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Author : J. G. Colborn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book The Thermal Structure of the Indian Ocean written by J. G. Colborn and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Honolulu : University Press of Hawaii, [1975].
Author : Joseph Grinnell Colborn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (163 download)
Download or read book The Thermal Structure of the Indian Ocean written by Joseph Grinnell Colborn and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : J. G. Colborn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Thermal Structure Dynamics in the Upper 500 Meters of the Indian Ocean written by J. G. Colborn and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Indian Ocean Expedition (1960-65) has for the first time provided a sufficiently complete data set to support an investigation of the oceanographic and climatic seasonal influence on Indian Ocean thermal structure in the upper 500 m and north of 40 degrees S lat. Analysis of 23,847 bathythermograph and Nansen Cast measurements form the basis for a division of the Indian Ocean into 32 separate Primary Areas with distinct thermal features. The basic thermal parameters considered in the analysis and depicted graphically in this report include mixed-layer depth, maximum thermal gradient, five parameters of the permanent thermocline, and 2C-interval isotherm depths to 500 m. The thermal structure within each oceanographic region is qualitatively evaluated in terms of the relative effects of net surface heat exchange, heat advection, and circulation dynamics. (Author).
Author : R. Krishnan
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811543275
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)
Download or read book Assessment of Climate Change over the Indian Region written by R. Krishnan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-12 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book discusses the impact of human-induced global climate change on the regional climate and monsoons of the Indian subcontinent, adjoining Indian Ocean and the Himalayas. It documents the regional climate change projections based on the climate models used in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) and climate change modeling studies using the IITM Earth System Model (ESM) and CORDEX South Asia datasets. The IPCC assessment reports, published every 6–7 years, constitute important reference materials for major policy decisions on climate change, adaptation, and mitigation. While the IPCC assessment reports largely provide a global perspective on climate change, the focus on regional climate change aspects is considerably limited. The effects of climate change over the Indian subcontinent involve complex physical processes on different space and time scales, especially given that the mean climate of this region is generally shaped by the Indian monsoon and the unique high-elevation geographical features such as the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Tibetan Plateau and the adjoining Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and Bay of Bengal. This book also presents policy relevant information based on robust scientific analysis and assessments of the observed and projected future climate change over the Indian region.
Author : John G. Bruce
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Variations in the Thermal Structure and Wind Field Occurring in the Western Indian Ocean During the Monsoons written by John G. Bruce and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The changes occurring in the temperature field in the Somali Basin and off the Arabian coast have been monitored from October 1975 through December 1979 by a time series of temperature sections obtained along the tanker sea lane offshore between 2 S and 22 N. The development and decay of the large eddy (up to roughly 600 km in diameter) in the northern Somali Basin and its smaller associated eddies were observed each southwest monsoon. Strong horizontal thermal gradients particularly in the upper 200 m occur at the eddy boundaries, and currents in this region can attain velocities of up to 7 knots. Monthly wind stress contoured for the western Indian Ocean clearly shows the southwest monsoon from May through September (with values over 4 dynes/sq. cm during July) to be considerably stronger than the northeast monsoon with a maximum in January. Maps of wind stress curl during the southwest monsoon show a large region of negative curl (over -4 x 10 to the-8th dynes/cc) to the northeast off the somali coast, whereas a region of a high positive curl occurs off the Arabian peninsula and in a small band off the Somali east coast north of 5 N. Sverdrup mass transports of up to 40 x 10 to the -12th g/sec to the north off the Somali coast are in rough agreement with observed values. (Author).
Author : United States. Hydrographic Office
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Effects of Weather Upon the Thermal Structure of the Ocean written by United States. Hydrographic Office and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An investigation was made of the meteorological factors which a ffect the thermal structure of the ocean, and an attempt was made to develop techniques for predicting this structure. A prediction technique is proposed which is based on relationships giving the magnitude of the effects of radiation, evaporation and molecular conduction, convection, and turbulent mixing on the thermal structure. A sample prediction showed promise, but the data indicated that an accurate and operationally useful prediction method required a consideration of the internal waves which produce vertical motion. This factor was investigated for a 2-layer system and for a model in which the density was a continuous function of depth. The main considerations in the first model were seasonal and monthly variations, semidiurnal and diurnal tidal variations, short period variations, and random variations, Study of semidiurnal and diurnal tidal variations led to an empirical formula giving the amplitudes of oscillation in one area as a function of the thickness and density discontinuity of the 2-layer system. Where the data were adequate for a forecast, the formula predicted amplitudes with a fair degree of accuracy. Methods were also developed for predicting the internal oscillations of the continuous density model. A sample prediction showed good agreement at the greater depths; however, discrepancies occurred near the surface.
Author : J. G. Colborn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book The Thermal Structure of the Indian Ocean written by J. G. Colborn and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Honolulu : University Press of Hawaii, [1975].
Author : Robert M. Haberle
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110817938X
Total Pages : 613 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (81 download)
Download or read book The Atmosphere and Climate of Mars written by Robert M. Haberle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-29 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humanity has long been fascinated by the planet Mars. Was its climate ever conducive to life? What is the atmosphere like today and why did it change so dramatically over time? Eleven spacecraft have successfully flown to Mars since the Viking mission of the 1970s and early 1980s. These orbiters, landers and rovers have generated vast amounts of data that now span a Martian decade (roughly eighteen years). This new volume brings together the many new ideas about the atmosphere and climate system that have emerged, including the complex interplay of the volatile and dust cycles, the atmosphere-surface interactions that connect them over time, and the diversity of the planet's environment and its complex history. Including tutorials and explanations of complicated ideas, students, researchers and non-specialists alike are able to use this resource to gain a thorough and up-to-date understanding of this most Earth-like of planetary neighbours.
Author : David G. Andrews
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080954677
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Middle Atmosphere Dynamics written by David G. Andrews and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-07-21 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in atmospheric, oceanic, and climate science, Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics is an introductory textbook on the circulations of the atmosphere and ocean and their interaction, with an emphasis on global scales. It will give students a good grasp of what the atmosphere and oceans look like on the large-scale and why they look that way. The role of the oceans in climate and paleoclimate is also discussed. The combination of observations, theory and accompanying illustrative laboratory experiments sets this text apart by making it accessible to students with no prior training in meteorology or oceanography. * Written at a mathematical level that is appealing for undergraduates and beginning graduate students * Provides a useful educational tool through a combination of observations and laboratory demonstrations which can be viewed over the web * Contains instructions on how to reproduce the simple but informative laboratory experiments * Includes copious problems (with sample answers) to help students learn the material.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309444640
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-07-22 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many factors contribute to variability in Earth's climate on a range of timescales, from seasons to decades. Natural climate variability arises from two different sources: (1) internal variability from interactions among components of the climate system, for example, between the ocean and the atmosphere, and (2) natural external forcings, such as variations in the amount of radiation from the Sun. External forcings on the climate system also arise from some human activities, such as the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and aerosols. The climate that we experience is a combination of all of these factors. Understanding climate variability on the decadal timescale is important to decision-making. Planners and policy makers want information about decadal variability in order to make decisions in a range of sectors, including for infrastructure, water resources, agriculture, and energy. In September 2015, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to examine variability in Earth's climate on decadal timescales, defined as 10 to 30 years. During the workshop, ocean and climate scientists reviewed the state of the science of decadal climate variability and its relationship to rates of human-caused global warming, and they explored opportunities for improvement in modeling and observations and assessing knowledge gaps. Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Author : Margaret King Robinson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (224 download)
Download or read book Atlas of North Atlantic-Indian Ocean Monthly Mean Temperatures and Mean Salinities of the Surface Layer written by Margaret King Robinson and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temperature structure in the North Atlantic and Indian Oceans is presented in monthly mean charts at 100-ft (30-m) depths, surface to 492 ft (150 m). These charts were constructed from bathythermograph (BT) data obtained from 1941 to 1970, hydrocast data, means extracted from published charts, and unpublished tabulations of means. The charts were traced from computer-generated plots made directly from 1 deg quadrangle temperature means. Annual cycle temperature curves, at 10-deg longitude and 5-deg latitude intervals, contrast the remarkable changes in seasonal cycles from the northern latitudes, where the greatest change is at the surface, to the equatorial current region, where the annual range at the surface is very small and the subsurface range is large. The occurrences of middepth temperature maxima or minima also can be seen on these curves. Tight horizontal temperature gradients are associated with current, water mass boundaries or, beneath the surface, with the intersection of the depth level with the thermocline, defined as the depth where the temperature is 2 F(1.1 C) less than the surface temperature. Charts showing the temperature difference between the surface and 400 ft (120 m) are an estimate of the strength of the thermocline gradient between the top of the thermocline and 400 ft. Salinity charts are presented for the six depth levels. They are all-data means, rather than true annual means, based on the 1969 National Oceanographic Data Center hydrocast tapes. Charts of annual mean temperatures and temperature ranges are also presented for the six depth levels. Data analysis was a combination of objective computer and subjective time and space analyses, and means are available on computer tapes. (Author).
Author : M. N. Rajeevan
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811025312
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Observed Climate Variability and Change over the Indian Region written by M. N. Rajeevan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-02 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of the book is to make a comprehensive documentation of the observed variability and change of the regional climate system over the Indian region using the past observed data. The book addresses all the important parameters of regional climate system so that a physically consistent view of the changes of the climate system is documented. The book contains 16 chapters written by the subject experts from different academic and research institutes in India. The book addresses all important components/parameters of the climate system, like rainfall, temperature, humidity, clouds, moisture, sea surface temperature and ocean heat content, sea level, glaciers and snow cover, tropical cyclones and monsoon depressions, extreme rainfall and rainstorms, heat waves and cold waves, meteorological droughts, aerosols, atmospheric aerosols, ozone and trace gases and atmospheric radiative fluxes. One chapter deals with the past monsoon using monsoon proxy data. The last chapter deals with the future climate change projections over the Indian region (rainfall and temperature) made using coupled climate models. Most of the analyses (especially on rainfall, temperature, extreme rainfall, sea surface temperature, meteorological droughts) are based on the data for a longer period of 110 years, 1901–2010. For some other parameters like moisture, clouds, heat waves and cold waves, atmospheric aerosols, ozone and trace gases and radiative fluxes, data of shorter period have been used. The articles documented inter-annual and decadal variability in addition to documenting long term trends of different parameters. The trends have been tested for statistical significance using standard techniques. It is expected that the present book will be an excellent reference material for researchers as well as for policy makers. These results will be useful in interpreting future climate change scenarios over the region being projected using coupled climate models. Further analysis of these results is required for attributing the observed variability and change to natural and anthropogenic activities.
Author : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009178466
Total Pages : 1807 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-19 with total page 1807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Author : Jasti S. Chowdary
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128224320
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)
Download or read book Indian Summer Monsoon Variability written by Jasti S. Chowdary and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-08-15 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indian Summer Monsoon Variability: El Niño-Teleconnections and Beyond presents the improved understanding of Indian Monsoon teleconnections (ENSO and Non-ENSO), new advances, and preferred future steps. Special emphasis is given to non-ENSO teleconnections which have been poorly understood for decades. With growing monsoon rainfall extremes across the Indian Subcontinent, a new understanding of monsoon environmental factors that are driven remotely through teleconnections is a trending topic. Finally, the book reviews current understanding ofthe observational and modeling aspects of Indian monsoon teleconnections. This is a must-read for researchers and graduate students in atmospheric science and meteorology. Presents teleconnections associated with the Indian summer monsoon from a global perspective Discusses new pathways that connect the remote drivers to Indian summer monsoon variability Covers a wide range of mechanisms, processes, and science questions in relation to monsoon variability from interannual, decadal to climate change time scales
Author : Carlos R. Mechoso
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108492703
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Interacting Climates of Ocean Basins written by Carlos R. Mechoso and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-26 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of interactions between the climates of different ocean basins and their key contributions to global climate variability and change. Providing essential theory and discussing outstanding examples as well as impacts on monsoons, it a useful resource for graduate students and researchers in the atmospheric and ocean sciences.
Author : J. G. Colborn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Sound-speed Distribution in the Western Indian Ocean written by J. G. Colborn and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Initial results of a continuing study to analyze and summarize the acoustically significant characteristics of the vertical sound-speed structure in the Indian Ocean are presented for purposes of acoustic model inputs and future exercise planning in the region. Data displays cover the western Indian Ocean west of 75 degrees E and north of 20 degrees S. Hydrocast data with computed sound speeds at standard depths provide the basic information to define areas of the Indian Ocean that are reasonably homogeneous with regard to sound-speed properties and can be summarized by a single profile for each season. Seasonal data presentations of bottom conjugate depth (the shallow conjugate of the bottom sound speed) and depth excess (water depth below the deep conjugate of the near-surface sound-speed maximum) indicate the primarily bottom-limited situation in the western Indian Ocean and identify the restricted areas of the Somali Basin with convergence-zone propagation potential. The upper-layer characteristics of layer depth, in-layer gradient, and below-layer gradient are displayed seasonally in contour format based on sound-speed-converted BT and XBT temperature data. Emphasis is placed on the significant effects of the seasonal monsoons, and in particular the strong SW Monsoon, on the near-surface structure. Results based on the two data sources are presented separately and some comparisons are made.
Author : Caroline C. Ummenhofer
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128232862
Total Pages : 514 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)
Download or read book The Indian Ocean and its Role in the Global Climate System written by Caroline C. Ummenhofer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-04-18 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Indian Ocean and its Role in the Global Climate System provides an overview of our contemporary understanding of the Indian Ocean (geology, atmosphere, ocean, hydrology, biogeochemistry) and its role in the climate system. It describes the monsoon systems, Indian Ocean circulation and connections with other ocean basins. Climatic phenomena in the Indian Ocean are detailed across a range of timescales (seasonal, interannual to multi-decadal). Biogeochemical and ecosystem variability is also described. The book will provide a summary of different tools (e.g., observations, modeling, paleoclimate records) that are used for understanding Indian Ocean variability and trends. Recent trends and future projections of the Indian Ocean, including warming, extreme events, ocean acidification and deoxygenation will be detailed. The Indian Ocean is unique and different from other tropical ocean basins due to its geography. It is traditionally under-observed and understudied, yet plays a fundamental role for regional and global climate. The vagaries of the Asian monsoon affect over a billion people and a third of the global population live in the vicinity of the Indian Ocean. It is also particularly vulnerable to climate change, with robust warming and trends in heat and freshwater observed in recent decades. Advances have recently been made in our understanding of the Indian Ocean’s circulation, interactions with adjacent ocean basins, and its role in regional and global climate. Nonetheless, significant gaps remain in understanding, observing, modeling, and predicting Indian Ocean variability and change across a range of timescales. As such, this book is the perfect compendium to any researcher, student, teacher/lecturer in the fields of oceanography, atmospheric science, paleoclimate, environmental science, meteorology and geology, as well as policy managers and water resource managers. Provides interdisciplinary content with a comprehensive overview for students and practitioners from a wide range of disciplines as well as for stakeholders Presents a broad overview and background on the current state of knowledge of the variability, change, and regional impacts of the Indian Ocean Includes links to animations, slideshows, and other educational resources
