Transcriptional Control Of Hepatic Metabolism In Physiology

Download Transcriptional Control Of Hepatic Metabolism In Physiology full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Transcriptional Control Of Hepatic Metabolism In Physiology ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Transcriptional Control of Hepatic Metabolism in Physiology

Author : Lara Bideyan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Transcriptional Control of Hepatic Metabolism in Physiology by : Lara Bideyan

Download or read book Transcriptional Control of Hepatic Metabolism in Physiology written by Lara Bideyan and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liver is a key regulator of systemic metabolism in physiology and pathology. It maintains cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose homeostasis in response to fasting and feeding. Transcription factors responsive to hormones and nutrients coordinate many of these responses. They regulate gene networks relating to lipid, glucose and amino acid metabolism during fasting and feeding, and factors such as sex, circadian rhythms and dietary content interact with these transcriptional programs, as reviewed in chapter 1. Understanding the different players in these processes and how they interact with each other will be key to develop strategies to combat metabolic diseases. Recent advances in probing the transcriptional landscape, coupled with high throughput sequencing approaches such as assay for transposase accessible chromatin (ATAC-Seq), have enabled the identification of transcriptional regulators of these processes and their interrelationships. In chapter 2, I describe results from a screen using ATAC-Seq and RNA-Seq to profile novel transcriptional regulators of the hepatic response to fasting and feeding. We determined GATA4 expression and activity to be upregulated by feeding through insulin. Knocking out Gata4 in adult liver impaired the transcriptional and metabolic response to feeding. Additionally, loss of hepatic GATA4 led to a reduction in HDL cholesterol and to the accumulation of liver triglycerides. These effects were accompanied by the downregulation of genes involved in cholesterol efflux and triglyceride hydrolysis, and the upregulation of genes involved in lipid uptake. Furthermore, hepatic GATA4 colocalized and collaborated with Liver X Receptor (LXR), a key regulator of cholesterol transport. In chapter 3, I investigated the dynamics of hepatic LXRs via ATAC-Seq and RNA-Seq in wild-type and LXR[alpha]/[Beta] knockout liver. Loss of LXRs in liver changed the transcriptional regulatory landscape by reducing accessibility at enhancers and increasing accessibility at promoters. A broad set of transcription factors that bind enhancers, including nuclear receptors, had reduced activity based on their motif accessibility, showing their reliance on LXRs. Moreover, this investigation demonstrated that LXR also functions as a transcriptional repressor of certain genes. Overall, these studies revealed important functions for GATA4 and LXR within hepatic transcriptional networks, extending our understanding of transcriptional regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism.

Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis and Regulation of Metabolism

Author : James M. Ntambi
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319250655
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis and Regulation of Metabolism by : James M. Ntambi

Download or read book Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis and Regulation of Metabolism written by James M. Ntambi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-17 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The liver is the largest solid vital organ in mammals that supports other organ in the body in some facet. This book synthesizes all the primary and relevant metabolic information that one needs to review to understand the complex and diverse role of the liver in metabolism. With the current epidemic of metabolic diseases, it is of immediate importance to understand the contribution of the liver in health and its role in the development of impaired metabolic regulation. This book covers the many studies that have unmasked important roles that proteins expressed in the liver play in the development of or protection from metabolic diseases. One of the major metabolic functions of the liver is to carry out de novo lipogenesis, which is the metabolic pathway that allows the conversion of excess carbohydrates into fatty acids. The process of de novo lipogenesis is covered in depth within this volume. The book is an important contribution to the vast literature and ongoing research on liver function.

Regulation of Hepatic Metabolism

Author : K. Jungermann
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468450417
Total Pages : 495 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Regulation of Hepatic Metabolism by : K. Jungermann

Download or read book Regulation of Hepatic Metabolism written by K. Jungermann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The liver is an exceptionally complex and diverse organ that functions both as an exocrine and an endocrine gland. It secretes bile, which contains many con stituents in addition to bile salts, and it synthesizes and releases many substances in response to the body's demands, including prohormones, albumin, clotting factors, glucose, fatty acids, and various lipoproteins. It has a dual blood supply providing a rich mixture of nutrients and other absorbed substances via the portal vein and oxygen-rich blood via the hepatic artery. This functional heterogeneity is accompanied by cellular heterogeneity. The liver contains many cell types including hepatic parachymal cells, Kiipffer cells, Ito cells, and endothelial cells. The most abundant cell type, the parenchymal cells, are biochemically and structurally heterogeneous. The cells in the oxygen-rich areas of the portal triad appear more dependent on oxidative metabolism, whereas those around the central vein (pericentral, perivenous, or centrolobular areas) are more dependent upon an anaerobic mechanism. Throughout this volume the latter three terms are used synonymously by various authors to indicate the five to eight layers of cells radiating from the central vein. Structural and metabolic heterogeneity of hepatic parenchymal cells has been demonstrated by a variety of approaches, including histochemical, ultra structural, and ultramicrobiochemical studies. This microheterogeneity is linked to the physiological functions of the liver and its response to injurious substances.

Circadian Regulation of Hepatic Metabolism by Nuclear Receptors Rev-erbs and ROR

Author : Yuxiang Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Circadian Regulation of Hepatic Metabolism by Nuclear Receptors Rev-erbs and ROR by : Yuxiang Zhang

Download or read book Circadian Regulation of Hepatic Metabolism by Nuclear Receptors Rev-erbs and ROR written by Yuxiang Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Circadian and metabolic physiology are intricately intertwined. Although the liver clock is entrained by the central clock, it also directly controls metabolic gene expression. Hormone responsive nuclear factors are hypothesized to be the major clock components that regulate metabolism, which include Rev-erbs and RORs. In this study, we explored the mechanism of regulation of liver circadian gene expression by Rev-erbs and RORs. We found that Rev-erbalpha modulates the clock and metabolism by different genomic mechanisms. Clock control requires Rev-erbalpha to bind directly to the genome at its cognate sites, where it competes with activating ROR TFs. By contrast, Rev-erbalpha regulates metabolic genes primarily by recruiting the HDAC3 corepressor to sites to which it is tethered by cell type-specific transcription factors. Thus, direct competition between Rev-erbalpha and ROR TFs provides a universal mechanism for self-sustained control of molecular clock across all tissues, whereas Rev-erbalpha utilizes lineage-determining factors to convey a tissue-specific epigenomic rhythm that regulates metabolism tailored to the specific need of that tissue. In addition, we also investigate the circadian regulation of hepatic metabolism by nuclear receptors RORalpha and RORgamma. We discovered that hepatic depletion of RORs increased expressions of genes involved in lipogenesis as well as the hepatic triglyceride levels, specifically at ZT22 (5 AM) and during feeding, but not at ZT10 (5 PM) nor during fasting. GRO-seq analysis suggested that regulation of lipid metabolism by RORs was mediated by SREBP1-c. Indeed, ROR depletion significantly up-regulated nuclear SREBP1-c protein level specifically at ZT22. Overall, our study reveals a time-specific regulation of liver lipid metabolism by RORs, and suggests a potential role of chronotherapy targeting circadian factors in the treatment of metabolic disorders.

Glucocorticoid Signaling

Author : Jen-Chywan Wang
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1493928953
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (939 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Glucocorticoid Signaling by : Jen-Chywan Wang

Download or read book Glucocorticoid Signaling written by Jen-Chywan Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-27 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely volume provides a comprehensive overview of glucocorticoids and their role in regulating many aspects of physiology and their use in the treatment of disease. The book is broken into four sections that begin by giving a general introduction to glucocorticoids and a brief history of the field. The second section will discuss the effects of glucocorticoids on metabolism, while the third section will cover the effects of glucocorticoids on key tissues. The final section will discuss general topics, such as animal models in glucocorticoid research and clinical implications of glucocorticoid research. Featuring chapters from leaders in the field, this volume will be of interest to both researchers and clinicians.

Epigenomic and Transcriptional Regulation of Hepatic Metabolism by REV-ERB and HDAC3

Author : Dan Feng
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (864 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Epigenomic and Transcriptional Regulation of Hepatic Metabolism by REV-ERB and HDAC3 by : Dan Feng

Download or read book Epigenomic and Transcriptional Regulation of Hepatic Metabolism by REV-ERB and HDAC3 written by Dan Feng and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Transcriptional Control of Liver Metabolism and Disease by Nuclear Receptor-corepressor Networks

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789178314829
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (148 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Transcriptional Control of Liver Metabolism and Disease by Nuclear Receptor-corepressor Networks by :

Download or read book Transcriptional Control of Liver Metabolism and Disease by Nuclear Receptor-corepressor Networks written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Liver

Author : Irwin M. Arias
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119436826
Total Pages : 1156 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Liver by : Irwin M. Arias

Download or read book The Liver written by Irwin M. Arias and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page 1156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridging the gap between basic scientific advances and the understanding of liver disease — the extensively revised new edition of the premier text in the field. The latest edition of The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology remains a definitive volume in the field of hepatology, relating advances in biomedical sciences and engineering to understanding of liver structure, function, and disease pathology and treatment. Contributions from leading researchers examine the cell biology of the liver, the pathobiology of liver disease, the liver’s growth, regeneration, metabolic functions, and more. Now in its sixth edition, this classic text has been exhaustively revised to reflect new discoveries in biology and their influence on diagnosing, managing, and preventing liver disease. Seventy new chapters — including substantial original sections on liver cancer and groundbreaking advances that will have significant impact on hepatology — provide comprehensive, fully up-to-date coverage of both the current state and future direction of hepatology. Topics include liver RNA structure and function, gene editing, single-cell and single-molecule genomic analyses, the molecular biology of hepatitis, drug interactions and engineered drug design, and liver disease mechanisms and therapies. Edited by globally-recognized experts in the field, this authoritative volume: Relates molecular physiology to understanding disease pathology and treatment Links the science and pathology of the liver to practical clinical applications Features 16 new “Horizons” chapters that explore new and emerging science and technology Includes plentiful full-color illustrations and figures The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology, Sixth Edition is an indispensable resource for practicing and trainee hepatologists, gastroenterologists, hepatobiliary and liver transplant surgeons, and researchers and scientists in areas including hepatology, cell and molecular biology, virology, and drug metabolism.

Liver Gene Expressions

Author : Tronche
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Liver Gene Expressions by : Tronche

Download or read book Liver Gene Expressions written by Tronche and published by Springer. This book was released on 1994 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text discusses the regulation of the expression of liver-specific genes in the hepatocyte. The first part of the book is a general survey of liver organization and biology. The second part details the strategies used to control the transcription of several liver-specific genes involved in different liver functions (production of sero- and lipoproteins, detoxification and response to inflammation). These studies converged toward the characterization of several families of liver-enriched transcription factors (HNF1, HBF4, C/EBP, DBP) which are described in the third part of the book.

Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulation of Hepcidin and Iron Metabolism by Lipid Signaling in the Liver

Author : Sizhao Lu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (931 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulation of Hepcidin and Iron Metabolism by Lipid Signaling in the Liver by : Sizhao Lu

Download or read book Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulation of Hepcidin and Iron Metabolism by Lipid Signaling in the Liver written by Sizhao Lu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although iron is required for essential biological processes, excess iron is detrimental due to oxidative damage induced by iron-mediated Fenton reactions, which promote tissue injury. Cellular iron uptake, transport and storage must therefore be tightly regulated. This task is accomplished mainly through hepcidin, the key iron-regulatory hormone. Hepcidin is synthesized primarily in hepatocytes as a circulatory antimicrobial peptide. It controls iron metabolism by inhibiting iron absorption from the duodenum and iron release from reticuloendothelial macrophages. Besides synthesizing hepcidin, the liver plays an important role in maintaining iron homeostasis by serving as the main storage organ for excess iron. Patients with liver diseases frequently display disturbances of iron metabolism but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Due to obesity epidemic worldwide, the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is on the rise. This study therefore focuses on the regulation of hepcidin in NAFLD. NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by visceral adiposity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Both the level and distribution of iron in the livers of NAFLD patients have been shown to correlate with disease severity. NAFLD patients have also been reported to display changes in hepcidin expression. The significance and relevance of these alterations regarding NAFLD pathogenesis are unclear. Although impaired fatty acid metabolism and lipid accumulation in the liver are major contributors to the pathogenesis of NAFLD, the role of lipids or lipid derivatives in hepcidin regulation have not been investigated. The studies presented in this dissertation identified new and unique mechanisms of hepcidin gene regulation by saturated fatty acids and the biologically active lipid derivative, ceramide in human hepatoma cells. The post-transcriptional regulation of hepcidin expression by palmitic acid was mediated through AU-rich element binding protein, Human Antigen R (HuR) and novel class of protein kinase C isoforms. Ceramide, on the other hand, induced hepcidin transcription via inflammatory JAK/STAT3 signaling. Furthermore, by using high fat-fed hepcidin knockout mice as an in vivo model, I have implicated a role for hepcidin in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism, and characterized these mice as a potential experimental model to study liver injury in NAFLD.

Stress-Activated Protein Kinases

Author : Francesc Posas
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540755691
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Stress-Activated Protein Kinases by : Francesc Posas

Download or read book Stress-Activated Protein Kinases written by Francesc Posas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-24 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book leading researchers in the field discuss the state-of-the-art of many aspects of SAPK signaling in various systems from yeast to mammals. These include various chapters on regulatory mechanisms as well as the contribution of the SAPK signaling pathways to processes such as gene expression, metabolism, cell cycle regulation, immune responses and tumorigenesis. Written by international experts, the book will appeal to cell biologists and biochemists.

Integrated Characterization of Cellular Physiology Underlying Hepatic Metabolism

Author : Matthew Sing Wong
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (711 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Integrated Characterization of Cellular Physiology Underlying Hepatic Metabolism by : Matthew Sing Wong

Download or read book Integrated Characterization of Cellular Physiology Underlying Hepatic Metabolism written by Matthew Sing Wong and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) Glycogen deposition and glucose production data in mouse hepatocytes confirmed that HBP activity was negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity. Metabolite profiling data confirmed that prolonged incubation in hyperglycemic conditions raised the levels of hexosamine intermediates by saturating upper glycolysis. Our data, along with previous work in muscle and adipose tissue, underline the increasingly important role of the HBP in regulating insulin action and energy homeostasis. A dysfunctional HBP may contribute to the pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes. Finally, we analyzed the control structure of the glucose production bioreaction network. We systematically perturbed the network and analyzed the effects on the fluxes. We found that gluconeogenesis was the dominant flux, and therefore regulation of gluconeogenesis determined the glucose production phenotype. G6Pase was identified as the enzyme in gluconeogenesis controlling the glucose production phenotype, whereas PEPCK played a secondary role. Our conclusions here give insight into the physiology underlying the regulation and dysregulation of hepatic glucose production with possible application to the treatment of Type 2 diabetes.

The Circadian Clock

Author : Urs Albrecht
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441912622
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Circadian Clock by : Urs Albrecht

Download or read book The Circadian Clock written by Urs Albrecht and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-23 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the invitation to edit this volume, I wanted to take the opportunity to assemble reviews on different aspects of circadian clocks and rhythms. Although most c- tributions in this volume focus on mammalian circadian clocks, the historical int- duction and comparative clocks section illustrate the importance of various other organisms in deciphering the mechanisms and principles of circadian biology. Circadian rhythms have been studied for centuries, but only recently, a mole- lar understanding of this process has emerged. This has taken research on circadian clocks from mystic phenomenology to a mechanistic level; chains of molecular events can describe phenomena with remarkable accuracy. Nevertheless, current models of the functioning of circadian clocks are still rudimentary. This is not due to the faultiness of discovered mechanisms, but due to the lack of undiscovered processes involved in contributing to circadian rhythmicity. We know for example, that the general circadian mechanism is not regulated equally in all tissues of m- mals. Hence, a lot still needs to be discovered to get a full understanding of cir- dian rhythms at the systems level. In this respect, technology has advanced at high speed in the last years and provided us with data illustrating the sheer complexity of regulation of physiological processes in organisms. To handle this information, computer aided integration of the results is of utmost importance in order to d- cover novel concepts that ultimately need to be tested experimentally.

Molecular Biology of the Cell

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780815332183
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (321 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of the Cell by :

Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Innovative Medicine

Author : Kazuwa Nakao
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 4431556516
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (315 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Innovative Medicine by : Kazuwa Nakao

Download or read book Innovative Medicine written by Kazuwa Nakao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-13 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to innovative medicine, comprising the proceedings of the Uehara Memorial Foundation Symposium 2014. It remains extremely rare for the findings of basic research to be developed into clinical applications, and it takes a long time for the process to be achieved. The task of advancing the development of basic research into clinical reality lies with translational science, yet the field seems to struggle to find a way to move forward. To create innovative medical technology, many steps need to be taken: development and analysis of optimal animal models of human diseases, elucidation of genomic and epidemiological data, and establishment of “proof of concept”. There is also considerable demand for progress in drug research, new surgical procedures, and new clinical devices and equipment. While the original research target may be rare diseases, it is also important to apply those findings more broadly to common diseases. The book covers a wide range of topics and is organized into three complementary parts. The first part is basic research for innovative medicine, the second is translational research for innovative medicine, and the third is new technology for innovative medicine. This book helps to understand innovative medicine and to make progress in its realization.

Lipid Transfer in Lipoprotein Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease

Author : Xian-Cheng Jiang
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 981156082X
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Lipid Transfer in Lipoprotein Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease by : Xian-Cheng Jiang

Download or read book Lipid Transfer in Lipoprotein Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease written by Xian-Cheng Jiang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-23 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an up-to-date review of the fundamentals of lipid metabolism and its role in cardiovascular diseases. Focusing on lipid transfer proteins in the circulation and cells, the role of important lipid transporters, the effect of recently discovered lipid binding proteins, and the link between lipid metabolism disorders and cardiovascular diseases, it covers phospholipid transfer protein, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, lipopolysaccharide binding protein, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, ABC binding cassette members, and more. The book offers graduate students and researchers a coherent overview of lipid transfer and transport, as well as the limitations of current research in the field, and promotes further studies on cardiovascular diseases, as well as pharmaceutical research on drug discovery based on lipid transfer, transport, and binding.

Comparative Physiology of Fasting, Starvation, and Food Limitation

Author : Marshall D. McCue
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642290566
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Comparative Physiology of Fasting, Starvation, and Food Limitation by : Marshall D. McCue

Download or read book Comparative Physiology of Fasting, Starvation, and Food Limitation written by Marshall D. McCue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-05-17 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All animals face the possibility of food limitation and ultimately starvation-induced mortality. This book summarizes state of the art of starvation biology from the ecological causes of food limitation to the physiological and evolutionary consequences of prolonged fasting. It is written for an audience with an understanding of general principles in animal physiology, yet offers a level of analysis and interpretation that will engage seasoned scientists. Each chapter is written by active researchers in the field of comparative physiology and draws on the primary literature of starvation both in nature and the laboratory. The chapters are organized among broad taxonomic categories, such as protists, arthropods, fishes, reptiles, birds, and flying, aquatic, and terrestrial mammals including humans; particularly well-studied animal models, e.g. endotherms are further organized by experimental approaches, such as analyses of blood metabolites, stable isotopes, thermobiology, and modeling of body composition.