The Us Policy Toward Spain During The Truman Administration

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Truman, Franco's Spain, and the Cold War

Author : Wayne H. Bowen
Publisher : University of Missouri Press
ISBN 13 : 0826221173
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (262 download)

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Book Synopsis Truman, Franco's Spain, and the Cold War by : Wayne H. Bowen

Download or read book Truman, Franco's Spain, and the Cold War written by Wayne H. Bowen and published by University of Missouri Press. This book was released on 2017-03-31 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "President Harry S. Truman harbored an abiding disdain for Spain and its government. During his presidency (1945-1953), the State Department and the Department of Defense lobbied Truman to form an alliance with Spain to leverage that nation's geostrategic position, despite Francisco Franco's authoritarian dictatorship. Truman's negative views on Spain developed from his Baptist upbringing and youth during the Spanish-American War and his first term in the US Senate. As a Freemason and Protestant, Truman struggled to overcome his bias against a regime that persecuted those with similar affiliations, and whose politics were set against the liberal democracy, the workers and farmers the "Man from Independence" championed throughout his career. The eventual alliance between the two countries came only after years of argument for such a shift by nearly the entire US diplomatic and military establishment. Truman begrudgingly accepted an agreement with the Spanish government after years of pressure, and with the overarching need for allies during the Cold War. This delay increased the financial cost of the 1953 defense agreements with Spain, undermined US planning for the defense of Europe, and caused dysfunction over foreign policy at the height of the Cold War. Truman never reconciled to this accommodation, continuing to consider Spain, its history, and culture with a mix of apathy and derision. This important book tells the story of Truman's hostility to Spain and its impact on this military, diplomatic, and commercial relationship, the history of the early Cold War, and the extent of presidential leadership in strategic foreign policy shifts."-- Inside jacket flap.

America in the World

Author : Jeffrey A. Engel
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400851459
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis America in the World by : Jeffrey A. Engel

Download or read book America in the World written by Jeffrey A. Engel and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-06 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one-of-a-kind anthology of primary texts in American foreign relations How should America wield its enormous power beyond its borders? Should it adhere to grand principles or act on narrow self-interest? Should it partner with other nations or avoid entangling alliances? Americans have been grappling with questions like these throughout the nation's history, and especially since the emergence of the United States as a major world power in the late nineteenth century. America in the World illuminates this history by capturing the diverse voices and viewpoints of some of the most colorful and eloquent people who participated in these momentous debates. Spanning the era from the Gilded Age to the Obama years, this unique reader collects more than two hundred documents—everything from presidential addresses and diplomatic cables to political cartoons and song lyrics. It encompasses various phases of American diplomatic history that are typically treated separately, such as the First World War, the Cold War, and 9/11. The book presents the perspectives of elite policymakers—presidents, secretaries of state, generals, and diplomats—alongside those of other kinds of Americans, such as newspaper columnists, clergymen, songwriters, poets, and novelists. It also features numerous documents from other countries, illustrating how foreigners viewed America’s role in the world. Ideal for classroom use, America in the World sheds light on the complex interplay of political, economic, ideological, and cultural factors underlying the exercise of American power on the global stage. Includes more than two hundred documents from the late nineteenth century to today Looks at everything from presidential addresses to political cartoons and song lyrics Presents diverse perspectives, from elite policymakers to clergymen and novelists Features documents from outside the United States, illustrating how people in other countries viewed America’s role in the world

Truman, Franco's Spain, and the Cold War

Author : Wayne H. Bowen
Publisher : University of Missouri Press
ISBN 13 : 082627384X
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (262 download)

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Book Synopsis Truman, Franco's Spain, and the Cold War by : Wayne H. Bowen

Download or read book Truman, Franco's Spain, and the Cold War written by Wayne H. Bowen and published by University of Missouri Press. This book was released on 2017-04-30 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Well-deployed primary sources and brisk writing by Wayne H. Bowen make this an excellent framework for understanding the evolution of U.S. policy toward Spain, and thus how a nation facing a global threat develops strategic relationships over time. President Harry S. Truman harbored an abiding disdain for Spain and its government. During his presidency (1945–1953), the State Department and the Department of Defense lobbied Truman to form an alliance with Spain to leverage that nation’s geostrategic position, despite Francisco Franco’s authoritarian dictatorship. The eventual alliance between the two countries came only after years of argument for such a shift by nearly the entire U.S. diplomatic and military establishment. This delay increased the financial cost of the 1953 defense agreements with Spain, undermined U.S. planning for the defense of Europe, and caused dysfunction over foreign policy at the height of the Cold War.

Human Rights in American Foreign Policy

Author : Joe Renouard
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812292154
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Rights in American Foreign Policy by : Joe Renouard

Download or read book Human Rights in American Foreign Policy written by Joe Renouard and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2015-10-29 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International human rights issues perpetually highlight the tension between political interest and idealism. Over the last fifty years, the United States has labored to find an appropriate response to each new human rights crisis, balancing national and global interests as well as political and humanitarian impulses. Human Rights in American Foreign Policy explores America's international human rights policies from the Vietnam War era to the end of the Cold War. Global in scope and ambitious in scale, this book examines American responses to a broad array of human rights violations: torture and political imprisonment in South America; apartheid in South Africa; state violence in China; civil wars in Central America; persecution of Jews in the Soviet Union; movements for democracy and civil liberties in East Asia and Eastern Europe; and revolutionary political transitions in Iran, Nicaragua, and the collapsing USSR. Joe Renouard challenges the characterization of American human rights policymaking as one of inaction, hypocrisy, and double standards. Arguing that a consistent standard is impractical, he explores how policymakers and citizens have weighed the narrow pursuit of traditional national interests with the desire to promote human rights. Human Rights in American Foreign Policy renders coherent a series of disparate foreign policy decisions during a tumultuous time in world history. Ultimately the United States emerges as neither exceptionally compassionate nor unusually wicked. Rather, it is a nation that manages by turns to be cautiously pragmatic, boldly benevolent, and coldly self-interested.

Remembering George Kennan

Author : Melvyn P. Leffler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Remembering George Kennan by : Melvyn P. Leffler

Download or read book Remembering George Kennan written by Melvyn P. Leffler and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: George F. Kennan, the father of containment, was a rather obscure and frustrated foreign service officer at the U.S. embassy in Moscow when his "Long Telegram" of February 1946 gained the attention of policymakers in Washington and transformed his career. What is Kennan's legacy and the implications of his thinking for the contemporary era? Is it possible to reconcile Kennan's legacy with the newfound emphasis on a "democratic peace?"

Spain and the American Civil War

Author : Wayne H. Bowen
Publisher : University of Missouri Press
ISBN 13 : 0826272584
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (262 download)

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Book Synopsis Spain and the American Civil War by : Wayne H. Bowen

Download or read book Spain and the American Civil War written by Wayne H. Bowen and published by University of Missouri Press. This book was released on 2011-11-01 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the mid-1800s, Spain experienced economic growth, political stabilization, and military revival, and the country began to sense that it again could be a great global power. In addition to its desire for international glory, Spain also was the only European country that continued to use slaves on plantations in Spanish-controlled Cuba and Puerto Rico. Historically, Spain never had close ties to Washington, D.C., and Spain’s hard feelings increased as it lost Latin America to the United States in independence movements. Clearly, Spain shared many of the same feelings as the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War, and it found itself in a unique position to aid the Confederacy since its territories lay so close to the South. Diplomats on both sides, in fact, declared them “natural allies.” Yet, paradoxically, a close relationship between Spain and the Confederacy was never forged. In Spain and the American Civil War, Wayne H. Bowen presents the first comprehensive look at relations between Spain and the two antagonists of the American Civil War. Using Spanish, United States and Confederate sources, Bowen provides multiple perspectives of critical events during the Civil War, including Confederate attempts to bring Spain and other European nations, particularly France and Great Britain, into the war; reactions to those attempts; and Spain’s revived imperial fortunes in Africa and the Caribbean as it tried to regain its status as a global power. Likewise, he documents Spain’s relationship with Great Britain and France; Spanish thoughts of intervention, either with the help of Great Britain and France or alone; and Spanish receptiveness to the Confederate cause, including the support of Prime Minister Leopoldo O’Donnell. Bowen’s in-depth study reveals how the situations, personalities, and histories of both Spain and the Confederacy kept both parties from establishing a closer relationship, which might have provided critical international diplomatic support for the Confederate States of America and a means through which Spain could exact revenge on the United States of America.

Making American Foreign Policy

Author : Philip J. Briggs
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780847679461
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (794 download)

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Book Synopsis Making American Foreign Policy by : Philip J. Briggs

Download or read book Making American Foreign Policy written by Philip J. Briggs and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 1994 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text explores the struggle between the President and Congress to shape US foreign policy from World War II, through Vietnam, Operation Desert Storm, to the Clinton Administration's policy in Somalia. Case studies are included.

United States Policy Toward Dictatorship and Democracy in Spain, 1936-1953

Author : Juan Dura
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 764 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis United States Policy Toward Dictatorship and Democracy in Spain, 1936-1953 by : Juan Dura

Download or read book United States Policy Toward Dictatorship and Democracy in Spain, 1936-1953 written by Juan Dura and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Cambridge History of America and the World: Volume 4, 1945 to the Present

Author : David C. Engerman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108317855
Total Pages : 903 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (83 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge History of America and the World: Volume 4, 1945 to the Present by : David C. Engerman

Download or read book The Cambridge History of America and the World: Volume 4, 1945 to the Present written by David C. Engerman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-03-03 with total page 903 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourth volume of The Cambridge History of America and the World examines the heights of American global power in the mid-twentieth century and how challenges from at home and abroad altered the United States and its role in the world. The second half of the twentieth century marked the pinnacle of American global power in economic, political, and cultural terms, but even as it reached such heights, the United States quickly faced new challenges to its power, originating both domestically and internationally. Highlighting cutting-edge ideas from scholars from all over the world, this volume anatomizes American power as well as the counters and alternatives to 'the American empire.' Topics include US economic and military power, American culture overseas, human rights and humanitarianism, third-world internationalism, immigration, communications technology, and the Anthropocene.

The Franco Regime, 1936–1975

Author : Stanley G. Payne
Publisher : University of Wisconsin Pres
ISBN 13 : 0299110737
Total Pages : 698 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (991 download)

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Book Synopsis The Franco Regime, 1936–1975 by : Stanley G. Payne

Download or read book The Franco Regime, 1936–1975 written by Stanley G. Payne and published by University of Wisconsin Pres. This book was released on 2011-09-27 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of modern Spain is dominated by the figure of Francisco Franco, who presided over one of the longest authoritarian regimes of the twentieth century. Between 1936 and the end of the regime in 1975, Franco’s Spain passed through several distinct phases of political, institutional, and economic development, moving from the original semi-fascist regime of 1936–45 to become the Catholic corporatist “organic democracy” under the monarchy from 1945 to 1957. Distinguished historian Stanley G. Payne offers deep insight into the career of this complex and formidable figure and the enormous changes that shaped Spanish history during his regime.

Unexpected Prosperity

Author : Oscar Calvo-Gonzalez
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019259575X
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Unexpected Prosperity by : Oscar Calvo-Gonzalez

Download or read book Unexpected Prosperity written by Oscar Calvo-Gonzalez and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-16 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Only a handful of economies have successfully transitioned from middle to high income in recent decades. One such case is Spain. How did it achieve this feat? Despite its relevance to countries that have yet to complete that transition, this question has attracted only limited attention. As a result, Spain's development into a prosperous society is a largely under-reported and often misunderstood success story. Unexpected Propserity takes a different look at the questions that usually frame the debate about Spain's economic development. Instead of asking why Spain's catching up was delayed, Calvo-Gonzalez asks how it happened in the first place; instead of focusing on how bad institutions undermined economic prospects, as the literature has done, he explains how growth took place even in the presence of poor institutions. This wider view opens new perspectives on Spain's development path. For example, comparisons are drawn not only with the richest countries but also with those that were in a similar stage of development as Spain. Drawing on a wide range of material, from archival sources to text analytics, the book provides a new account of why reforms were adopted, the role of external and internal factors, as well as that of unintended consequences. The result is an original interpretation of the economic rise of Spain that speaks also to the wider literature on the political economy of reform, the role of industrial and public policy more broadly, and the enduring legacy of political violence and conflict.

The Marshall Plan Lessons Learned for the 21st Century

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264044256
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis The Marshall Plan Lessons Learned for the 21st Century by : OECD

Download or read book The Marshall Plan Lessons Learned for the 21st Century written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2008-09-15 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the historical, diplomatic, economic, and strategic aspects of the European Recovery Program (ERP) - popularly known as the Marshall Plan.

Beneath the United States

Author : Lars Schoultz
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674043282
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (432 download)

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Book Synopsis Beneath the United States by : Lars Schoultz

Download or read book Beneath the United States written by Lars Schoultz and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1998-06-15 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this sweeping history of United States policy toward Latin America, Lars Schoultz shows that the United States has always perceived Latin America as a fundamentally inferior neighbor, unable to manage its affairs and stubbornly underdeveloped. This perception of inferiority was apparent from the beginning. John Quincy Adams, who first established diplomatic relations with Latin America, believed that Hispanics were lazy, dirty, nasty...a parcel of hogs. In the early nineteenth century, ex-President John Adams declared that any effort to implant democracy in Latin America was as absurd as similar plans would be to establish democracies among the birds, beasts, and fishes. Drawing on extraordinarily rich archival sources, Schoultz, one of the country's foremost Latin America scholars, shows how these core beliefs have not changed for two centuries. We have combined self-interest with a civilizing mission--a self-abnegating effort by a superior people to help a substandard civilization overcome its defects. William Howard Taft felt the way to accomplish this task was to knock their heads together until they should maintain peace, while in 1959 CIA Director Allen Dulles warned that the new Cuban officials had to be treated more or less like children. Schoultz shows that the policies pursued reflected these deeply held convictions. While political correctness censors the expression of such sentiments today, the actions of the United States continue to assume the political and cultural inferiority of Latin America. Schoultz demonstrates that not until the United States perceives its southern neighbors as equals can it anticipate a constructive hemispheric alliance.

America's Role in Nation-Building

Author : James Dobbins
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 : 0833034863
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis America's Role in Nation-Building by : James Dobbins

Download or read book America's Role in Nation-Building written by James Dobbins and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2003-08-01 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The post-World War II occupations of Germany and Japan set standards for postconflict nation-building that have not since been matched. Only in recent years has the United States has felt the need to participate in similar transformations, but it is now facing one of the most challenging prospects since the 1940s: Iraq. The authors review seven case studies--Germany, Japan, Somalia, Haiti, Bosnia, Kosovo, and Afghanistan--and seek lessons about what worked well and what did not. Then, they examine the Iraq situation in light of these lessons. Success in Iraq will require an extensive commitment of financial, military, and political resources for a long time. The United States cannot afford to contemplate early exit strategies and cannot afford to leave the job half completed.

Spanish-Italian Relations and the Influence of the Major Powers, 1943-1957

Author : Pablo Del Hierro Lecea
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137448687
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (374 download)

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Book Synopsis Spanish-Italian Relations and the Influence of the Major Powers, 1943-1957 by : Pablo Del Hierro Lecea

Download or read book Spanish-Italian Relations and the Influence of the Major Powers, 1943-1957 written by Pablo Del Hierro Lecea and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-03 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spanish-Italian Relations and the Influence of the Major Powers examines complex relations between Spain and Italy, beginning in 1943 and continuing until 1957, contending that the relationship cannot be examined in isolation and must be understood in its broader context.

History of the Unified Command Plan

Author : Edward J. Drea
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis History of the Unified Command Plan by : Edward J. Drea

Download or read book History of the Unified Command Plan written by Edward J. Drea and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

U.S. Foreign Policy and National Security

Author : Robert T. Davis II
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313383863
Total Pages : 869 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis U.S. Foreign Policy and National Security by : Robert T. Davis II

Download or read book U.S. Foreign Policy and National Security written by Robert T. Davis II and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2010-04-09 with total page 869 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive guide provides an in-depth, chronological overview of issues and policy processes related to U.S. foreign, military, and national security policy during the 20th century. U.S. Foreign Policy and National Security: Chronology and Index for the 20th Century provides a unique compilation of data never before combined in a single volume. Key events and policy meetings are arranged in order by presidential administration, from the McKinley administration to that of President Obama. Each section begins with a concise list of policymakers, including Cabinet-level officials, members of the National Security Council, and senior ranks of the Department of State and Department of Defense, supplemented with bibliographic data. The bulk of each chapter is comprised of detailed lists of meetings of the president of the United States with key advisors and foreign dignitaries. These meetings include international conferences, meetings between the president and foreign leaders, meetings of the joint chiefs of staff in World War II, and meetings of the National Security Council since its creation in 1947. This unprecedented guide will be invaluable to researchers and, indeed, to anyone interested in the decisions that determined the course of U.S. history.