The Wrong Model

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Distributional Effects of Educational Improvements: Are We Using The Wrong Model?

Author : Francois Bourguignon
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Distributional Effects of Educational Improvements: Are We Using The Wrong Model? by : Francois Bourguignon

Download or read book Distributional Effects of Educational Improvements: Are We Using The Wrong Model? written by Francois Bourguignon and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measuring the incidence of public spending in education requires an intergenerational framework distinguishing between what current and future generations - that is, parents and children - give and receive. In standard distributional incidence analysis, households are assumed to receive a benefit equal to what is spent on their children enrolled in the public schooling system and, implicitly, to pay a fee proportional to their income. This paper shows that, in an intergenerational framework, this is equivalent to assuming perfectly altruistic individuals, in the sense of the dynastic model, and perfect capital markets. But in practice, credit markets are imperfect and poor households cannot borrow against the future income of their children. The authors show that under such circumstances, standard distributional incidence analysis may greatly over-estimate the progressivity of public spending in education: educational improvements that are progressive in the long-run steady state may actually be regressive for the current generation of poor adults. This is especially true where service delivery in education is highly inefficient - as it is in poor districts of many developing countries - so that the educational benefits received are relatively low in comparison with the cost of public spending. The results have implications for both policy measures and analytical approaches.

Were You Born on the Wrong Continent?

Author : Thomas Geoghegan
Publisher : The New Press
ISBN 13 : 1595587063
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (955 download)

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Book Synopsis Were You Born on the Wrong Continent? by : Thomas Geoghegan

Download or read book Were You Born on the Wrong Continent? written by Thomas Geoghegan and published by The New Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: politics & government.

The Alignment Problem: Machine Learning and Human Values

Author : Brian Christian
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 039363583X
Total Pages : 459 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (936 download)

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Book Synopsis The Alignment Problem: Machine Learning and Human Values by : Brian Christian

Download or read book The Alignment Problem: Machine Learning and Human Values written by Brian Christian and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A jaw-dropping exploration of everything that goes wrong when we build AI systems and the movement to fix them. Today’s “machine-learning” systems, trained by data, are so effective that we’ve invited them to see and hear for us—and to make decisions on our behalf. But alarm bells are ringing. Recent years have seen an eruption of concern as the field of machine learning advances. When the systems we attempt to teach will not, in the end, do what we want or what we expect, ethical and potentially existential risks emerge. Researchers call this the alignment problem. Systems cull résumés until, years later, we discover that they have inherent gender biases. Algorithms decide bail and parole—and appear to assess Black and White defendants differently. We can no longer assume that our mortgage application, or even our medical tests, will be seen by human eyes. And as autonomous vehicles share our streets, we are increasingly putting our lives in their hands. The mathematical and computational models driving these changes range in complexity from something that can fit on a spreadsheet to a complex system that might credibly be called “artificial intelligence.” They are steadily replacing both human judgment and explicitly programmed software. In best-selling author Brian Christian’s riveting account, we meet the alignment problem’s “first-responders,” and learn their ambitious plan to solve it before our hands are completely off the wheel. In a masterful blend of history and on-the ground reporting, Christian traces the explosive growth in the field of machine learning and surveys its current, sprawling frontier. Readers encounter a discipline finding its legs amid exhilarating and sometimes terrifying progress. Whether they—and we—succeed or fail in solving the alignment problem will be a defining human story. The Alignment Problem offers an unflinching reckoning with humanity’s biases and blind spots, our own unstated assumptions and often contradictory goals. A dazzlingly interdisciplinary work, it takes a hard look not only at our technology but at our culture—and finds a story by turns harrowing and hopeful.

R for Data Science

Author : Hadley Wickham
Publisher : "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
ISBN 13 : 1491910364
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (919 download)

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Book Synopsis R for Data Science by : Hadley Wickham

Download or read book R for Data Science written by Hadley Wickham and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2016-12-12 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn how to use R to turn raw data into insight, knowledge, and understanding. This book introduces you to R, RStudio, and the tidyverse, a collection of R packages designed to work together to make data science fast, fluent, and fun. Suitable for readers with no previous programming experience, R for Data Science is designed to get you doing data science as quickly as possible. Authors Hadley Wickham and Garrett Grolemund guide you through the steps of importing, wrangling, exploring, and modeling your data and communicating the results. You'll get a complete, big-picture understanding of the data science cycle, along with basic tools you need to manage the details. Each section of the book is paired with exercises to help you practice what you've learned along the way. You'll learn how to: Wrangle—transform your datasets into a form convenient for analysis Program—learn powerful R tools for solving data problems with greater clarity and ease Explore—examine your data, generate hypotheses, and quickly test them Model—provide a low-dimensional summary that captures true "signals" in your dataset Communicate—learn R Markdown for integrating prose, code, and results

Wrong

Author : Diarmuid Hester
Publisher : University of Iowa Press
ISBN 13 : 1609386914
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Wrong by : Diarmuid Hester

Download or read book Wrong written by Diarmuid Hester and published by University of Iowa Press. This book was released on 2020-06-01 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dennis Cooper is one of the most inventive and prolific artists of our time. Working in a variety of forms and media since he first exploded onto the scene in the early 1970s, he has been a punk poet, a queercore novelist, a transgressive blogger, an indie filmmaker—each successive incarnation more ingenious and surprising than the last. Cooper’s unflinching determination to probe the obscure, often violent recesses of the human psyche have seen him compared with literary outlaws like Rimbaud, Genet, and the Marquis de Sade. In this, the first book-length study of Cooper’s life and work, Diarmuid Hester shows that such comparisons hardly scratch the surface. A lively retrospective appraisal of Cooper’s fifty-year career, Wrong tracks the emergence of Cooper’s singular style alongside his participation in a number of American subcultural movements like New York School poetry, punk rock, and radical queercore music and zines. Using extensive archival research, close readings of texts, and new interviews with Cooper and his contemporaries, Hester weaves a complex and often thrilling biographical narrative that attests to Cooper’s status as a leading figure of the American post–War avant-garde.

The SAGE Handbook of Advertising

Author : Gerard J Tellis
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1446265900
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (462 download)

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Book Synopsis The SAGE Handbook of Advertising by : Gerard J Tellis

Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Advertising written by Gerard J Tellis and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2007-10-24 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ′In this era of ′snackable′ content which satisfies only in the moment, it′s great to have a comprehensive Advertising Handbook which one can consult repeatedly. The references are comprehensive and the Handbook opens up many key areas for practitioners′ - Hamish Pringle, Director General, IPA ′Finally, a Handbook of Advertising that brings the field up-to-date. I am impressed with its comprehensive coverage of topics and the distinguished specialists who have shared their key findings with us′ - Philip Kotler, Kellogg School of Management ′When trying to make sense of the mystifying world of advertising, academics and practitioners often seem to inhabit separate universes. Not in this Handbook. For once, the best brains from each side genuinely collude – with constructive results. Wise agencies will read it before their clients do′ - Sir Martin Sorrell, CEO, WPP ′This mighty tome brings together a vast range of views of advertising based on deep experience and scholarship. For practitioners and academics alike, it will be a voyage of discovery and enlightenment′ - Lord (Maurice) Saatchi, Chairman, M&C Saatchi ′This magnificent volume captures all we need to know about how advertising works and its context′ - Baroness (Peta) Buscombe, Director General, Advertising Association, London Advertising is a field that has attracted a great deal of academic attention, but to date there has been no summarising of the state of the art of research. This far reaching and scholarly Handbook is edited by two highly respected and trusted thinkers in the field and includes contributions from leading academics based in both the UK and the USA. Tim Ambler and Gerald J Tellis archive their aim of setting advertising and the theory that underpins it in its historical and societal context, show-casing the most significant advertising research questions of our time and pointing readers in the direction of future avenues for fruitful investigation. The SAGE Handbook of Advertising would be a welcome addition to any marketing academics bookshelf.

Interpretable Machine Learning

Author : Christoph Molnar
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 0244768528
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (447 download)

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Book Synopsis Interpretable Machine Learning by : Christoph Molnar

Download or read book Interpretable Machine Learning written by Christoph Molnar and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2020 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about making machine learning models and their decisions interpretable. After exploring the concepts of interpretability, you will learn about simple, interpretable models such as decision trees, decision rules and linear regression. Later chapters focus on general model-agnostic methods for interpreting black box models like feature importance and accumulated local effects and explaining individual predictions with Shapley values and LIME. All interpretation methods are explained in depth and discussed critically. How do they work under the hood? What are their strengths and weaknesses? How can their outputs be interpreted? This book will enable you to select and correctly apply the interpretation method that is most suitable for your machine learning project.

Cognitive Pluralism

Author : Steven Horst
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262552612
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Pluralism by : Steven Horst

Download or read book Cognitive Pluralism written by Steven Horst and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2024-07-02 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An argument that we understand the world through many special-purpose mental models of different content domains, and an exploration of the philosophical implications. Philosophers have traditionally assumed that the basic units of knowledge and understanding are concepts, beliefs, and argumentative inferences. In Cognitive Pluralism, Steven Horst proposes that another sort of unit—a mental model of a content domain—is the fundamental unit of understanding. He argues that understanding comes not in word-sized concepts, sentence-sized beliefs, or argument-sized reasoning but in the form of idealized models and in domain-sized chunks. He argues further that this idea of “cognitive pluralism”—the claim that we understand the world through many such models of a variety of content domains—sheds light on a number of problems in philosophy. Horst first presents the “standard view” of cognitive architecture assumed in mainstream epistemology, semantics, truth theory, and theory of reasoning. He then explains the notion of a mental model as an internal surrogate that mirrors features of its target domain, and puts it in the context of ideas in psychology, philosophy of science, artificial intelligence, and theoretical cognitive science. Finally, he argues that the cognitive pluralist view not only helps to explain puzzling disunities of knowledge but also raises doubts about the feasibility of attempts to “unify” the sciences; presents a model-based account of intuitive judgments; and contends that cognitive pluralism favors a reliabilist epistemology and a “molecularist” semantics. Horst suggests that cognitive pluralism allows us to view rival epistemological and semantic theories not as direct competitors but as complementary accounts, each an idealized model of different dimensions of evaluation.

Life

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 642 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Life by :

Download or read book Life written by and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Insurance Law Journal

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1212 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Insurance Law Journal by :

Download or read book The Insurance Law Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 1212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reports of all decisions rendered in insurance cases in the federal courts, and in the state courts of last resort.

Data Analysis with R, Second Edition

Author : Anthony Fischetti
Publisher : Packt Publishing Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1788397339
Total Pages : 555 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (883 download)

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Book Synopsis Data Analysis with R, Second Edition by : Anthony Fischetti

Download or read book Data Analysis with R, Second Edition written by Anthony Fischetti and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2018-03-28 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn, by example, the fundamentals of data analysis as well as several intermediate to advanced methods and techniques ranging from classification and regression to Bayesian methods and MCMC, which can be put to immediate use. Key Features Analyze your data using R – the most powerful statistical programming language Learn how to implement applied statistics using practical use-cases Use popular R packages to work with unstructured and structured data Book Description Frequently the tool of choice for academics, R has spread deep into the private sector and can be found in the production pipelines at some of the most advanced and successful enterprises. The power and domain-specificity of R allows the user to express complex analytics easily, quickly, and succinctly. Starting with the basics of R and statistical reasoning, this book dives into advanced predictive analytics, showing how to apply those techniques to real-world data though with real-world examples. Packed with engaging problems and exercises, this book begins with a review of R and its syntax with packages like Rcpp, ggplot2, and dplyr. From there, get to grips with the fundamentals of applied statistics and build on this knowledge to perform sophisticated and powerful analytics. Solve the difficulties relating to performing data analysis in practice and find solutions to working with messy data, large data, communicating results, and facilitating reproducibility. This book is engineered to be an invaluable resource through many stages of anyone’s career as a data analyst. What you will learn Gain a thorough understanding of statistical reasoning and sampling theory Employ hypothesis testing to draw inferences from your data Learn Bayesian methods for estimating parameters Train regression, classification, and time series models Handle missing data gracefully using multiple imputation Identify and manage problematic data points Learn how to scale your analyses to larger data with Rcpp, data.table, dplyr, and parallelization Put best practices into effect to make your job easier and facilitate reproducibility Who this book is for Budding data scientists and data analysts who are new to the concept of data analysis, or who want to build efficient analytical models in R will find this book to be useful. No prior exposure to data analysis is needed, although a fundamental understanding of the R programming language is required to get the best out of this book.

Econometric Methods with Applications in Business and Economics

Author : Christiaan Heij
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191533238
Total Pages : 816 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Econometric Methods with Applications in Business and Economics by : Christiaan Heij

Download or read book Econometric Methods with Applications in Business and Economics written by Christiaan Heij and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2004-03-25 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nowadays applied work in business and economics requires a solid understanding of econometric methods to support decision-making. Combining a solid exposition of econometric methods with an application-oriented approach, this rigorous textbook provides students with a working understanding and hands-on experience of current econometrics. Taking a 'learning by doing' approach, it covers basic econometric methods (statistics, simple and multiple regression, nonlinear regression, maximum likelihood, and generalized method of moments), and addresses the creative process of model building with due attention to diagnostic testing and model improvement. Its last part is devoted to two major application areas: the econometrics of choice data (logit and probit, multinomial and ordered choice, truncated and censored data, and duration data) and the econometrics of time series data (univariate time series, trends, volatility, vector autoregressions, and a brief discussion of SUR models, panel data, and simultaneous equations). · Real-world text examples and practical exercise questions stimulate active learning and show how econometrics can solve practical questions in modern business and economic management. · Focuses on the core of econometrics, regression, and covers two major advanced topics, choice data with applications in marketing and micro-economics, and time series data with applications in finance and macro-economics. · Learning-support features include concise, manageable sections of text, frequent cross-references to related and background material, summaries, computational schemes, keyword lists, suggested further reading, exercise sets, and online data sets and solutions. · Derivations and theory exercises are clearly marked for students in advanced courses. This textbook is perfect for advanced undergraduate students, new graduate students, and applied researchers in econometrics, business, and economics, and for researchers in other fields that draw on modern applied econometrics.

Advances in Artificial Life

Author : Mathieu Capcarrere
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 354031816X
Total Pages : 966 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Artificial Life by : Mathieu Capcarrere

Download or read book Advances in Artificial Life written by Mathieu Capcarrere and published by Springer. This book was released on 2005-09-19 with total page 966 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TheArti?cialLifetermappearedmorethan20yearsagoinasmallcornerofNew Mexico, USA. Since then the area has developed dramatically, many researchers joining enthusiastically and research groups sprouting everywhere. This frenetic activity led to the emergence of several strands that are now established ?elds in themselves. We are now reaching a stage that one may describe as maturer: with more rigour, more benchmarks, more results, more stringent acceptance criteria, more applications, in brief, more sound science. This, which is the n- ural path of all new areas, comes at a price, however. A certain enthusiasm, a certain adventurousness from the early years is fading and may have been lost on the way. The ?eld has become more reasonable. To counterbalance this and to encourage lively discussions, a conceptual track, where papers were judged on criteria like importance and/or novelty of the concepts proposed rather than the experimental/theoretical results, has been introduced this year. A conference on a theme as broad as Arti?cial Life is bound to be very - verse,but a few tendencies emerged. First, ?elds like ‘Robotics and Autonomous Agents’ or ‘Evolutionary Computation’ are still extremely active and keep on bringing a wealth of results to the A-Life community. Even there, however, new tendencies appear, like collective robotics, and more speci?cally self-assembling robotics, which represent now a large subsection. Second, new areas appear.

True Profit Business

Author : Karen Skidmore
Publisher : Practical Inspiration Publishing
ISBN 13 : 178860086X
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (886 download)

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Book Synopsis True Profit Business by : Karen Skidmore

Download or read book True Profit Business written by Karen Skidmore and published by Practical Inspiration Publishing. This book was released on 2019-09-26 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *SHORT-LISTED FOR THE BUSINESS BOOK AWARDS 2020!* We need to change the way we do business. If you’ve decided to go it alone and grow your own business, you’re probably finding it tough to make things work. The pace of life is getting faster, our benchmarks for success ever higher, and thousands of micro-business owners are facing entrepreneurial burnout, trying to cover up their stress and exhaustion with ‘love-my-life’ smiles and filtered images on social media. It’s not just the cashflow that needs fixing: your mental health and well-being are at stake here. If you are ready to make money, make an impact and thrive in the process, True Profit Business gives you a simpler, more connected path to business success: · Clarity – understand what your bigger vision of success looks like and how business growth really works · Structure – get clear on the five Growth Pillars to ensure sustainable growth · Flow – discover when to Lean Back and when to Lean In to enable an effective energy flow between thinking, planning and taking action · Process – discover which of the five True Profit Business Models will enable you to thrive. True Profit Business not only helps you diagnose what’s going wrong for you, it focuses you on your bigger game and shows you the building blocks – the processes and people – you need to turn your expertise and talents into a purposeful, playful and profitable business.

Handbook of Environmental and Ecological Statistics

Author : Alan E. Gelfand
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351648543
Total Pages : 679 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Environmental and Ecological Statistics by : Alan E. Gelfand

Download or read book Handbook of Environmental and Ecological Statistics written by Alan E. Gelfand and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 679 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook focuses on the enormous literature applying statistical methodology and modelling to environmental and ecological processes. The 21st century statistics community has become increasingly interdisciplinary, bringing a large collection of modern tools to all areas of application in environmental processes. In addition, the environmental community has substantially increased its scope of data collection including observational data, satellite-derived data, and computer model output. The resultant impact in this latter community has been substantial; no longer are simple regression and analysis of variance methods adequate. The contribution of this handbook is to assemble a state-of-the-art view of this interface. Features: An internationally regarded editorial team. A distinguished collection of contributors. A thoroughly contemporary treatment of a substantial interdisciplinary interface. Written to engage both statisticians as well as quantitative environmental researchers. 34 chapters covering methodology, ecological processes, environmental exposure, and statistical methods in climate science.

Defense Infrastructure

Author : Brian J. Lepore
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437904386
Total Pages : 69 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Defense Infrastructure by : Brian J. Lepore

Download or read book Defense Infrastructure written by Brian J. Lepore and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-07 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DoD manages and operates 577,000 structures worldwide, valued at about $712 billion. DoD has worked for several years to develop models that can reliably estimate the installation support funds needed to sustain these facilities, and plans to spend over $55 billion to support these facilities and operate its bases in FY2008. This report discusses: (1) the reliability of the annual funding estimates produced by the facilities sustainment model; (2) DoD¿s progress in meeting funding goals for facility sustainment and recapitalization; (3) the extent to which DoD has addressed deferred facility sustainment funding needs; and (4) the status of DoD¿s efforts to develop a new installation services model. Includes recommendations. Charts and tables.

Demystifying Climate Models

Author : Andrew Gettelman
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662489597
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (624 download)

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Book Synopsis Demystifying Climate Models by : Andrew Gettelman

Download or read book Demystifying Climate Models written by Andrew Gettelman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-09 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demystifies the models we use to simulate present and future climates, allowing readers to better understand how to use climate model results. In order to predict the future trajectory of the Earth’s climate, climate-system simulation models are necessary. When and how do we trust climate model predictions? The book offers a framework for answering this question. It provides readers with a basic primer on climate and climate change, and offers non-technical explanations for how climate models are constructed, why they are uncertain, and what level of confidence we should place in them. It presents current results and the key uncertainties concerning them. Uncertainty is not a weakness but understanding uncertainty is a strength and a key part of using any model, including climate models. Case studies of how climate model output has been used and how it might be used in the future are provided. The ultimate goal of this book is to promote a better understanding of the structure and uncertainties of climate models among users, including scientists, engineers and policymakers.