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Author : Kiyoshi Arakawa
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (231 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Product Differentiation and Variety written by Kiyoshi Arakawa and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Marco Di Cintio
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 71 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Product Differentiation written by Marco Di Cintio and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on Vertical Product Differentiation written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Benjamin S. Skrainka
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (116 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Product Differentiation written by Benjamin S. Skrainka and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : B. S. Skrainka
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (829 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Product Differentiation written by B. S. Skrainka and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis develops computational and applied tools to study differentiated products. The core of the thesis focuses on Berry, Levinsohn, and Pakes's [1995] (BLP hereafter) model of differentiated products. First, I examine how polynomial-based methods for multi-dimensional numerical integration improve the performance of the model. Unlike Monte Carlo integration, these rules produce reliable point estimates and standard errors as well as increasing the accuracy and execution speed of the estimation software. Next, I conduct a large scale simulation study to investigate both the asymptotic and finite sample behavior of the BLP model using the traditional instruments formed from characteristics of rival goods and also supply-side cost shifters, which are necessary for asymptotic identification. The final part of the thesis evaluates the 2003 merger of Morrisons and Safeway by combining a discrete/continuous choice model of demand with census data to construct a geographic distribution of demand. I use this distribution to model the interaction between the location of consumers and stores, focusing on the welfare implications of the merger.
Author : Abigail Britton Ferguson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (436 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Differentiated Product Markets and Competition Policy written by Abigail Britton Ferguson and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation features three essays in industrial organization. The first two investigate aspects of potentially anticompetitive firm behavior in differentiated product markets. Contrary to previous analyses, requirements tying and bundled rebates by a firm with a monopoly in one market that competes in another may increase total surplus when product differentiation in the competitive market is endogenous. This result is stronger for tying than for bundled rebates, and holds for both horizontal and vertical differentiation (essays 1 and 2, respectively). Under requirements tying or bundled rebates, a multiproduct firm (horizontally) differentiates its product less from its rival's product than it would under independent pricing, suggesting a new efficiency consideration for requirements tying: a reduction in transport costs. A similar result prevails under vertical differentiation: when the tying firm controls either quality niche, it reduces the quality of its tied product; however, the rival may invest in the quality of its competing product. Hence, the effect on total surplus is ambiguous when tying or bundled rebates arrangements are permitted. The second essay employs an empirical model typically used to analyze differentiated product markets analyze a different economic environment: parents' decision to home school their children. Home schooling has grown in popularity as an alternative to public or private schools; some estimates place growth at 15 to 40% per year in the U.S.I empirically estimate the demand for home schooling as an alternative to these other modes of education, focusing on potential network effects in household decisions to home-school. I find support for the hypothesis that home schooling 'support groups' mitigate the cost of home schooling relative to the alternatives, but only occur in areas with a critical mass of home-schooling households. The data also suggest that as interest in home schooling grows, the local community's school district spending per child declines, increasing the probability that more parents will take their children out of public schools. Both phenomena suggest the existence of network effects in the market for primary and secondary education.
Author : John Beath
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521335522
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (355 download)
Download or read book The Economic Theory of Product Differentiation written by John Beath and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1991-02-22 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are few industries in modern market economies that do not manufacture differentiated products. This book provides a systematic explanation and analysis of the widespread prevalence of this important category of products. The authors concentrate on models in which product selection is endogenous. In the first four chapters they consider models that try to predict the level of product differentiation that would emerge in situations of market equilibrium. These market equilibria with differentiated products are characterised and then compared with social welfare optima. Particular attention is paid to the distinction between horizontal and vertical differentiation as well as to the related issues of product quality and durability. This book brings together the most important theoretical contributions to these topics in a succinct and coherent manner. One of its major strengths is the way in which it carefully sets out the basic intuition behind the formal results. It will be useful to advanced undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in industrial economics and microeconomic theory.
Author : Jakob Arne Robert Jeanrond
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 95 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Differentiated Products written by Jakob Arne Robert Jeanrond and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis focuses on how specific aspects of product differentiation affect economic outcomes through their impact on competition between firms. The first paper presents an analysis of firms' incentives to share information about the perceived profitability of different technologies prior to making an investment decision. The model is one of vertical product differentiation in which firms face uncertainty over consumers' preferred product. The main result is that firms reveal information only when they are sufficiently uncertain about which investment strategy to pursue. Information can be revealed in order to facilitate either coordination on a particular technology or anti-coordination on different technologies. In the second paper a seller can choose to sell one or several horizontally differentiated products from competing developers. Developers can charge the seller different wholesale prices for their products where prices are dependent on whether the seller will also carry a competing product. A higher consumer valuation of products raises the potential market share from a single product and thereby increases competition between developers. This implies developer profits can decrease in product quality. The model is compared to a situation in which developers compete for consumers without an intermediary seller. This comparison illustrates how developers sometimes can make higher profits by using a downstream seller since the seller's pricing response acts as a competition softener between developers. In paper three the focus is on product allocation through a single developer of several products who can decide how to allocate them among sellers. This model also features horizontally differentiated products but introduces multidimensional consumer preferences over products and sellers. The developer's product allocation decision is shown to be a key profit determinant for the supply chain. By distributing different products to each seller, the developer can focus inter-seller competition on the product dimension of consumer preferences. Distributing the same products to both sellers allows the developer to force sellers to compete in the dimension of consumers' seller preferences. The relative intensity of consumer preferences over products and sellers thereby determines a profit maximizing allocation for the developer.
Author : Andreas Irmen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (83 download)
Download or read book Essays on Product Differentiation and Market Structure written by Andreas Irmen and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jan Bouckaert
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789056680169
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (81 download)
Download or read book Essays in Competition with Product Differentiation and Bargaining in Markets written by Jan Bouckaert and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kenneth D. Boyer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (22 download)
Download or read book Product Variety and Product Differentiation written by Kenneth D. Boyer and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Souresh Saha
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in Industrial Organization written by Souresh Saha and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Taehwan Kim (Ph.D. in Economics)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Retail Price Competition written by Taehwan Kim (Ph.D. in Economics) and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three chapters. The first chapter examines price dispersion in retail gasoline and focuses on differentiation along the service dimension: full service versus self service. Consistent with more intensive search by self-service customers, I find that price dispersion always decreases with the number of nearby self-service stations, but does not decrease with the number of nearby full-service stations. When I segment the market by brand, I observe that the estimates are sensitive to how brands are separated into different types. These findings show that the market is more clearly segmented by service level than by brand type and also highlight the importance of product differentiation when modeling price dispersion. In the second chapter, I examine product positioning and pricing strategies of sellers in a market undergoing a significant restructuring using data from the introduction of self-service technology in the Korean gasoline market in the 2000s. I show that the decision of full-service sellers to exit or switch to self service is positively correlated with the intensity of competition they face. The pricing strategies of sellers differ by product position: self-service sellers compete for price-sensitive consumers, whereas full-service sellers differentiate their product by offering a variety of bundled products and services, such as coffee, carwash or even a nail salon, to compete for less-price-sensitive consumers. Taken together, these patterns have led to an increase in the full-service premium during the market transition. In the third chapter, I study the effect of a government contract on price. Since 2013, Korean government officials have been required to refuel at contracted gasoline stations, at about 5% discounts relative to the posted price. The initial contract terminated in November 2015 and a new group of sellers took over the contract. In this paper, I use this natural experiment to examine the impact of the government contract on gasoline prices, using a difference-in-difference analysis and price data on all gasoline stations in Seoul. I find that, all else equal, posted prices of contracted gasoline stations are about 2% higher than those of non-contracted stations. This finding is consistent with the prediction of models of price discrimination that prices decrease when the elasticity of demand falls. The effect on prices is not uniform across all stations, however. The contract leads to larger increases in full-service stations' posted prices than in self-service stations' prices, and larger increases at stations with fewer nearby competitors. The contract also decreases prices of non-contracted stations very close to contracted stations.
Author : Simon P. Anderson
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262011280
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (112 download)
Download or read book Discrete Choice Theory of Product Differentiation written by Simon P. Anderson and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The discrete choice approach provides an ideal framework for describing the demands for differentiated products and can be used for studying most product differentiation models in the literature. By introducing extra dimensions of product heterogeneity, the framework also provides richer models of firm location and product selection."--BOOK JACKET.
Author : Sangho Kim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Three Essays of International Trade in Differentiated Products written by Sangho Kim and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Taehoon Youn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Essays on Economics of Vertical Product Differentiation written by Taehoon Youn and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Fan Liu (Ph. D.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (993 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Pricing Strategies written by Fan Liu (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pricing is one of the most vital topic within the theory of Microeconomics. A firm can use a variety of pricing strategies to maximize its profit, gain market share, enter a new market or prevent potential entrants. This dissertation contains three essays exploring the equilibrium effect of various pricing strategies. The first chapter, co-authored with David S. Sibley and Wei Zhao, examines the effects of two types of vertical restrictions that are found in the cigarette and soft drink industries. In one case, a manufacturer gives discounts to the retailer in return for a commitment that the manufacturers product be priced no higher than a specified competing product. We refer to this as a vertical MFN (VMFN). The second is an agreement where the retailer commits to price in such a way that its margin on the product is no higher than the equivalent margin on a specified competing product. We refer to this as a vertical margin constraint (VMC). We show that the VMFN results in equilibrium prices that are higher than in a benchmark case without the constraint. In contrast, the VMC constraint leads to uniformly lower prices. The distributional effects are different, too. The VMFN tends to raise manufacturer profits, if different manufacturers produce very similar products. The retailer is worse off. The opposite effects arise in the VMC case. The second chapter analyzes firms giving switching discounts to consumers who purchased from their rivals rather than own past customers. By analyzing a two-period duopoly model with horizontal differentiation, we find that when the intrinsic value of the product is not high enough to make sure that the consumers will buy at least one of the product, the dynamic price path featured in the previous literature involving a raised second period price for customers with relatively high valuation will be reversed. Moreover, offering switching discounts results in a profit lower than the benchmark case, where such a pricing strategy is unavailable. The third chapter discusses how bundled discounts affect firm's decision of extending the product line by versioning the product through horizontal differentiation or vertical quality degrading. We propose a framework showing that inter-firm mixed bundling schemes may incentivize the introduction of a differentiated product, while in the absence of bundling it may not be profitable to do so. However, the consumer's surplus gain as a result of intensified competition and increased variety of goods from versioning will be dominated by the negative welfare impacts of bundling.
