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Thermocouples For High Temperature In Pile Testing
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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Specialized Thermocouples for High-Temperature In-Pile Testing by :
Download or read book Evaluation of Specialized Thermocouples for High-Temperature In-Pile Testing written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many advanced nuclear reactor designs require new fuel, cladding, and structural materials. Data are needed to characterize the performance of these new materials in high temperature, oxidizing, and radiation conditions. To obtain this data, robust instrumentation is needed that can survive proposed test conditions. Standard thermocuoples for measuring temperature in-pile degrade at temperatures above 1100 oC. Hence, INL initiated a project to develop specialized thermocouples for high temperature in-pile applications. Results from efforts to develop, fabricate, and evaluate specialized high-temperature thermocouples for in-pile applications suggest that several material combinations are viable. Tests show that several low neutron cross-section candidate materials are resistant to material interactions and remain ductile at high temperatures. In addition, results indicate that the thermoelectric response is singlevalued and repeatable with acceptable resolution for the candidate thermoelements considered. The final selection of the thermocouple materials will depend on the desired peak temperature and accuracy requirements. If thermocouples are needed that measure temperatures at 1600 oC or higher, the doped Mo / Nb-1%Zr and Mo-1.6% Nb / Nb-1%Zr thermoelement wire combinations are recommended with HfO2 insulation, and a Nb-1%Zr sheath. Additional evaluations are underway to characterize the performance of this proposed thermocouple design. INL has worked to optimize this thermocouple's stability. With appropriate heat treatment and fabrication approaches, results indicate that the effects of thermal cycling on the calibration of the proposed thermocouple design can be minimized. INL has initiated a series of high temperature (from 1200 to 1800 oC) long duration (up to six months) tests. Initial results indicate the INL-developed thermocouple's termoelectric response is stable with less than 15 oC drift observed in over 3500 hours of the planned 4000 hours of tests at 1200 oC. In comparison, commercially-available Type K and N thermocouples included in these 1200 oC tests have experienced drifts up to of over100 oC.
Book Synopsis Thermocouples For High Temperature In-Pile Testing by : J. L. Rempe
Download or read book Thermocouples For High Temperature In-Pile Testing written by J. L. Rempe and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many advanced nuclear reactor designs require new fuel, cladding and structural materials. Data are needed to characeterize the performance of these new materials in high temperature, oxidizing and radiation conditions. To obtain this data, robust instrumentation is needed htat can survive proposed test conditions. Traditional methods for measuring temperature in-pile degrade at temperatures above 1080 degrees C. Hence, a project was intiated to develop specialized thermocouples for high temperature in-pile applications (see Rempe and Wilkins, 2005). This paper summarizes efforts to develop, fabricate and evaluate these specialized thermocouples.
Book Synopsis Enhancements to High Temperature In-Pile Thermocouple Performance by :
Download or read book Enhancements to High Temperature In-Pile Thermocouple Performance written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A joint University of Idaho (UI) and Idaho National Laboratory (INL) University Nuclear Research Initiative (UNERI) was to initiated to extend initial INL efforts to develop doped molybdenum/niobium alloy High Temperature Irradiation Resistant Thermocouples (HTIR-TCs). The overall objective of this UNERI was to develop recommendations for an optimized thermocouple design for high temperature, long duration, in-pile testing by expanding upon results from initial INL efforts. Tasks to quantify the impact of candidate enhancements, such as alternate alloys, alternate geometries, and alternate thermocouple fabrication techniques, on thermocouple performance were completed at INL's High Temperature Test Laboratory (HTTL), a state of the art facility equipped with specialized equipment and trained staff in the area of high temperature instrumentation development and evaluation. Key results of these evaluations, which are documented in this report, are as follows. The doped molybdenum and Nb-1%Zr, which were proposed in the initial INL HTIR-TC design, were found to retain ductility better than the developmental molybdenum-low niobium alloys and the niobium-low molybdenum alloys evaluated. Hence, the performance and lower cost of the commercially available KW-Mo makes a thermocouple containing KW-Mo and Nb-1%Zr the best option at this time. HTIR-TCs containing larger diameter wires offer the potential to increase HTIR-TC stability and reliability at higher temperatures. HTIR-TC heat treatment temperatures and times should be limited to not more than 100 C above the proposed operating temperatures and to durations of at least 4 to 5 hours. Preliminary investigations suggest that the performance of swaged and loose assembly HTIR-TC designs is similar. However, the swaged designs are less expensive and easier to construct. In addition to optimizing HTIR-TC performance, This UNERI project provided unique opportunities to several University of Idaho students, allowing them to become familiar with the techniques and equipment used for specialized high temperature instrumentation fabrication and evaluation and to author/coauthor several key conference papers and journal articles.
Book Synopsis HIGH TEMPERATURE IRRADIATION RESISTANT THERMOCOUPLES - A LOW COST SENSOR FOR IN-PILE TESTING AT HIGH TEMPERATURES. by :
Download or read book HIGH TEMPERATURE IRRADIATION RESISTANT THERMOCOUPLES - A LOW COST SENSOR FOR IN-PILE TESTING AT HIGH TEMPERATURES. written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several options have been identified to improve recently-developed Idaho National Laboratory (INL) High Temperature Irradiation Resistant ThermoCouples (HTIR-TCs) for in-pile testing. These options have the potential to reduce fabrication costs and allow HTIR-TC use in higher temperature applications (up to at least 1800 °C). The INL and the University of Idaho (UI) investigated these options with the ultimate objective of providing recommendations for alternate thermocouple designs that are optimized for various applications. This paper summarizes results from these INL/UI investigations. Specifically, results are reported about several options found to enhance HTIR-TC performance, such as improved heat treatments, alternate geometries, alternate fabrication techniques, and the use of copper/nickel alloys as soft extension cable.
Book Synopsis In-Pile Performance of High-Temperature Thermocouples by :
Download or read book In-Pile Performance of High-Temperature Thermocouples written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis High Temperature Thermometry Seminar by :
Download or read book High Temperature Thermometry Seminar written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Manual on the use of thermocouples in temperature measurement by : American Society for Testing and Materials
Download or read book Manual on the use of thermocouples in temperature measurement written by American Society for Testing and Materials and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1981 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis High-Temperature High-Vacuum Thermocouple Drift Tests by :
Download or read book High-Temperature High-Vacuum Thermocouple Drift Tests written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thermocouple Temperature Measurement by : P. A. Kinzie
Download or read book Thermocouple Temperature Measurement written by P. A. Kinzie and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1973 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methods of Testing Thermocouples and Thermocouple Materials by : William Frederick Roeser
Download or read book Methods of Testing Thermocouples and Thermocouple Materials written by William Frederick Roeser and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis High Temperature Thermocouples For In-pile Applications by :
Download or read book High Temperature Thermocouples For In-pile Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional methods for measuring temperature in-pile degrade at temperatures above 1080 degrees C. Hence, a project has been initiated to explore the use of specialized thermocouples that are composed of materials that are able to withstand higher temperature, in-pile test conditions. Results from efforts to develop, fabricate and evaluate the performance of these specialized thermocouples are reported in this paper. Candidate materials were evaluated for their ability to withstand irradiation, to resit material interactions and to remain ductile at high temperatures. In addition, candidate thermocouples were evaluated based on their resolution over the temperature ranges of interest. Results from these evaluations are reported, and additional on-going development activities are summarized.
Book Synopsis Benchmark Experiments, Development and Needs in Support of Advanced Reactor Design by : Mark David DeHart
Download or read book Benchmark Experiments, Development and Needs in Support of Advanced Reactor Design written by Mark David DeHart and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-08-01 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Summary of Thermocouple Performance During Advanced Gas Reactor Fuel Irradiation Experiments in the Advanced Test Reactor and Out-of-Pile Thermocouple Testing in Support of Such Experiments by :
Download or read book Summary of Thermocouple Performance During Advanced Gas Reactor Fuel Irradiation Experiments in the Advanced Test Reactor and Out-of-Pile Thermocouple Testing in Support of Such Experiments written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High temperature gas reactor experiments create unique challenges for thermocouple based temperature measurements. As a result of the interaction with neutrons, the thermoelements of the thermocouples undergo transmutation, which produces a time dependent change in composition and, as a consequence, a time dependent drift of the thermocouple signal. This drift is particularly severe for high temperature platinum-rhodium thermocouples (Types S, R, and B); and tungsten-rhenium thermocouples (Types C and W). For lower temperature applications, previous experiences with type K thermocouples in nuclear reactors have shown that they are affected by neutron irradiation only to a limited extent. Similarly type N thermocouples are expected to be only slightly affected by neutron fluxes. Currently the use of these Nickel based thermocouples is limited when the temperature exceeds 1000°C due to drift related to phenomena other than nuclear irradiation. High rates of open-circuit failure are also typical. Over the past ten years, three long-term Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR) experiments have been conducted with measured temperatures ranging from 700oC - 1200oC. A variety of standard Type N and specialty thermocouple designs have been used in these experiments with mixed results. A brief summary of thermocouple performance in these experiments is provided. Most recently, out of pile testing has been conducted on a variety of Type N thermocouple designs at the following (nominal) temperatures and durations: 1150oC and 1200oC for 2000 hours at each temperature, followed by 200 hours at 1250oC, and 200 hours at 1300oC. The standard Type N design utilizes high purity crushed MgO insulation and an Inconel 600 sheath. Several variations on the standard Type N design were tested, including Haynes 214 alloy sheath, spinel (MgAl2O4) insulation instead of MgO, a customized sheath developed at the University of Cambridge, and finally a loose assembly thermocouple with hard fired alumina insulation and molybdenum sheath. The most current version of the High Temperature Irradiation Resistant Thermocouple (HTIR-TC) based on molybdenum/niobium alloys, and developed at Idaho National Laboratory, was also tested.
Book Synopsis ERDA Energy Research Abstracts by : United States. Energy Research and Development Administration
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 974 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Calibration of Thermocouples and Thermocouple Materials by : George W. Burns
Download or read book The Calibration of Thermocouples and Thermocouple Materials written by George W. Burns and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976-05 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
