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Author : Yifei Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Frictions in Financial Markets written by Yifei Wang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Andrada Bilan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (127 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on the Consequences of Financial Market Frictions written by Andrada Bilan and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ina Bialova
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 83 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Market Frictions and Financial Intermediation written by Ina Bialova and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thèse. HEC. 2019
Author : Conglin Xu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (26 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Financial Markets and Monetary Policy written by Conglin Xu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Cagdas Tahaoglu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Financial Markets written by Cagdas Tahaoglu and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three essays that address recent topics in financial markets that concern for scholars, policymakers, and investors. The first essay examines the benefits of international diversification for US investors, while accounting for market development, corporate governance, market cap effects, and structural change across countries over period August 1996 -July 2013. Improved risk adjusted returns are obtained from a diversified portfolio consisting of a mix of developed and emerging countries. Additionally, we find that diversification benefits are not significant for most of the small-cap foreign assets when an investor already holds position in corresponding countries large-cap assets. Diversification benefits based on the governance effectiveness of a country's companies are not ubiquitous. We find that economically significant improvements in risk-return performance can be attained by adding large caps of developed countries with high and low overall Governance Metrics International (GMI) ratings and large and small caps of emerging countries with low overall GMI ratings to the investment universe containing the assets of common law developed countries. However, diversification benefits are economically significant only for large and small caps of low GMI emerging countries when short selling is not allowed. The second essay looks at the market impact of recent regulatory changes in Canada that provide for trading halts on individual stocks that experience large upside or downside movements. The focus is on all stocks traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange since the inception of the single stock circuit breaker rule (SSCB) in February 2012, to replace the short-sale uptick rule. The results support pricing efficiency: material information that caused the circuit breaker is incorporated in stock prices on the day of the halt (neither overreaction nor underreaction), with no decline in market liquidity. Using trade-by-trade data constructed on 5-minute trading intervals, we refine the daily results, and show that shocks in realized volatility are focused in the ten-minute trading interval surrounding the halts. While circuit breakers provide a limited "safety net" for investors when their stocks are subject to severe volatility, they do not provide for a quick turnaround for stocks experiencing severe price decline events. The last essay re-examines the historical vs implied volatility spread anomaly, reported by Goyal and Saretto (2009) using a second-order stochastic dominance (SSD) criterion. The approach incorporates transaction frictions, and is robust to model specification problems, return distributions, as well as preferences. It is found that option trading frictions such as cash collateral requirements and option trading costs significantly reduce but do not eliminate returns to a long-short straddle trading strategy pre-2006 period. However, the anomaly disappears after 2006, consistent with market efficiency. The SSD test results confirm the findings.
Author : Meradj Morteza Pouraghdam
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (952 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on the Role of Frictions in the Economy written by Meradj Morteza Pouraghdam and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis I have investigated three aspects of market frictions. Chapter 1 is about financial frictions, i.e. frictional forces prevailing in the financial lending markets and how monitoring and legal fines imposed on banks affect financial fragility. Chapter 2 explores the frictional labor market, i.e. frictional forces that prevent the smooth matching process between employees and employers in labor markets. In this chapter I investigate the sources of fluctuations in labor market volatility. Chapter 3 investigates the asymmetrical information in lending markets and how bankruptcy law could potentially affect this asymmetrical information between a borrower and its lenders. In Chapter 1, I have investigated the implications of legal fines and partial monitoring in a macro-finance model. This primary motivation of this work was the unprecedented level of fines banks faced in recent years. The research in this field is very sparse and this work is one of the few to fill in the void. I have tried investigating the implications of fines and partial monitoring in static and dynamic frameworks. There is partial monitoring in the sense that dubious behavior of intermediaries is not always observed with certainty. Moreover intermediaries can pay some litigation fees to mitigate the punishment for their conduct should they get caught. Several insights can be drawn from introducing such concepts in static and dynamic frameworks. Partial monitoring and legal fines make the incentive constraint of intermediaries more relaxed, in the sense that bankers are required to pledge less collateral to raise fund. This decrease in the asset pledgeability pushes the corporate spread down. In a dynamic set-up due to changes in asset qualities caused by such possibilities, recovery in output and credit become sluggish in response to an adverse financial shock. The dynamic implications of the model for the post-crisis period are investigated. This paper calls for further research to broaden our understandings in how legal settlements interact with banks' behaviors. In Chapter 2 (joint with Elisa Guglielminetti) I have investigated the time-varying property of job creation in the United States. Despite extensive documentation of the US labor market dynamics, evidence on its time-varying volatility is very hard to find. In this work I contribute to the literature by structurally investigating the time-varying volatility of the U.S. labor market. I address this issue through a time-varying parameter VAR (TVP-VAR) with stochastic volatility by identifying four structural shocks through imposing robust restrictions based on a New Keynesian DSGE model with frictional labor markets and a large set of shocks. The main findings are as follows. First, at business cycle frequencies, the lion share of the variance of job creation is explained by cost-push and demand shocks, thus challenging the conventional practice of addressing the labor market volatility puzzle à la Shimer under the assumption that technology shocks are the main driver of fluctuations in hiring. Second, technology shocks had a negative impact on job creation until the beginning of the '90s. This result is reminiscent of the "hours puzzle" à la Gali. In Chapter 3 (joint with Garence Staraci) I provide an additional rationale why creditors include covenants in their contracts. The central claim is that covenants are not only included as a means of shifting the governance from debtors to creditors, but also to potentially address the concerns creditors might have about how the bankruptcy law is practiced. To investigate this claim, I take advantage of the fact that covenants are nullified inside bankruptcy. This fact permits us to show that any change to the bankruptcy law affects the spread through changes that it brings to the contractual structure...
Author : Mark Victor Loewenstein
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (364 download)
Download or read book Essays on Financial Markets with Frictions written by Mark Victor Loewenstein and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alexandre Kopoin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (113 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in Financial Frictions and International Macroeconomics written by Alexandre Kopoin and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation investigates the role of financial frictions stemming from asymmetric information in financial markets on the transmission of shocks, and the fluctuations in economic activity. Chapter 1 uses the targeted factor modeling to assess the contribution of national and international data to the task of forecasting provincial GDPs in Canada. Results indicate using national and especially US-based series can significantly improve the forecasting ability of targeted factor models. This effect is present and significant at shorter-term horizons but fades away for longerterm horizons. These results suggest that shocks originating at the national and international levels are transmitted to Canadian regions and thus reflected in the regional time series fairly rapidly. While Chapter 1 uses a non-structural, econometric model to tackle the issue of transmission of international shocks, the last two Chapters develop structural models, Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models to assess spillover effects of the transmission of national and international shocks. Chapter 2 presents an international DSGE framework with credit market frictions to assess issues regarding the propagation of national and international shocks. The theoretical framework includes the financial accelerator, the bank capital and exchange rate channels. Results suggest that the exchange rate channel, which has long been ignored, plays an important role in the propagation of shocks. Furthermore, with these three channels present, domestic and foreign shocks have an important quantitative role in explaining domestic aggregates. In addition, results suggest that economies whose banks remain well-capitalized when affected by adverse shock experience less severe downturns. These results highlight the importance of bank capital in an international framework and can be used to inform the worldwide debate over banking regulation. In Chapter 3, I develop a two-country DSGE model in which banks grant loans to domestic as well as to foreign firms to study effects of these cross-border banking activities in the transmission of national and international shocks. Results suggests that cross-border banking activities amplify the transmission of productivity and monetary policy shocks. However, the impact on consumption is limited, because of the cross-border saving possibility between the countries. Moreover, results suggests that under cross-border banking, bilateral correlations become greater than in the absence of these activities. Overall, results demonstrate sizable spillover effects of cross-border banking in the propagation of shocks and suggest that cross-border banking is an important source of the synchronization of business cycles.
Author : Fabian Ackermann
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 143 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on the Efficiency of Selected Financial Markets written by Fabian Ackermann and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Matthew Knowles
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)
Download or read book Essays on Macroeconomics with Financial Frictions written by Matthew Knowles and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This dissertation consists of three essays concerning the macroeconomic implications of financial market frictions that limit the ability of firms to obtain external finance. Each of the three chapters employs a theoretical macroeconomic model, combined with some empirical analysis, to study unanswered questions in the literature related to the importance of these financial market frictions for the wider economy. The three chapters consider, in turn, the effect of banking crises on investment, output and employment, the implications of financial market frictions for optimal capital taxation, and the effect of banking deregulation on the distribution of income. The first chapter studies the long slumps in output and employment following banking crises. In a panel of OECD and emerging economies, I find that recessions are associated with larger initial drops in investment and more persistent drops in output if they occur simultaneously with banking crises. Furthermore, the banking crises that are followed by more persistent output slumps are associated with particularly large initial drops in investment. I show that these patterns can arise in a model where a financial shock temporarily increases the costs of external finance for investing entrepreneurs. This leads to a drop in investment and a persistent slump in output. Critical to the model is the distinction between different types of capital with different depreciation rates. Intangible capital and equipment have high depreciation rates, leading these stocks to drop substantially when investment falls after a financial shock. If wages display some rigidity, this induces a slump in output and employment that persists for roughly a decade, through the contribution of the decline in equipment and intangibles to declining production and labor demand. I find that this mechanism can account for almost a third of the persistent drop in output and employment in the US Great Recession (2007-2014). In the model, TFP and government spending shocks lead to relatively smaller declines in investment and less persistent drops in output; so the model is also consistent with the more transitory output drops seen after non-financial recessions, where such shocks may have been more important. The second chapter, based on work co-written with Corina Boar, considers the implications of financial market frictions for optimal linear capital taxation, in a setting where the government is concerned with redistribution. By including financial frictions, we emphasize the effect of a new channel affecting the equity-efficiency trade-off of redistribution: taxes affect the allocative efficiency of capital and, ultimately, total factor productivity. We find that high tax rates can be optimal, provided that they are applied to wealth, rather than risky capital. Under plausible parameter values, we find that the optimal tax on risky capital is lower than that on wealth, and roughly in line with current U.S. levels. This suggests welfare gains from taxing wealth at a higher rate than risky capital. The third chapter, based on work co-written with Corina Boar and Yicheng Wang, studies the effect of banking deregulation in the US on the distribution of income, from both a theoretical and empirical perspective. We focus on the effect of the removal of interstate banking and branching restrictions over the 1970-1994 period. We present a theoretical model based on Greenwood and Jovanovic (1990) to illustrate the channels through which this deregulation may affect the income distribution. In the model, income inequality rises after banking deregulation for some values of the parameters--because deregulation decreases the cost of borrowing, which primarily benefits wealthy firm-owners. We empirically estimate the effect of interstate banking and branching deregulation on income inequality by exploiting variations in the timing of deregulation across states. We find that the removal of banking restrictions increased the Gini coefficient by 6 percent in the long run."--Pages ix-xi.
Author : Martin Oehmke
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780549968290
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (682 download)
Download or read book Essays on Financial Markets with Liquidity Frictions written by Martin Oehmke and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third chapter, joint work with Markus Brunnermeier, examines predatory short selling of equity in financial institutions. We show that when the stock of a leverage-constrained financial institution is shorted aggressively, this can trigger liquidations of long-term investments at fire-sale prices. Predatory short selling can emerge in equilibrium when a financial institution is (i) close to its leverage constraint (the vulnerability region) or (ii) violates its leverage constraint even in the absence of short selling (the constrained region). The model provides a potential justification for temporary restrictions on short selling for vulnerable institutions.
Author : Sougata Das
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781339034133
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (341 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Market Frictions and Prices written by Sougata Das and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last decade there have been significant changes in market structure as well as in the regulatory framework. New regulations require firms to disclose more information in a timely manner. Simultaneously, quantum improvements in computer networks have increased the speed of information flows and facilitated explosive growth in trading volume. In light of such changes, I examine three important questions regarding how security pricing has responded to recent changes in market frictions. Given the rise of automated trading in the post-decimalization era, we examine time trends in price clustering for exchange traded funds (ETFs) and individual stocks during 2001 - 2010. There is limited prior evidence on price clustering for portfolio securities such as ETFs. A striking feature of the evidence is the substantial reduction in clustering over the sample period for ETFs as well as for individual stocks. This decline occurs for trades of all sizes. We attribute the decline in clustering to the increasing prominence of algorithmic trading, which is immune to psychological biases. The second chapter examines the impact of a firm's disclosure patterns on its cost of debt. Using data on current report (Form 8-K) filings, we examine firms' information disclosure behavior prior to debt issuances and the resultant impact on the cost of debt capital. We find that firms increase their current report filing frequency as the debt issuance approaches; this tendency is more pronounced for public debt issues compared to private debt issues. Among public debt issuers, the increase in disclosure is greater for high-yield debt versus investment-grade debt. Analysis of yield spreads of high-yield debt reveals that more disclosure reduces the cost of debt. These results further suggest that debt issuing firms find current report filing as an economic and useful way to improve the information environment. Finally, chapter three investigates stock market reactions to 8-K reports filed under the new regime in the specific context of acquisitions of privately held target firms by public acquirers. This paper finds that 8-K disclosures filed by public acquirers have a material impact on the pricing and the trading of the acquirers' shares around the event date and the SEC filing dates. Further, we find that this impact is economically significant even for targets classified as "insignificant" by the SEC. We find no significant effects related to the pre-event information transparency of the acquirer.
Author : Yueyang Han
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)
Download or read book Essays on Information and Frictions in Financial Markets written by Yueyang Han and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Uptal Bhattacharya
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (52 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Asymmetric Information in Imperfect Financial Markets written by Uptal Bhattacharya and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jeremy Rastouil
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Labor Market Frictions Under Firm Entry and Financial Business Cycles written by Jeremy Rastouil and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the Great Recession, the interactions between housing, labor and entry highlight the existence of narrow propagation channels between these markets. The aim of this thesis is to shed a light on labor market interactions with firm entry and financial business cycles, by building on the recent theoretical and empirical of DSGE models. In the first chapter, we have found evidence of the key role of the net entry as an amplifying mechanism for employment dynamics. Introducing search and matching frictions, we have studied from a new perspective the cyclicality of the mark-up compared to previous researches that use Walrasian labor market. We found a less countercyclical markup due to the acyclical aspect of the marginal cost in the DMP framework and a reduced role according to firm's entry in the cyclicality of the markup. In the second chapter, we have linked the borrowing capacity of households to their employment situation on the labor market. With this new microfoundation of the collateral constraint, new matches on the labor market translate into more mortgages, while separation induces an exclusion from financial markets for jobseekers. As a result, the LTV becomes endogenous by responding procyclically to employment fluctuations. We have shown that this device is empirically relevant and solves the anomalies of the standard collateral constraint. In the last chapter, we extend the analysis developed in the previous one by integrating collateral constrained firms in order to have a more complete financial business cycle. The first result is that an entrepreneur collateral constraint integrating capital, real commercial estate and wage bill in advance is empirically relevant compared to the collateral literature associated to the labor market which does not consider these three assets. The second finding is the role of the housing price and credit squeezes in the rise of the unemployment rate during the Great Recession. The last two chapters have important implications for economic policy. A structural deregulation reform in the labor market induces a significant rise in the debt level for households and housing price, combined with a substantial rise of firm debt. Our approach allows us to reveal that a macroprudential policy aiming to tighten the LTV ratio for household borrowers has positive effects in the long run for output and employment, while tightening LTV ratios for entrepreneurs leads to the opposite effect.
Author : Semih Uslu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Essays on Search Frictions in Financial Markets written by Semih Uslu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three chapters about search frictions in financial markets. Chapter 1: "Pricing and Liquidity in Decentralized Asset Markets" I develop a search-and-bargaining model of liquidity provision in over-the-counter markets where investors differ in their search intensities. A distinguishing characteristic of my model is its tractability: it allows for heterogeneity, unrestricted asset positions, and fully decentralized trade. I find that investors with higher search intensities (i.e., fast investors) are less averse to holding inventories and more attracted to cash earnings, which makes the model corroborate a number of stylized facts that do not emerge from existing models: (i) fast investors provide intermediation by charging a speed premium, and (ii) fast investors hold larger and more volatile inventories. I also calibrate the model, demonstrate that it produces realistic quantitative outcomes, and use it to study the effect of trading frictions on the supply and price of liquidity. The results have policy implications concerning the Volcker rule. Chapter 2: "Price Dispersion and Trading Activity during Turbulent Times" I construct a dynamic model of crises in a decentralized asset market that operates via search and bargaining. The crisis is modeled as a one-time aggregate shock to uncertainty with a random recovery. The arrival of the crisis shock leads to an increase in both the volatility of asset payoff and the volatility of investors' background risk. The equilibrium path for investors' valuations, terms of trade, and the distribution of investors' positions is characterized in closed form both during the crisis and during the recovery. Tractability of the model allows me to derive natural proxies for price dispersion and trading activity. I show that both volatility of asset payoff and volatility of background risk contribute to higher level of price dispersion during the crisis. Trading activity might be higher or lower depending on the increase in the volatility of background risk relative to the increase in the volatility of asset payoff, consistent with the "flight-to-quality" observations during extreme episodes. A flight to the asset market always starts with a "heating-up" in trading activity but a flight from the market might start with a dry-up or heating-up during the onset of the crisis. If the relative increase in the volatility of asset payoff is too high, a period of fire sales is triggered leading to a short heating-up before the complete dry-up of the trading activity. I calibrate the model according to the U.S. corporate bond market data and show that it captures the observations during the subprime crisis. Chapter 3: "Endogenous Liquidity and Cross-section of Returns in Dynamic Bargaining Markets" The empirical analysis of liquid/illiquid asset pairs reveals the existence of a return differential (liquidity premium) between those types of assets. The time variation in liquidity premia is delineated by the term "flight-to-liquidity," meaning that liquidity premia are higher during extreme market episodes. In this paper, I extend the search-and-bargaining model of Weill (2008) by allowing for risk aversion, to explain this observation. Risk-averse investors optimally allocate their limited budgets of search efforts to various assets. This extension allows me to examine the relationship between risk and liquidity of assets in the cross-section and over time. My model generates endogenous cross-sectional liquidity differentials corroborating much of the empirical evidence. Furthermore, I show that when asset payoffs are more volatile, trade surpluses are higher because idiosyncratic hedging quality differentials are wider. Higher trade surpluses lead to higher value of search, and in turn, higher opportunity cost of committing to a particular asset, especially to an illiquid one. Therefore, periods of high volatility are associated with a flight-to-liquidity.
Author : Qiao Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (918 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in Monetary Economics written by Qiao Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, my research aims at dwelling on the questions, at understanding and explaining -- as a follow of current strand of literature on financial frictions -- the mechanisms that allowed the imperfect and perfect credit intermediation to affect the dynamics of economy and the transmission of monetary policy, and providing a new theoretical formulation for evaluating the unconventional monetary policy. To do this, I first considered the impact of financial intermediation on the analysis of central bank transparency issue (Chapter 2). ln Chapter 3, I focused on the role played by the imperfect financial intermediation/financial frictions in the transmission of shocks : through which mechanisms, do the presence of balance-sheet constraint financial intermediaries affect the effect of shocks on the macroeconomy? Finally, in Chapter 4, 1 construct an theoreticalmodel to analyze an important issue which have net been carried out in existing literature: the transmission mechanism of the central bank's large-scale purchase of mortgage-backed securities. ln this chapter, I first simulated a financial crisis to see if the model is able to replicate some of the most important stylized facts of the Great Recession. Then, basing on the simulated crisis, I examine the efficacy and transmission mechanism of large scale purchases of MBS through comparing these purchases to the purchases of corporate bonds. This experiment is conducted in two credit market configurations, i.e., a partially and a totally segmented credit market. The latter case of market condition is considered by many economists as main obstacle that impedes the nominal functioning of the financial markets. ln this work, we have obtained rich and important findings for guiding the use of unconventional monetary policy. The following parts briefly present the findinqs of the thesis.
