Thunder at Gettysburg

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Publisher : Yearling
ISBN 13 : 9780440410751
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Thunder at Gettysburg by : Patricia Lee Gauch

Download or read book Thunder at Gettysburg written by Patricia Lee Gauch and published by Yearling. This book was released on 1990-10 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this fictional, but historically accurate account of a young girl's involvement in the Battle of Gettysburg, Tillie Pierce Alleman tells of her experiences helping wounded soldiers. A Child Study Children's Book Committee: Children's Book of the Year.

Thunder at Gettysburg

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780780707047
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Thunder at Gettysburg by :

Download or read book Thunder at Gettysburg written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Thunder in Gettysburg

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Publisher : Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group
ISBN 13 : 9780440911906
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis Thunder in Gettysburg by : Patricia Lee Gauch

Download or read book Thunder in Gettysburg written by Patricia Lee Gauch and published by Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group. This book was released on 1996-09-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Thunder at Gettysburg

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Author :
Publisher : Learning Links
ISBN 13 : 9780881228816
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (288 download)

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Book Synopsis Thunder at Gettysburg by : Barbara Reeves

Download or read book Thunder at Gettysburg written by Barbara Reeves and published by Learning Links. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Novel-Ties study guides contain reproducible pages in a chapter by chapter format to accompany a work of literature of the same title.

Summer Thunder

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Publisher : Univ. of Tennessee Press
ISBN 13 : 1572337419
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (723 download)

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Book Synopsis Summer Thunder by : Matt Spruill

Download or read book Summer Thunder written by Matt Spruill and published by Univ. of Tennessee Press. This book was released on 2010-11-16 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the myriad books examining the Battle of Gettysburg (July 1–3, 1863), Summer Thunder is one of a kind. A terrific resource for is visitors to the national military park, it explores the clashing armies’ deployment of artillery throughout the battle—from one position to another, from one day to the next. Matt Spruill, a retired U.S. Army colonel and former licensed Gettysburg guide, carefully takes readers to every point on the battlefield where artillery was used, and combining his own commentary with excerpts from the Official Records and other primary sources, he reveals the tactical thinking of both Union and Confederate commanders. Spruill uses a sequential series of thirty-five “stops,” complete with driving instructions and recent photographs, to guide readers around the park and orient them about where the opposing units were placed and what happened there. Detailed maps depict the battlefield as it was in 1863 and are marked with artillery positions, including the number of guns in action with each battery. Meanwhile, the passages from primary sources allow the reader to see key events as the actual participants saw them. The book also brims with information about the various artillery pieces used by both sides, from howitzers to Parrott rifles and Napoleon field guns, and the critical role they played over the course of the battle, right up its outcome. Summer Thunder devotes a chapter to each of the three days of the historic devotes a chapter to each of the three days of the historic Summer Thunder engagement between the Army of the Potomac and the Army of Northern Virginia. One can follow the battle chronologically in its entirety from Stop 1 to Stop 35, or concentrate on a specific day or a specific area. In fact, the maps and orientation information are of such detail that the book can be used even without being on the battlefield, making it an invaluable reference work for expert and novice alike.

A Chain of Thunder

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Publisher : Ballantine Books
ISBN 13 : 0345527402
Total Pages : 593 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (455 download)

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Book Synopsis A Chain of Thunder by : Jeff Shaara

Download or read book A Chain of Thunder written by Jeff Shaara and published by Ballantine Books. This book was released on 2013-05-21 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER Continuing the series that began with A Blaze of Glory, Jeff Shaara returns to chronicle another decisive chapter in America’s long and bloody Civil War. In A Chain of Thunder, the action shifts to the fortress city of Vicksburg, Mississippi. There, in the vaunted “Gibraltar of the Confederacy,” a siege for the ages will cement the reputation of one Union general—and all but seal the fate of the rebel cause. In May 1863, after months of hard and bitter combat, Union troops under the command of Major General Ulysses S. Grant at long last successfully cross the Mississippi River. They force the remnants of Confederate Lieutenant General John C. Pemberton’s army to retreat to Vicksburg, burning the bridges over the Big Black River in its path. But after sustaining heavy casualties in two failed assaults against the rebels, Union soldiers are losing confidence and morale is low. Grant reluctantly decides to lay siege to the city, trapping soldiers and civilians alike inside an iron ring of Federal entrenchments. Six weeks later, the starving and destitute Southerners finally surrender, yielding command of the Mississippi River to the Union forces on July 4—Independence Day—and marking a crucial turning point in the Civil War. Drawing on comprehensive research and his own intimate knowledge of the Vicksburg Campaign, Jeff Shaara once again weaves brilliant fiction out of the ragged cloth of historical fact. From the command tents where generals plot strategy to the ruined mansions where beleaguered citizens huddle for safety, this is a panoramic portrait of men and women whose lives are forever altered by the siege. On one side stand the emerging legend Grant, his irascible second William T. Sherman, and the youthful “grunt” Private Fritz Bauer; on the other, the Confederate commanders Pemberton and Joseph Johnston, as well as nineteen-year-old Lucy Spence, a civilian doing her best to survive in the besieged city. By giving voice to their experiences at Vicksburg, A Chain of Thunder vividly evokes a battle whose outcome still reverberates more than 150 years after the cannons fell silent. BONUS: This edition includes an excerpt from Jeff Shaara's The Smoke at Dawn. Praise for A Chain of Thunder “[Jeff] Shaara continues to draw powerful novels from the bloody history of the Civil War. . . . The dialogue intrigues. Shaara aptly reveals the main actors: Grant, stoic, driven, not given to micromanagement; Sherman, anxious, high-strung, engaged even when doubting Grant’s strategy. . . . Worth a Civil War buff’s attention.”—Kirkus Reviews “Searing . . . Shaara seamlessly interweaves multiple points of view, as the plot is driven by a stellar cast of real-life and fictional characters coping with the pivotal crisis. . . . [A] riveting fictional narrative.”—Booklist “Shaara’s historical accuracy is faultless, and he tells a good story. . . . The voices of these people come across to the reader as poignantly as they did 150 years ago.”—Historical Novels Review “The writing is picturesque and vibrant. . . . [an] engrossing tale.”—Bookreporter

Tillie Pierce

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Publisher : Twenty-First Century Books ™
ISBN 13 : 151245303X
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (124 download)

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Book Synopsis Tillie Pierce by : Tanya Anderson

Download or read book Tillie Pierce written by Tanya Anderson and published by Twenty-First Century Books ™. This book was released on 2017-01-01 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Imagine being fifteen years old, facing the bloodiest battle ever to take place on U.S. soil: the Battle of Gettysburg. In July 1863, this is exactly what happened to Tillie Pierce, a normal teenager who became an unlikely heroine of the Civil War (1861-1865). Tillie and other women and girls like her found themselves trapped during this critical three-day battle in southern Pennsylvania. Without training, but with enormous courage and compassion, Tillie and other Gettysburg citizens helped save the lives of countless wounded Union and Confederate soldiers. In gripping prose, Tillie Pierce: Teen Eyewitness to the of Battle Gettysburg takes readers behind the scenes. And through Tillie’s own words, the story of one of the Civil War’s most famous battles comes alive.

Decisions at Gettysburg

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Publisher : Univ. of Tennessee Press
ISBN 13 : 1572337885
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (723 download)

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Book Synopsis Decisions at Gettysburg by : Matt Spruill

Download or read book Decisions at Gettysburg written by Matt Spruill and published by Univ. of Tennessee Press. This book was released on 2011-03-16 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Campaign and Battle of Gettysburg have inspired scrutiny from virtually every angle. Standing out amid the voluminous scholarship, this book is not merely one more narrative history of the events that transpired before, during, and after those three momentous July days in southern Pennsylvania. Rather, it focuses on and analyzes nineteen critical decisions by Union and Confederate commanders that determined the particular ways in which those events unfolded. Matt Spruill, a retired U.S. Army colonel who studied and taught at the U. S. Army War College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, contends that, among the many decisions made during any military campaign, a limited number—strategic, operational, tactical, organizational—make the difference, with subsequent decisions and circumstances proceeding from those defining moments. At Gettysburg, he contends, had any of the nineteen decisions he identifies not been made and/or another decision made in its stead, all sorts of events from those decision points on would have been different and the campaign and battle as we know it today would appear differently. The battle might have lasted two days or four days instead of three. The orientation of opposing forces might have been different. The battle could well have occurred away from Gettysburg rather than around the town. Whether Lee would have emerged the victor and Meade the vanquished remains an open question, but whatever the outcome, it was the particular decision-making delineated here that shaped the campaign that went into the history books. Along with his insightful analysis of the nineteen decisions, Spruill includes a valuable appendix that takes the battlefield visitor to the actual locations where the decisions were made or executed. This guide features excerpts from primary documents that further illuminate the ways in which the commanders saw situations on the ground and made their decisions accordingly.

Gettysburg Revisited

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Author :
Publisher : iUniverse
ISBN 13 : 1450278310
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis Gettysburg Revisited by : Shand Stringham

Download or read book Gettysburg Revisited written by Shand Stringham and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2011-03-10 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 2000s in a top secret facility located deep beneath Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania, years of research on time travel technology by the United States military finally comes together. But the initial excitement soon wanes when a startling reality surfaces and captures a moral dilemma. Suddenly, everyone is speculating what will happen if they start changing history. As the team, led by United States Army Colonel Barton Stauffer, begins testing the new time technology using the Civil War Battle of Gettysburg as an experimental bed, they focus on placing a defensive temporal capability in position before other global powers can develop time travel capabilities of their own. But harnessing time proves challenging, and Stauffers team soon discovers that their technology is inadequate. As incredible temporal energies are mistakenly unleashed, army officers begin disappearing into brilliant flashes of light. Stauffer soon realizes his team is doing much more than just observing battlefields through observation portalsthey possess the ability to reset history for all humankind. All it takes is a flip of a switch to return to the beginning and halt the project. Now Stauffer must decide which is more importantleaving the past as it was or saving the future.

Thunder at the Gates

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0465096646
Total Pages : 450 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis Thunder at the Gates by : Douglas Egerton

Download or read book Thunder at the Gates written by Douglas Egerton and published by . This book was released on 2016-11-01 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost immediately after Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, abolitionists began to call for the raising of black regiments. The South and most of the North responded with outrage. Southerners vowed to enslave black soldiers captured in battle, while many northerners claimed that blacks lacked the courage to fight. Yet Boston's Brahmins, always eager for a moral crusade, launched one of the greatest experiments in American history. In Thunder at the gates, Douglas R. Egerton chronicles the formation and exploits of the 54th and 55th Massachusetts Infantry and the 5th Massachusetts Cavalry -- regiments led by whites but composed of black men born free or into slavery.

Valley Thunder

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Publisher : Savas Beatie
ISBN 13 : 1611210542
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Valley Thunder by : Charles R. Knight

Download or read book Valley Thunder written by Charles R. Knight and published by Savas Beatie. This book was released on 2010-05-10 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An “exciting and informative” account of the Civil War battle that opened the 1864 Shenandoah Valley Campaign, with illustrations included (Lone Star Book Review). Charles Knight’s Valley Thunder is the first full-length account in decades to examine the combat at New Market on May 15, 1864 that opened the pivotal Shenandoah Valley Campaign. Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, who set in motion the wide-ranging operation to subjugate the South in 1864, intended to attack on multiple fronts so the Confederacy could no longer “take advantage of interior lines.” A key to success in the Eastern Theater was control of the Shenandoah Valley, an agriculturally abundant region that helped feed Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia. Grant tasked Maj. Gen. Franz Sigel, a German immigrant with a mixed fighting record, and a motley collection of units numbering some 10,000 men to clear the Valley and threaten Lee’s left flank. Opposing Sigel was Maj. Gen. (and former US Vice President) John C. Breckinridge, who assembled a scratch command to repulse the Federals. Included in his 4,500-man army were Virginia Military Institute cadets under the direction of Lt. Col. Scott Ship, who’d marched eighty miles in four days to fight Sigel. When the armies faced off at New Market, Breckinridge told the cadets, “Gentlemen, I trust I will not need your services today; but if I do, I know you will do your duty.” The sharp fighting seesawed back and forth during a drenching rainstorm, and wasn’t concluded until the cadets were inserted into the battle line to repulse a Federal attack and launch one of their own. The Union forces were driven from the Valley, but would return, reinforced and under new leadership, within a month. Before being repulsed, they would march over the field at New Market and capture Staunton, burn VMI in Lexington (partly in retaliation for the cadets’ participation at New Market), and very nearly capture Lynchburg. Operations in the Valley on a much larger scale that summer would permanently sweep the Confederates from the “Bread Basket of the Confederacy.” Valley Thunder is based on years of primary research and a firsthand appreciation of the battlefield terrain. Knight’s objective approach includes a detailed examination of the complex prelude leading up to the battle, and his entertaining prose introduces soldiers, civilians, and politicians who found themselves swept up in one of the war’s most gripping engagements.

The Cavalry at Gettysburg

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Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 9780803279414
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (794 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cavalry at Gettysburg by : Edward G. Longacre

Download or read book The Cavalry at Gettysburg written by Edward G. Longacre and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Bristles with analysis, details, judgments, personality profiles, and evaluations and combat descriptions, even down to the squadron and company levels."-Civil War Times Illustrated

Out Flew the Sabres

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Publisher : Savas Beatie
ISBN 13 : 161121257X
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Out Flew the Sabres by : Eric J. Wittenberg

Download or read book Out Flew the Sabres written by Eric J. Wittenberg and published by Savas Beatie. This book was released on 2016-05-19 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One day. Fourteen hours. Twelve thousand Union cavalrymen against 9,000 of their Confederate counterparts—with three thousand Union infantry thrown in for good measure. Amidst the thunder of hooves and the clashing of sabers, they slugged it out across the hills and dales of Culpepper County, Virginia. And it escalated into the largest cavalry battle ever fought on the North American continent. Fleetwood Hill at Brandy Station was the site of four major cavalry battles during the course of the Civil War, but none was more important than the one fought on June 9, 1863. That clash turned out to be the opening engagement of the Gettysburg Campaign—and the one-day delay it engendered may very well have impacted the outcome of the entire campaign. The tale includes a veritable who’s-who of cavalry all-stars in the East: Jeb Stuart, Wade Hampton, John Buford, and George Armstrong Custer. Robert E. Lee, the great Confederate commander, saw his son, William H. F. Lee, being carried off the battlefield, severely wounded. Both sides suffered heavy losses. But for the Federal cavalry, the battle was also a watershed event. After Brandy Station, never again would they hear the mocking cry, “Whoever saw a dead cavalryman?” In Out Flew the Sabers: The Battle of Brandy Station, June 9, 1863—The Opening Engagement of the Gettysburg Campaign, Civil War historians Eric J. Wittenberg and Daniel T. Davis have written the latest entry in Savas Beatie’s critically acclaimed Emerging Civil War Series.

Chancellorsville Staff Ride: Briefing Book [Illustrated Edition]

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Publisher : Pickle Partners Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1782898565
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (828 download)

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Book Synopsis Chancellorsville Staff Ride: Briefing Book [Illustrated Edition] by : Ted Ballard

Download or read book Chancellorsville Staff Ride: Briefing Book [Illustrated Edition] written by Ted Ballard and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2014-08-15 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains more than 20 maps, diagrams and illustrations Although "Fighting Joe" Hooker skillfully executes a well-conceived plan and out-flanks his adversary, months of offensive planning are shelved as he suddenly orders his army on the defensive. Lee seizes the initiative and achieves what has often been called his most brilliant victory. How could this happen when Hooker's army outnumbers that of Lee 2 to 1 and is far superior in artillery and logistics? Answers to these and other questions concerning leadership, communications, use of terrain, and the psychology of men in battle, are often found by personal reconnaissance of the battlefield. This book offers a staff ride briefing of Chancellorsville. Since 1906 staff rides have been used to in the education of U.S. Army officers to narrow the gap between peacetime training and war.

Cain at Gettysburg

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Publisher : Forge Books
ISBN 13 : 1429968478
Total Pages : 459 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis Cain at Gettysburg by : Ralph Peters

Download or read book Cain at Gettysburg written by Ralph Peters and published by Forge Books. This book was released on 2012-02-28 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the American Library Association's W. Y. Boyd Award for Excellence in Military Fiction Two mighty armies blunder toward each other, one led by confident, beloved Robert E. Lee and the other by dour George Meade. They'll meet in a Pennsylvania crossroads town where no one planned to fight. In this sweeping, savagely realistic novel, the greatest battle ever fought on American soil explodes into life at Gettysburg. As generals squabble, staffs err. Tragedy unfolds for immigrants in blue and barefoot Rebels alike. The fate of our nation will be decided in a few square miles of fields. Following a tough Confederate sergeant from the Blue Ridge, a bitter Irish survivor of the Great Famine, a German political refugee, and gun crews in blue and gray, Cain at Gettysburg is as grand in scale as its depictions of combat are unflinching. For three days, battle rages. Through it all, James Longstreet is haunted by a vision of war that leads to a fateful feud with Robert E. Lee. Scheming Dan Sickles nearly destroys his own army. Gallant John Reynolds and obstreperous Win Hancock, fiery William Barksdale and dashing James Johnston Pettigrew, gallop toward their fates.... There are no marble statues on this battlefield, only men of flesh and blood, imperfect and courageous. From New York Times bestselling author and former U.S. Army officer Ralph Peters, Cain at Gettysburg is bound to become a classic of men at war. At the Publisher's request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.

Thunder in the Harbor

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781611211856
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (118 download)

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Book Synopsis Thunder in the Harbor by : Richard Hatcher

Download or read book Thunder in the Harbor written by Richard Hatcher and published by . This book was released on 2014-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fort Sumter hunkered on the horizon like a low, squat line separating Charleston Harbor from the open ocean. The manmade fort sat poised on the border of more than South Carolina and the sea. Occupied in April 1861 by the United States government but under siege by secessionist storm clouds from across the South, it ran like a line between Federal authority and state control; between North and South; between peace and war. "In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war," President Lincoln had warned secessionist firebrands during his first inaugural address. But South Carolina, the hottest of secessionist hotbeds, wasn't listening. Southern political brinksmanship was pushing toward inevitable, calamitous war. Fort Sumter had become the flashpoint. At 4:30 a.m. on Friday, April 12, 1861, Confederate batteries opened fire. Thirty-four hours later, with their supplies running low but their honor satisfied, Federal forces lowered their tattered flag. The only casualty--an accidental death--came after the surrender. It was otherwise a bloodless first battle to the bloodiest four years in American history. But those fateful first shots of the Civil War--certainly the war's most famous--marked only the first of many chapters for Sumter. Over the next four years, the fort and the harbor it protected weathered the storms of war: bombardments and blockades; the launch and loss of the Confederate submarine Hunley; the assault on Battery Wagner, on adjacent Morris Island, by the famed 54th Massachusetts Infantry; and Sherman's march to the sea. Thunder in the Harbor recounts Fort Sumter's storied history in the engaging prose that has become the hallmark of the Emerging Civil War Series. Supplemented with more than a hundred historical photos and illustrations, captivating contemporary photography, and detailed maps, Thunder in the Harbor gives readers a behind-the-scenes look inside one of America's most iconic places.

“If We Are Striking for Pennsylvania”, Volume 1: June 3–21, 1863

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Author :
Publisher : Savas Beatie
ISBN 13 : 1611215854
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis “If We Are Striking for Pennsylvania”, Volume 1: June 3–21, 1863 by : Scott L. Mingus

Download or read book “If We Are Striking for Pennsylvania”, Volume 1: June 3–21, 1863 written by Scott L. Mingus and published by Savas Beatie. This book was released on 2022-08-26 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scott L. Mingus Sr. and Eric J. Wittenberg, the authors of more than forty Civil War books, have once again teamed up to present a history of the opening moves of the Gettysburg Campaign in the two-volume study “If We Are Striking for Pennsylvania”: The Army of Northern Virginia and the Army of the Potomac March to Gettysburg. This compelling study is one of the first to integrate the military, media, political, social, economic, and civilian perspectives with rank-and-file accounts from the soldiers of both armies as they inexorably march toward their destiny at Gettysburg. This first installment covers June 3–21, 1863, while the second, spanning June 22–30, completes the march and carries the armies to the eve of the fighting. Gen. Robert E. Lee began moving part of his Army of Northern Virginia from the Old Dominion toward Pennsylvania on June 3, 1863. Lee believed his army needed to win a major victory on Northern soil if the South was to have a chance at winning the war. Transferring the fighting out of war-torn Virginia would allow the state time to heal while he supplied his army from untapped farms and stores in Maryland and the Keystone State. Lee had also convinced Pres. Jefferson Davis that his offensive would interfere with the Union effort to take Vicksburg in Mississippi. The bold movement would trigger extensive cavalry fighting and a major battle at Winchester before culminating in the bloody three-day battle at Gettysburg. As the Virginia army moved north, the Army of the Potomac responded by protecting the vital roads to Washington, D.C., in case Lee turned to threaten the capital. Opposing presidents Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis, meanwhile, kept a close watch on the latest and often conflicting military intelligence gathered in the field. Throughout northern Virginia, central Maryland, and south-central Pennsylvania, meanwhile, civilians and soldiers alike struggled with the reality of a mobile campaign and the massive logistical needs of the armies. Thousands left written accounts of the passage of the long martial columns. Mingus and Wittenberg mined hundreds of primary accounts, newspapers, and other sources to produce this powerful and gripping account. As readers will quickly learn, much of it is glossed over in other studies of the campaign, which cannot be fully understood without a firm appreciation of what the armies (and civilians) did on their way to the small crossroads town in Pennsylvania.