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Tlr 4 Agonism Induces Cd25 Mhciihigh Dendritic Cells In Association With Tolerogenic Antigen Recognition
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Book Synopsis TLR-4 Agonism Induces CD25+ MHCIIhigh Dendritic Cells in Association with Tolerogenic Antigen Recognition by : Alexander Gevelinger Bastian
Download or read book TLR-4 Agonism Induces CD25+ MHCIIhigh Dendritic Cells in Association with Tolerogenic Antigen Recognition written by Alexander Gevelinger Bastian and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autoimmune disease is a result of the breakdown in immunological self-tolerance leading to destruction of self-tissues mediated by the aberrant immune attack. In Multiple Sclerosis (MS), CD4+ T cells mediate destruction of myelin in the central nervous system (CNS) leading to debilitating symptoms in afflicted individuals. MS is the leading cause of non-injury disability in young adults, impacting nearly 1 million people in the United States alone. As is the case for many autoimmune diseases, there is no cure for MS, highlighting the urgent need for new therapeutic platforms. A therapeutic approach to reestablish self-tolerance is likely to be more effective and have less side effects than current treatments, highlighting the importance for developing such an approach. At the center of this approach lies CD4+ FOXP3+regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are a subset of T cells that suppress the immune system and play an integral role in controlling autoimmunity. Therapies aimed at increasing Tregs, especially in a disease targeted manner, have the potential to reestablish self-tolerance and cure autoimmunity.All T cells, including Tregs, must recognize antigen on antigen presenting cells (APCs) to perform effector functions. Therefore, targeting an APC niche that supports the development of Tregs is an effective approach for development of autoimmune therapeutics. Dendritic cells (DCs) are a class of APCs known to support Treg development and function. In this study, we show that agonism of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or monophosphoryl Lipid A (MPLA) on DCs leads to a CD25+ MHCIIhigh DC phenotype. We show that the expression of CD25 is unique to DCs and that it binds IL-2 from the environment without detectable downstream signaling. Importantly, we show that this bound IL-2 can be utilized by responder T cells, highlighting a potential function of CD25 on DCs. We then combined TLR-4 agonism with our lab's DC-targeting tolerogenic vaccine, GMCSF-MOG, which we have previously shown leads to high levels of Tregs and amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. When GMCSF-MOG is combined with MPLA, Treg levels are increased and extend out to 78 days post injection. The enhanced and extended Treg levels observed when MPLA is included in the vaccine likely play a role in accelerating the GMCSF-MOG-mediated amelioration of EAE and preventing observed EAE relapse. At the crux of DC-mediated tolerance induction is the efficiency of the antigen recognition event. Lower affinity TCR ligation supports tolerance through lower induction of costimulatory molecules (CD40L) and increased induction of inhibitory molecules (PD-1). Furthermore, inhibiting the CD40L/CD40 axis increases Treg induction. Overall, we show that TLR-4 agonism leads to CD25+ MHCIIhigh DCs and functions as a tolerogenic adjuvant when combined with the DC targeting GMSCF-MOG vaccine through support of low-efficiency Treg-favorable antigen recognition events.
Book Synopsis Biology of Myelomonocytic Cells by : Anirban Ghosh
Download or read book Biology of Myelomonocytic Cells written by Anirban Ghosh and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-05-10 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Myelomonocytes are the multipotent cells in the stage of blood cell differentiation, which mainly comprise blood monocytes, tissue macrophages and subset of dendritic cells. Actually, their position and ability of judgement of the health of tissue or organ environment are the key initiators of tissue-specific immune response in a local and global fashion. Interestingly, the morpho-functional aspects of this group of cells vary to a wide range with their positional diversity. Their ability to communicate or represent the tissue microenvironment to the peripheral immune system and efficiency to engage the system to effector activation hold the key for a successful immune endeavour. The present volume shows some glimpses of such an extensive area of current immunology research.
Book Synopsis Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells Part A by :
Download or read book Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells Part A written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-10-04 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells Part A, Volume 348 in the International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology series highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on the Origin and Development of Dendritic Cells, Dendritic Cell Subsets and Locations, Antigen Processing and Presentation, The Interaction of Dendritic Cells With Cancer Cells, The Role of Dendritic Cells in Human Diseases, and Dendritic Cells-based Vaccines for Cancer Therapy. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology series Includes the latest information on the Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Part A
Book Synopsis Crossroads Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity V by : Stephen P. Schoenberger
Download or read book Crossroads Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity V written by Stephen P. Schoenberger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-31 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a collection of reviews derived from work presented at the Aegean Conference: “5th Crossroads Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity”. This meeting was the fifth in a series, and assembled a team of scientists working on mechanisms by which the innate immune system of the host senses pathogens, the cellular and signaling networks that orchestrate the innate response and antigen presentation and adaptive immunity. The importance of the crosstalk between innate immunity and the adaptive immune response has only recently started to be appreciated. Although it is well recognized that dendritic cells, NK cells, NK-T cells and T cells are all critical for the host response to pathogens, the respective fields that study the biology of these immune cells tend to exist in parallel worlds with minimum exchange of information and ideas. This fragmentation hinders the integration of these fields towards a unified theory of host response. The Aegean Conference “Crossroads between Innate and Adaptive Immunity” brought together leading international scientists and experts to address critical areas of Innate and Adaptive Immunity, a necessary step in the development of more efficient scientific exchange and crosspollination between these fields. This conference attracted scientists from all over the world to discuss their latest findings on the various aspects of Innate and Adaptive Immunity, and maximized scientific interchange through lecture presentations, poster sessions and informal discussions.
Book Synopsis Biological Interactions on Materials Surfaces by : David A. Puleo
Download or read book Biological Interactions on Materials Surfaces written by David A. Puleo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-26 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Success or failure of biomaterials, whether tissue engineered constructs, joint and dental implants, vascular grafts, or heart valves, depends on molecular-level events that determine subsequent responses of cells and tissues. This book presents the latest developments and state-of-the-art knowledge regarding protein, cell, and tissue interactions with both conventional and nanophase materials. Insight into these biomaterial surface interactions will play a critical role in further developments in fields such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and biocompatibility of implanted materials and devices. With chapters written by leaders in their respective fields, this compendium will be the authoritative source of information for scientists, engineers, and medical researchers seeking not only to understand but also to control tissue-biomaterial interactions.
Book Synopsis Biomaterials in Regenerative Medicine and the Immune System by : Laura Santambrogio
Download or read book Biomaterials in Regenerative Medicine and the Immune System written by Laura Santambrogio and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-04 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The generation of tridimensional tissues, assembled from scaffolding materials populated with biologically functional cells, is the great challenge and hope of tissue bioengineering and regenerative medicine. The generation of biomaterials capable of harnessing the immune system has been particularly successful. This book provides a comprehensive view of how immune cells can be manipulated to suppresses inflammation, deliver vaccines, fight cancer cells, promote tissue regeneration or inhibit blood clotting and bacterial infections by functionally engineered biomaterials. However, long-lived polymers, such as those employed in orthopedic surgery or vascular stents, can often induce an immune reaction to their basic components. As a result, this book is also an important step towards coming to understand how to manipulate biomaterials to optimize their beneficial effects and downplay detrimental immune responses.
Download or read book Annual Review of Immunology written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Volume Two by : Masoud Mozafari
Download or read book Handbook of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Volume Two written by Masoud Mozafari and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Volume Two provides a comprehensive and authoritative review on recent advancements in the application and use of composite scaffolds in tissue engineering. Chapters focus on specific tissue/organ (mostly on the structure and anatomy), the materials used for treatment, natural composite scaffolds, synthetic composite scaffolds, fabrication techniques, innovative materials and approaches for scaffolds preparation, host response to the scaffolds, challenges and future perspectives, and more. Bringing all the information together in one major reference, the authors systematically review and summarize recent research findings, thus providing an in-depth understanding of scaffold use in different body systems.
Book Synopsis Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 2007 by : Martin L. Yarmush
Download or read book Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 2007 written by Martin L. Yarmush and published by Annual Reviews. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dendritic Cell Protocols by : Stephen P. Robinson
Download or read book Dendritic Cell Protocols written by Stephen P. Robinson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dendritic Cell Protocols provides chapter and verse for many useful practical approaches to the art of studying dendritic cells. The book gives information on the usual techniques for derivation of human dendritic cells from precursor stem cells, such as monocytes. In addition it provides data on the difficult tasks of isolating dendritic cells directly from different tissues; whether dendritic cells from precursor cells or from tissues of mouse or human are required, this book contributes practical information. The last section of the book is devoted to functional aspects of dendritic cells ranging from inf- mation relevant to cell migration to antigen uptake and T cell stimulation. But what is a dendritic cell? The explosion of studies on this cell type over the last few years is breathtaking. We now have so-called “myeloid” and “plas- cytoid” dendritic cells; are they of separate lineages or are they related? There are claims that dendritic cells can be derived from B cells and from granulocytes, as well as from “monocytes. ” Lymphocytes can be switched on or off by dendritic cells. Dendritic cells can preferentially cause Th1 or Th2 responses or some may stimulate B cells directly. When there is so much scope for exploring these new developments, it is particularly important that the data that are established and the practical basis for this work are clearly available, a task that this book fulfils.
Book Synopsis Accessory Cells in HIV and Other Retroviral Infections by : Paul Racz
Download or read book Accessory Cells in HIV and Other Retroviral Infections written by Paul Racz and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 1991 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Protein Blood Group Antigens of the Human Red Cell by : Peter Agre
Download or read book Protein Blood Group Antigens of the Human Red Cell written by Peter Agre and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Differentiation by : Paul B. Fisher
Download or read book Mechanisms of Differentiation written by Paul B. Fisher and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-09-20 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significant recent advances in cell culture technology now permit a detailed biochemical and molecular analysis of differentiation in both normal and tumor cells. These studies are important in attempting to understand the complex factors involved in normal growth and development, as well as the abnormalities associated with carcinogenesis. Mechanisms of Differentiation, Volumes I and II, is comprised of review chapters addressing various topics of current interest in this important area of research. Topics discussed include genes controlling differentiation, changes in gene expression during differentiation, induction of differentiation, induction of differentiation as a mode of action of chemotherapeutic agents, and the effect of cell shape, growth factors and differentiation modulating agents on the differentiated cell phenotype. Mechanisms of Differentiation is valuable to researchers involved in differentiation and development, carcinogenesis, cell biology, chemotherapy, and immunology.
