
Author : John Norton Moore
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 750 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The National Law of Treaty Implementation written by John Norton Moore and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The post-Vietnam era produced a host of constitutional confrontations between the President and the Congress as to their respective authority in foreign affairs. One of the most intense of these concerned the respective powers of the branches in interpretations and implementation of treaties, which was triggered between the Executive and Congress over the meaning of the 1972 U.S.-Soviet Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty, which became known as the "broad-narrow" debate. This debate, which ranks among the most complex and contentious legal debates in the history of United States foreign policy, quickly split both the Executive and Congressional branches. In that context, Professor John Norton Moore, the founder of the modern field of National Security Law, was requested by the Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency to prepare a study for the Director sorting out the issues and seeking to resolve the legal dispute. Most of the multi-volume, 4000-page study compiled by Professor Moore is still highly classified and has never been released. This volume, however, is an unclassified study presenting the arguments on all sides in the constitutional portion of this great debate. It contains as one Appendix the original Annex D to the multi-volume study summarizing the original Senate consideration of the ABM Treaty as declassified by the Director of ACDA. This book is a must for all serious constitutional scholars having an interest in the respective powers of the Congress and the President in foreign affairs, as well as those interested in the original debate on this issue.
Author : Edward Slavko Yambrusic
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Treaty Interpretation written by Edward Slavko Yambrusic and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : David Sloss
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 052187730X
Total Pages : 657 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)
Download or read book The Role of Domestic Courts in Treaty Enforcement written by David Sloss and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-10-12 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title examines whether domestic courts in 12 countries actually provide remedies to private parties who are harmed by a violation of their treaty-based rights.
Author : Michael John Garcia
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)
Download or read book International Law and Agreements: Their Effect Upon U.S. Law written by Michael John Garcia and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides an introduction to the roles that international law and agreements play in the United States. International law is derived from two primary sources--international agreements and customary practice. Under the U.S. legal system, international agreements can be entered into by means of a treaty or an executive agreement. The Constitution allocates primary responsibility for entering into such agreements to the executive branch, but Congress also plays an essential role. First, in order for a treaty (but not an executive agreement) to become binding upon the United States, the Senate must provide its advice and consent to treaty ratification by a two-thirds majority. Secondly, Congress may authorize congressional-executive agreements. Thirdly, many treaties and executive agreements are not self-executing, meaning that implementing legislation is required to provide U.S. bodies with the domestic legal authority necessary to enforce and comply with an international agreement's provisions. The status of an international agreement within the United States depends on a variety of factors. Self-executing treaties have a status equal to federal statute, superior to U.S. state law, and inferior to the Constitution. Depending upon the nature of executive agreements, they may or may not have a status equal to federal statute. In any case, self-executing executive agreements have a status that is superior to U.S. state law and inferior to the Constitution. Treaties or executive agreements that are not self-executing generally have been understood by the courts to have limited status domestically; rather, the legislation or regulations implementing these agreements are controlling. The effects of the second source of international law, customary international practice, upon the United States are more ambiguous and controversial. While there is some Supreme Court jurisprudence finding that customary international law is part of U.S. law, U.S. statutes that conflict with customary rules remain controlling. Customary international law is perhaps most clearly recognized under U.S. law via the Alien Tort Statute (ATS), which establishes federal court jurisdiction over tort claims brought by aliens for violations of "the law of nations." Recently, there has been some controversy concerning references made by U.S. courts to foreign laws or jurisprudence when interpreting domestic statutes or constitutional requirements. Historically, U.S. courts have on occasion looked to foreign jurisprudence for persuasive value, particularly when the interpretation of an international agreement is at issue, but foreign jurisprudence never appears to have been treated as binding. Though U.S. courts will likely continue to refer to foreign jurisprudence, where, when, and how significantly they will rely upon it is difficult to predict.
Author : Richard K. Gardiner
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199669236
Total Pages : 577 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)
Download or read book Treaty Interpretation written by Richard K. Gardiner and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rules of treaty interpretation codified in the 'Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties' now apply to virtually all treaties, in an international context as well as within national legal systems, where treaties have an impact on a large and growing range of matters. The rules of treaty interpretation differ somewhat from typical rules for interpreting legal instruments and legislation within national legal systems. Lawyers, administrators, diplomats, and officials at international organisations are increasingly likely to encounter issues of treaty interpretation which require not only knowledge of the relevant rules of interpretation, but also how these rules have been, and are to be, applied in practice. Since the codified rules of treaty interpretation came into decree, there is a considerable body of case-law on their application. This case-law, combined with the history and analysis of the rules of treaty interpretation, provides a basis for understanding this most important task in the application of treaties internationally and within national systems of law. Any lawyer who ever has to consider international matters, and increasingly any lawyer whose work involves domestic legislation with any international connection, is at risk nowadays of encountering a treaty provision which requires interpretation, whether the treaty provision is explicitly in issue or is the source of the relevant domestic legislation. This fully updated new edition features case law from a broader range of jurisdictions, and an account of the work of the International Law Commission in its relation to interpretative declarations. This book provides a guide to interpreting treaties properly in accordance with the modern rules.
Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 844 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book The ABM Treaty and the Constitution written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : David Sloss
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199364028
Total Pages : 473 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)
Download or read book The Death of Treaty Supremacy written by David Sloss and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the first detailed history of the Constitution's treaty supremacy rule. It describes a process of invisible constitutional change. The treaty supremacy rule was a bedrock principle of constitutional law for more than 150 years. It provided that treaties are supreme over state law and that courts have a constitutional duty to apply treaties that conflict with state laws. The rule ensured that state governments did not violate U.S. treaty obligations without authorization from the federal political branches. In 1945, the United States ratified the UN Charter, which obligates nations to promote human rights “for all without distinction as to race.” In 1950, a California court applied the Charter’s human rights provisions along with the traditional supremacy rule to invalidate a state law that discriminated against Japanese nationals. The implications were shocking: the decision implied that the United States had abrogated Jim Crow laws throughout the South by ratifying the UN Charter. Conservatives reacted by lobbying for a constitutional amendment, known as the Bricker Amendment, to abolish the treaty supremacy rule. The amendment never passed, but Bricker's supporters achieved their goals through de facto constitutional change. Before 1945, the treaty supremacy rule was a mandatory constitutional rule that applied to all treaties. The de facto Bricker Amendment converted the rule into an optional rule that applies only to “self-executing” treaties. Under the modern rule, state governments are allowed to violate national treaty obligations — including international human rights obligations — that are embodied in “non-self-executing” treaties.
Author : Michael John Garcia
Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
ISBN 13 : 9781482762549
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (625 download)
Download or read book International Law and Agreements: Their Effect Upon U. S. Law written by Michael John Garcia and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides an introduction to the roles that international law and agreements play in the United States. International law is derived from two primary sources—international agreements and customary practice. Under the U.S. legal system, international agreements can be entered into by means of a treaty or an executive agreement. The Constitution allocates primary responsibility for entering into such agreements to the executive branch, but Congress also plays an essential role. First, in order for a treaty (but not an executive agreement) to become binding upon the United States, the Senate must provide its advice and consent to treaty ratification by a two-thirds majority. Secondly, Congress may authorize congressional-executive agreements. Thirdly, many treaties and executive agreements are not self-executing, meaning that implementing legislation is required to provide U.S. bodies with the domestic legal authority necessary to enforce and comply with an international agreement's provisions. The status of an international agreement within the United States depends on a variety of factors. Self-executing treaties have a status equal to federal statute, superior to U.S. state law, and inferior to the Constitution. Depending upon the nature of executive agreements, they may or may not have a status equal to federal statute. In any case, self-executing executive agreements have a status that is superior to U.S. state law and inferior to the Constitution. Treaties or executive agreements that are not self-executing have been understood by the courts to have limited status domestically; rather, the legislation or regulations implementing these agreements are controlling. The effects of the second source of international law, customary international practice, upon the United States are more ambiguous and controversial. While there is some Supreme Court jurisprudence finding that customary international law is part of U.S. law, U.S. statutes that conflict with customary rules remain controlling. Customary international law is perhaps most clearly recognized under U.S. law via the Alien Tort Statute (ATS), which establishes federal court jurisdiction over tort claims brought by aliens for violations of “the law of nations.” Recently, there has been some controversy concerning references made by U.S. courts to foreign laws or jurisprudence when interpreting domestic statutes or constitutional requirements. Historically, U.S. courts have on occasion looked to foreign jurisprudence for persuasive value, particularly when the interpretation of an international agreement is at issue, but foreign jurisprudence never appears to have been treated as binding. Though U.S. courts will likely continue to refer to foreign jurisprudence, where, when, and how significantly they will rely upon it is difficult to predict.
Author : Helmut Philipp Aust
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191059412
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Interpretation of International Law by Domestic Courts written by Helmut Philipp Aust and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-01-21 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Interpretation of International Law by Domestic Courts assesses the growing role of domestic courts in the interpretation of international law. It asks whether and if so to what extent domestic courts make use of the international rules of interpretation set forth in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. Given the expectation that rules of international law are to have a uniform interpretation and application throughout the world, the practice of domestic courts is considerably more diverse. The contributions to this book analyse three key questions: first, whether international law requires a coherent interpretive approach by domestic courts. Second, whether a common or convergent methodological outlook can be found in domestic court practice. Third, whether a common interpretive approach is desirable from a normative perspective. The book identfies a considerable tension between international law's ambition for universal and uniform application and a plurality of different approaches. This tension between unity and diversity is analysed by a group of leading international lawyers from a wide range of geographical, disciplinary and methodological approaches. Drawing on domestic practice of number of jurisdictions including, among others, Colombia, France, Japan, India, Israel, Mexico, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States, the book puts the interpretative practice of domestic courts in a wider context. Its chapters offer doctrinal, practical as well as theoretical perspectives on a central question for international law.
Author : Michael J. Glennon
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691023050
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Constitutional Diplomacy written by Michael J. Glennon and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Challenging those who accept or advocate executive supremacy in American foreign-policy making, Constitutional Diplomacy proposes that we abandon the supine roles often assigned our legislative and judicial branches in that field. This book, by the former Legal Counsel to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, is the first comprehensive analysis of foreign policy and constitutionalism to appear in over fifteen years. In the interval since the last major work on this theme was published, the War Powers Resolution has ignited a heated controversy, several major treaties have aroused passionate disagreement over the Senate's role, intelligence abuses have been revealed and remedial legislation debated, and the Iran-Contra affair has highlighted anew the extent of disagreement over first principles. Exploring the implications of these and earlier foreign policy disputes, Michael Glennon maintains that the objectives of diplomacy cannot be successfully pursued by discarding constitutional interests. Glennon probes in detail the important foreign-policy responsibilities given to Congress by the Constitution and the duty given to the courts of resolving disputes between Congress and the President concerning the power to make foreign policy. He reviews the scope of the prime tools of diplomacy, the war power and the treaty power, and examines the concept of national security. Throughout the work he considers the intricate weave of two legal systems: American constitutional principles and the international law norms that are part of the U.S. domestic legal system.
Author : John Yoo
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226960331
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (269 download)
Download or read book The Powers of War and Peace written by John Yoo and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-09-15 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the September 11 attacks on the United States, the Bush administration has come under fire for its methods of combating terrorism. Waging war against al Qaeda has proven to be a legal quagmire, with critics claiming that the administration's response in Afghanistan and Iraq is unconstitutional. The war on terror—and, in a larger sense, the administration's decision to withdraw from the ABM Treaty and the Kyoto accords—has many wondering whether the constitutional framework for making foreign affairs decisions has been discarded by the present administration. John Yoo, formerly a lawyer in the Department of Justice, here makes the case for a completely new approach to understanding what the Constitution says about foreign affairs, particularly the powers of war and peace. Looking to American history, Yoo points out that from Truman and Korea to Clinton's intervention in Kosovo, American presidents have had to act decisively on the world stage without a declaration of war. They are able to do so, Yoo argues, because the Constitution grants the president, Congress, and the courts very different powers, requiring them to negotiate the country's foreign policy. Yoo roots his controversial analysis in a brilliant reconstruction of the original understanding of the foreign affairs power and supplements it with arguments based on constitutional text, structure, and history. Accessibly blending historical arguments with current policy debates, The Powers of War and Peace will no doubt be hotly debated. And while the questions it addresses are as old and fundamental as the Constitution itself, America's response to the September 11 attacks has renewed them with even greater force and urgency. “Can the president of the United States do whatever he likes in wartime without oversight from Congress or the courts? This year, the issue came to a head as the Bush administration struggled to maintain its aggressive approach to the detention and interrogation of suspected enemy combatants in the war on terrorism. But this was also the year that the administration’s claims about presidential supremacy received their most sustained intellectual defense [in] The Powers of War and Peace.”—Jeffrey Rosen, New York Times “Yoo’s theory promotes frank discussion of the national interest and makes it harder for politicians to parade policy conflicts as constitutional crises. Most important, Yoo’s approach offers a way to renew our political system’s democratic vigor.”—David B. Rivkin Jr. and Carlos Ramos-Mrosovsky, National Review
Author : John Marshall Rogers
Publisher : Ashgate Publishing
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book International Law and United States Law written by John Marshall Rogers and published by Ashgate Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public international law is a system of binding obligations in international relations. This accessible volume identifies, explains, and justifies the generally accepted role of public international law in the application of United States law by United States courts. It rejects the trendy idea of international law as a sort of "super-constitution" that "controls" the President or Congress; it also rejects the opposite extreme, that international law is no more than a policy consideration for the courts to consider. The middle position is justified by a careful balancing of two important national interests: constitutional separation of powers, and the ability of the United States to benefit from international law. "International law and United States law" is descriptive with respect to the overarching principles of public international law and US constitutional law, yet critical with respect to applications of (and failures to apply) public international law in specific cases. This authoritative work is an invaluable tool for judges and lawyers who rarely encounter international law, and also for students and others interested in the role of international law.
Author : Congressional Research Service
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781508604617
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (46 download)
Download or read book International Law and Agreements written by Congressional Research Service and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-02-18 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides an introduction to the roles that international law and agreements play in the United States. International law is derived from two primary sources—international agreements and customary practice. Under the U.S. legal system, international agreements can be entered into by means of a treaty or an executive agreement. The Constitution allocates primary responsibility for entering into such agreements to the executive branch, but Congress also plays an essential role. First, in order for a treaty (but not an executive agreement) to become binding upon the United States, the Senate must provide its advice and consent to treaty ratification by a two-thirds majority. Secondly, Congress may authorize congressional-executive agreements. Thirdly, many treaties and executive agreements are not self-executing, meaning that implementing legislation is required to provide U.S. bodies with the domestic legal authority necessary to enforce and comply with an international agreement's provisions. The status of an international agreement within the United States depends on a variety of factors. Self-executing treaties have a status equal to federal statute, superior to U.S. state law, and inferior to the Constitution. Depending upon the nature of executive agreements, they may or may not have a status equal to federal statute. In any case, self-executing executive agreements have a status that is superior to U.S. state law and inferior to the Constitution. Treaties or executive agreements that are not self-executing generally have been understood by the courts to have limited status domestically; rather, the legislation or regulations implementing these agreements are controlling. The effects of the second source of international law, customary international practice, upon the United States are more ambiguous and controversial. While there is some Supreme Court jurisprudence finding that customary international law is part of U.S. law, U.S. statutes that conflict with customary rules remain controlling. Customary international law is perhaps most clearly recognized under U.S. law via the Alien Tort Statute (ATS), which establishes federal court jurisdiction over tort claims brought by aliens for violations of “the law of nations.” Recently, there has been some controversy concerning references made by U.S. courts to foreign laws or jurisprudence when interpreting domestic statutes or constitutional requirements. Historically, U.S. courts have on occasion looked to foreign jurisprudence for persuasive value, particularly when the interpretation of an international agreement is at issue, but foreign jurisprudence never appears to have been treated as binding. Though U.S. courts will likely continue to refer to foreign jurisprudence, where, when, and how significantly they will rely upon it is difficult to predict.
