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Trade Liberalization And Employment Effects In Indian Manufacturing
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Book Synopsis Trade Liberalization and Employment Effects in Indian Manufacturing by : Sunitha Raju
Download or read book Trade Liberalization and Employment Effects in Indian Manufacturing written by Sunitha Raju and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of international trade on manufacturing employment in India over 2004-2011. The theoretical literature suggests that trade affects the demand for labour through scale, composition and process effects. Since India is largely a labour- abundant country, its comparative advantage rests in labour intensive manufacturing. However, the study finds that since the onset of reforms, production and trade specialisation has been biased towards capital-intensive production and, therefore has failed to absorb the vast pool of labour resources. The study finds that in general the labour demand elasticity has fallen in the global economic crisis period except for skilled workers. The export orientation has a relatively greater impact on employment, especially for skilled workers in the crisis period. The overall impact was negative during the crisis. The survey of selected manufacturing firms shows that trade costs are higher for labour-intensive firms.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Trade with China and India on Argentina's Manufacturing Employment by : Luis Castro
Download or read book The Impact of Trade with China and India on Argentina's Manufacturing Employment written by Luis Castro and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many in Latin America, the increasing participation of China and India in international markets is seen as a looming shadow of two "mighty giants" on the region's manufacturing sector. Are they really mighty giants when it comes to their impact on manufacturing employment? The authors attempt to answer this question by estimating the effects of trade with China and India on Argentina's industrial employment. They use a dynamic econometric model and industry level data to estimate the effects of trade with China and India on the level of employment in Argentina's manufacturing sector. Results suggest that trade with China and India only had a small negative effect on industrial employment, even during the swift trade liberalization of the 1990s.
Book Synopsis Trade Liberalisation, Economic Growth and Environmental Externalities by : Hansa Jain
Download or read book Trade Liberalisation, Economic Growth and Environmental Externalities written by Hansa Jain and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-20 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book examines the trade liberalization measures, which were initiated in India during 1991 and which focused on manufacturing industries. This industry was considered because of its strong inter-sectoral links and its capacity to stimulate the growth of other sectors. The resulting liberal trade policies, involving a reduction in trade barriers and inflows of FDI, capital and technologies, were adopted to increase the manufacturing output. However, these measures were most beneficial to those industries whose products have greater demand in developed countries. Against this backdrop, the book breaks down the overall effect of trade-induced manufacturing growth into scale, composition and technique effects to discuss the impact on environmental externality. In addition to manufacturing activity, it also investigates the effect of other factors that improve with economic growth and examines the extent to which India’s trade-led economic growth allows production activities to move to cleaner technologies and whether India has achieved its economic growth by specializing in pollution-intensive (low technology) industries. The book also estimates the impact of these environmental externalities on society’s wellbeing.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Trade with China and India on Argentina's Manufacturing Employment by : Lucio Castro
Download or read book The Impact of Trade with China and India on Argentina's Manufacturing Employment written by Lucio Castro and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many in Latin America, the increasing participation of China and India in international markets is seen as a looming shadow of two "mighty giants" on the region's manufacturing sector. Are they really mighty giants when it comes to their impact on manufacturing employment? The authors attempt to answer this question by estimating the effects of trade with China and India on Argentina's industrial employment. They use a dynamic econometric model and industry level data to estimate the effects of trade with China and India on the level of employment in Argentina's manufacturing sector. Results suggest that trade with China and India only had a small negative effect on industrial employment, even during the swift trade liberalization of the 1990s.
Download or read book Liberalisation and Labour written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the trends in the Indian labour market in recent years; changes in employment; the extent of employment and wage flexibilities, and the impact of trade unions on wages and industrial relations. Based on a labour flexibility survey of more than 1300 firms accross ten states and nine important manufacturing industries, undertaken in 1999.
Book Synopsis Globalization and Poverty by : Ann Harrison
Download or read book Globalization and Poverty written by Ann Harrison and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past two decades, the percentage of the world’s population living on less than a dollar a day has been cut in half. How much of that improvement is because of—or in spite of—globalization? While anti-globalization activists mount loud critiques and the media report breathlessly on globalization’s perils and promises, economists have largely remained silent, in part because of an entrenched institutional divide between those who study poverty and those who study trade and finance. Globalization and Poverty bridges that gap, bringing together experts on both international trade and poverty to provide a detailed view of the effects of globalization on the poor in developing nations, answering such questions as: Do lower import tariffs improve the lives of the poor? Has increased financial integration led to more or less poverty? How have the poor fared during various currency crises? Does food aid hurt or help the poor? Poverty, the contributors show here, has been used as a popular and convenient catchphrase by parties on both sides of the globalization debate to further their respective arguments. Globalization and Poverty provides the more nuanced understanding necessary to move that debate beyond the slogans.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Trade with China and India on Argentina's Manufacturing Employment by : Lucio Castro
Download or read book The Impact of Trade with China and India on Argentina's Manufacturing Employment written by Lucio Castro and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many in Latin America, the increasing participation of China and India in international markets is seen as a looming shadow of two mighty giantson the region's manufacturing sector. Are they really mighty giants when it comes to their impact on manufacturing employment? The authors attempt to answer this question by estimating the effects of trade with China and India on Argentina's industrial employment. They use a dynamic econometric model and industry level data to estimate the effects of trade with China and India on the level of employment in Argentina's manufacturing sector. Results suggest that trade with China and India only had a small negative effect on industrial employment, even during the swift trade liberalization of the 1990s.
Book Synopsis Productivity and Firm Size Distribution by : Shanthi Nataraj
Download or read book Productivity and Firm Size Distribution written by Shanthi Nataraj and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines the impacts of India's trade liberalization and a variety of other policies on productivity and employment among manufacturing firms. One main contribution of this work is that it considers not only large firms in India's organized (formal) manufacturing sector, but also small firms in the unorganized (informal) manufacturing sector. Informal firms are those that have fewer than 20 employees (10 employees if power is used), and are therefore not required to register with the government under India's Factories Act. Most of the literature on India's trade and other reforms has focused on formal firms, but the informal sector accounts for approximately 80% of manufacturing employment. In the first chapter, I describe a unique dataset that I constructed by linking formal and informal firm-level surveys that were conducted by the Indian government. The resulting dataset provides three cross-sectional snapshots that are representative of the entire manufacturing industry during the course of the 1990's. This chapter discusses the industries in which formal and informal firms are found, examines various issues related to the size distribution of firms, and compares formal and informal firms with the same number of employees. The second chapter examines the impact of India's trade liberalization on the productivity of manufacturing firms. Despite a large literature investigating the links between trade and productivity, there is almost no evidence on how small firms react to trade liberalization. In this chapter, I show that India's trade liberalization increased firm productivity in both the formal and informal sectors; however, the increases occurred through different channels in the two sectors. In the informal sector, I find that the liberalization of final goods tariffs increased productivity by approximately 15% during the course of the 1990's. In contrast, the increase in productivity among formal firms was driven by the liberalization of tariffs on intermediate inputs rather than final goods. Furthermore, I examine the effect of the trade liberalization on the productivity and output distributions, and I find evidence suggesting that at least part of the increase in productivity in the informal sector was driven by the exit of the smallest, least productive firms. The third chapter investigates the phenomenon of the "missing middle" in Indian manufacturing - the fact that employment is concentrated in small and large firms, with relatively little employment in mid-sized firms (firms with 50-500 employees). A number of policies have been proposed as causes of the missing middle, but there is little quantitative evidence on how changes in these policies would affect the employment size distribution. I consider the impacts of five policies - credit availability for small firms, electricity surpluses, trade liberalization, industrial licensing, and foreign direct investment liberalization - on the employment size distribution. I find that improving India's poor electricity supplies would mitigate the missing middle by shifting the employment size distribution towards firms with 50-1,000 employees. India's liberalization measures of the 1990's had mixed effects on the missing middle: the liberalization of final goods tariffs exacerbated the missing middle, while the liberalization of intermediate input tariffs mitigated it. The foreign direct investment liberalization shifted the employment size distribution towards firms with 20-500 employees, while the industrial licensing reforms shifted the distribution towards firms with 10-60 employees, and away from firms with 60 or more employees. The results also indicate that India's labor regulations played a role in how many of these policies affected the missing middle.
Book Synopsis Trade Liberalization and Labour Demand Elasticity in Indian Manufacturing by : Bishwanath Goldar
Download or read book Trade Liberalization and Labour Demand Elasticity in Indian Manufacturing written by Bishwanath Goldar and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Trade Liberalization and Manufacturing Employment by : Bishwanath Goldar
Download or read book Trade Liberalization and Manufacturing Employment written by Bishwanath Goldar and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Indian Manufacturing by : Devashish Mitra
Download or read book Indian Manufacturing written by Devashish Mitra and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the determinants of productivity in Indian manufacturing industries during the period 1988-2000. Using two-digit industry level data for the Indian states, we find evidence of imperfect interindustry and interstate labor mobility as well as misallocation of resources across industries and states. Trade liberalization increases productivity in all industries across all states, and productivity is higher in the less protected industries. These effects of protection and trade liberalization are more pronounced in states that have relatively more flexible labor markets. Similar effects are also found in the case of employment, capital stock and investment. Furthermore, labor market flexibility, independent of other policies, has a positive effect on productivity. Importantly, per capita state development expenditure seems to be the strongest and the most robust predictor of productivity, employment, capital stock and investment. Industrial delicensing increases both labor productivity and employment but only in the states with flexible labor market institutions. Even after controlling for delicensing, the analysis shows that trade liberalization has a productivity-enhancing effect. Finally, trade liberalization benefits most the export-oriented industries located in states with flexible labor-market institutions.
Book Synopsis Trade Liberalization in Manufacturing and Accelerated Growth in Services in India by : Rajeev Dehejia
Download or read book Trade Liberalization in Manufacturing and Accelerated Growth in Services in India written by Rajeev Dehejia and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of trade liberalization on accelerated manufacturing growth has been widely studied in the literature. What has gone unappreciated is that liberalization has also been accompanied by accelerated services growth. Using firm-level data from India, we find a positive spillover from manufacturing growth stimulated by trade and other liberalization to gross value added, wages, employment, and worker productivity in services, especially large urban firms and in service sectors whose output is used as a manufacturing input. We find that improved access to inputs via trade liberalization led to increased gross value added and worker productivity in capital-intensive service sectors.
Book Synopsis Liberalization, Productivity, and Competition by : Vivek Srivastava
Download or read book Liberalization, Productivity, and Competition written by Vivek Srivastava and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1996 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The empirical evidence linking economic reform in developing countries with gains in productivity and efficiency is both limited and inconclusive. Using large firm-level data collected by the Reserve Bank of India, this book examines the impact of reform on productivity and competition for the Indian manufacturing sector in the eighties. Relying on econometric estimates of pre- and post-reform productivity growth, the study finds evidence of significantly higher productivity growth rates after the mid-eighties both at the aggregate and two-digit sector levels. The author seeks corroborating evidence by developing a framework that enables him to simultaneously estimate economies of scale, a measure of optimal labour utilization and the mark-up of price over marginal cost as an indicator of competitiveness. Though he finds evidence of better labour utilization, there is no indication of reduced market power or any significant departure from constant returns to scale in the post-reform period. He concludes that even the limited reforms of the eighties led to productivity gains which were achieved largely through better resource use.
Book Synopsis Employment in India by : Ajit Kumar Ghose
Download or read book Employment in India written by Ajit Kumar Ghose and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-09-20 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last two decades, a fascinating growth story has unfolded in India. Yet, the improvement in material conditions for the country’s vast majority has not kept pace with that growth. This is mainly because India is still grappling with poor employment conditions and widespread unemployment. However, there is not much clarity on the exact nature of this problem and the steps required to tackle it. This short introduction addresses this lack of information. Reviewing the evolution of employment conditions in India since Independence, this volume underscores the linkages between it and economic growth and development. It not only clearly outlines the contours of the employment challenge that India is now confronted with but also discusses viable ways of overcoming this hurdle.
Book Synopsis Trade Reforms, Labor Regulations and Labor-demand Elasticities by : Rana Hasan
Download or read book Trade Reforms, Labor Regulations and Labor-demand Elasticities written by Rana Hasan and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using industry-level data disaggregated by states, this paper finds a positive impact of trade liberalization on labor-demand elasticities in the Indian manufacturing sector. These elasticities turn out to be negatively related to protection levels that vary across industries and over time. Furthermore, we find that these elasticities are not only higher for Indian states with more flexible labor regulations, they are also impacted to a larger degree by trade reforms. Finally, we find that after the reforms, volatility in productivity and output gets translated into larger wage and employment volatility, theoretically a possible consequence of larger labor-demand elasticities.
Book Synopsis Indian Manufacturing by : Devashish Mitra
Download or read book Indian Manufacturing written by Devashish Mitra and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the determinants of productivity in Indian manufacturing industries during the period 1988-2000. Using two-digit industry level data for the Indian states, we find evidence of imperfect interindustry and interstate labor mobility as well as misallocation of resources across industries and states. Trade liberalization increases productivity in all industries across all states, and productivity is higher in the less protected industries. These effects of protection and trade liberalization are more pronounced in states that have relatively more flexible labor markets. Similar effects are also found in the case of employment, capital stock and investment. Furthermore, labor market flexibility, independent of other policies, has a positive effect on productivity. Importantly, per capita state development expenditure seems to be the strongest and the most robust predictor of productivity, employment, capital stock and investment. Industrial delicensing increases both labor productivity and employment but only in the states with flexible labor market institutions. Even after controlling for delicensing, the analysis shows that trade liberalization has a productivity-enhancing effect. Finally, trade liberalization benefits most the export-oriented industries located in states with flexible labor-market institutions.
Book Synopsis Accelerators of India's Growth—Industry, Trade and Employment by : Suresh Chand Aggarwal
Download or read book Accelerators of India's Growth—Industry, Trade and Employment written by Suresh Chand Aggarwal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-14 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a collection of distinguished contributions that identify current growth accelerators in India, and suggest policies and strategies to make India’s growth more sustainable and inclusive. The papers are divided into three sections, the first of which focuses on issues related to industrial growth in India. The discussions include India’s industrial development (manufacturing, construction and mining); role of manufacturing; global value chains; and of environment in industrial development. In turn, section II deals with issues related to trade and FDI as accelerators of India’s growth. The respective chapters explore the changing patterns of trade, impacts of technology, and spill-over effects of FDI, to name but a few. Lastly, the third section discusses employment-related issues like measurement of labour input, the dichotomy of the Indian labour market, the nature of firms and employment generation, and impacts of technology on employment. Given its scope and focus, the book offers an invaluable resource for researchers and policymakers alike.
