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The Semantics Of Opinion
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Book Synopsis The Semantics of Opinion by : Melanie Bervoets
Download or read book The Semantics of Opinion written by Melanie Bervoets and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-16 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume sets out to provide a semantics for the "future-directed opining verbs", a novel class whose members are used to describe subjects' externally attested opinions toward future possibilities. Including verbs like recommend, promise, and permit, the class can be situated within a broader range of opinion verbs, including the well-known propositional attitudes, and key to the investigation here are differences among these groups along the lines of available event types, interaction with the common ground, and restrictions on subjects and objects. Other important semantic topics implicated in the discussion are dispositions, free choice disjunction, and Neg-raising/embedded NPI licensing, and the host of new data associated with the future-directed opining verbs prompts surveys of the expanded scope of these phenomena, and corresponding re-evaluation of existing theories. Collectively, the contributions of this work deepen our understanding of predicates that describe opinion and disposition, and how these interact with fundamental logical operations like negation and disjunction, highlighting the crucial role of contextual factors like relevance for these processes.
Book Synopsis Suppose and Tell by : Timothy Williamson
Download or read book Suppose and Tell written by Timothy Williamson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What does 'if' mean? Timothy Williamson presents a controversial new approach to understanding conditional thinking, which is central to human cognitive life. He argues that in using 'if' we rely on psychological heuristics, fast and frugal methods which can lead us to trust faulty data and prematurely reject simple theories.
Download or read book Semantic Antics written by Sol Steinmetz and published by Random House Reference. This book was released on 2009-02-04 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "My favorite popular word book of the year" -William Safire, NY Times 6/22/2008 A fun, new approach to examining etymology! Many common English words started out with an entirely different meaning than the one we know today. For example: The word adamant came into English around 855 C.E. as a synonym for 'diamond,' very different from today's meaning of the word: "utterly unyielding in attitude or opinion." Before the year 1200, the word silly meant "blessed," and was derived from Old English saelig, meaning "happy." This word went through several incarnations before adopting today's meaning: "stupid or foolish." In Semantic Antics, lexicographer Sol Steinmetz takes readers on an in-depth, fascinating journey to learn how hundreds of words have evolved from their first meaning to the meanings used today.
Book Synopsis Advances in Proof-Theoretic Semantics by : Thomas Piecha
Download or read book Advances in Proof-Theoretic Semantics written by Thomas Piecha and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-24 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the first ever collection devoted to the field of proof-theoretic semantics. Contributions address topics including the systematics of introduction and elimination rules and proofs of normalization, the categorial characterization of deductions, the relation between Heyting's and Gentzen's approaches to meaning, knowability paradoxes, proof-theoretic foundations of set theory, Dummett's justification of logical laws, Kreisel's theory of constructions, paradoxical reasoning, and the defence of model theory. The field of proof-theoretic semantics has existed for almost 50 years, but the term itself was proposed by Schroeder-Heister in the 1980s. Proof-theoretic semantics explains the meaning of linguistic expressions in general and of logical constants in particular in terms of the notion of proof. This volume emerges from presentations at the Second International Conference on Proof-Theoretic Semantics in Tübingen in 2013, where contributing authors were asked to provide a self-contained description and analysis of a significant research question in this area. The contributions are representative of the field and should be of interest to logicians, philosophers, and mathematicians alike.
Book Synopsis Semantic Technology by : Ryutaro Ichise
Download or read book Semantic Technology written by Ryutaro Ichise and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-19 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 8th Joint International Semantic Technology Conference, JIST 2018, held in Awaji, Japan, in November 2018. The 23 full papers and 6 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 75 submissions. They present applications of semantic technologies, theoretical results, new algorithms and tools to facilitate the adoption of semantic technologies and are organized in topical sections on knowledge graphs; data management; question answering and NLP; ontology and reasoning; government open data; and semantic web for life sciences.
Book Synopsis Semantic Technologies in Idea Management Systems: A Model for Interoperability, Linking and Filtering by :
Download or read book Semantic Technologies in Idea Management Systems: A Model for Interoperability, Linking and Filtering written by and published by Adam Westerski. This book was released on with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Idea Management Systems are web applications that implement the notion of open innovation though crowdsourcing. Typically, organizations use those kind of systems to connect to large communities in order to gather ideas for improvement of products or services. Originating from simple suggestion boxes, Idea Management Systems advanced beyond collecting ideas and aspire to be a knowledge management solution capable to select best ideas via collaborative as well as expert assessment methods. In practice, however, the contemporary systems still face a number of problems usually related to information overflow and recognizing questionable quality of submissions with reasonable time and effort allocation. This thesis focuses on idea assessment problem area and contributes a number of solutions that allow to filter, compare and evaluate ideas submitted into an Idea Management System. With respect to Idea Management System interoperability the thesis proposes theoretical model of Idea Life Cycle and formalizes it as the Gi2MO ontology which enables to go beyond the boundaries of a single system to compare and assess innovation in an organization wide or market wide context. Furthermore, based on the ontology, the thesis builds a number of solutions for improving idea assessment via: community opinion analysis (MARL), annotation of idea characteristics (Gi2MO Types) and study of idea relationships (Gi2MO Links). The main achievements of the thesis are: application of theoretical innovation models for practice of Idea Management to successfully recognize the differentiation between communities, opinion metrics and their recognition as a new tool for idea assessment, discovery of new relationship types between ideas and their impact on idea clustering. Finally, the thesis outcome is establishment of Gi2MO Project that serves as an incubator for Idea Management solutions and mature open-source software alternatives for the widely available commercial suites. From the academic point of view the project delivers resources to undertake experiments in the Idea Management Systems area and managed to become a forum that gathered a number of academic and industrial partners.
Book Synopsis The Semantics of Grammar by : Anna Wierzbicka
Download or read book The Semantics of Grammar written by Anna Wierzbicka and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 629 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “The semantics of grammar” presents a radically semantic approach to syntax and morphology. It offers a methodology which makes it possible to demonstrate, on an empirical basis, that syntax is neither “autonomous” nor “arbitrary”, but that it follows from “semantics”. It is shown that every grammatical construction encodes a certain semantic structure, which can be revealed and rigorously stated, so that the meanings encoded in grammar can be compared in a precise and illuminating way, within one language and across language boundaries. The author develops a semantic metalanguage based on lexical universals or near-universals (and, ultimately, on a system of universal semantic primitives), and shows that the same semantic metalanguage can be used for explicating lexical, grammatical and pragmatic aspects of language and thus offers a method for an integrated linguistic description based on semantic foundations. Analyzing data from a number of different languages (including English, Russian and Japanese) the author explores the notion of ethnosyntax and, via semantics, links syntax and morphology with culture. She attemps to demonstrate that the use of a semantic metalanguage based on lexical universals makes it possible to rephrase the Humboldt-Sapir-Whorf hypothesis in such a way that it can be tested and treated as a program for empirical research.
Book Synopsis The Semantics-Pragmatics Boundary in Philosophy by : Maite Ezcurdia
Download or read book The Semantics-Pragmatics Boundary in Philosophy written by Maite Ezcurdia and published by Broadview Press. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The boundary between semantics and pragmatics has been important since the early twentieth century, but in the last twenty-five years it has become the central issue in the philosophy of language. This anthology collects classic philosophical papers on the topic, along with recent key contributions. It stresses not only the nature of the boundary, but also its importance for philosophy generally.
Book Synopsis The Semantics-Pragmatics Controversy by : Kristin Börjesson
Download or read book The Semantics-Pragmatics Controversy written by Kristin Börjesson and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2014-08-22 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, there is a great number of approaches to the semantics-pragmatics distinction on the market. This book is unique in that it offers a comprehensive overview, comparison and critical evaluation of these approaches. Taking as a starting point the notorious difficulty of differentiating so-called literal from non-literal (or figurative) meaning, it covers a wide range of the key current topics in semantics and pragmatics, e.g., the saying/meaning distinction, minimalism vs. contextualism, unarticulated constituents, indexicalism, (generalised) conversational implicatures, speech acts, levels of meaning in interpretation, the role of context in interpretation, the nature of lexical meaning. Notably, rather than taking a solely theoretical perspective, the book integrates psycho- and neurolinguistic perspectives, considering experimental results concerning the (differences in) processing of the various types of meaning covered. In terms of topics covered and perspectives taken, it is equally well suited for undergraduate as well as postgraduate students of linguistics and/or philosophy of language.
Book Synopsis Natural Language Processing for the Semantic Web by : Diana Maynard
Download or read book Natural Language Processing for the Semantic Web written by Diana Maynard and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces core natural language processing (NLP) technologies to non-experts in an easily accessible way, as a series of building blocks that lead the user to understand key technologies, why they are required, and how to integrate them into Semantic Web applications. Natural language processing and Semantic Web technologies have different, but complementary roles in data management. Combining these two technologies enables structured and unstructured data to merge seamlessly. Semantic Web technologies aim to convert unstructured data to meaningful representations, which benefit enormously from the use of NLP technologies, thereby enabling applications such as connecting text to Linked Open Data, connecting texts to each other, semantic searching, information visualization, and modeling of user behavior in online networks. The first half of this book describes the basic NLP processing tools: tokenization, part-of-speech tagging, and morphological analysis, in addition to the main tools required for an information extraction system (named entity recognition and relation extraction) which build on these components. The second half of the book explains how Semantic Web and NLP technologies can enhance each other, for example via semantic annotation, ontology linking, and population. These chapters also discuss sentiment analysis, a key component in making sense of textual data, and the difficulties of performing NLP on social media, as well as some proposed solutions. The book finishes by investigating some applications of these tools, focusing on semantic search and visualization, modeling user behavior, and an outlook on the future.
Book Synopsis The Semantic Web - ISWC 2006 by : Isabel Cruz
Download or read book The Semantic Web - ISWC 2006 written by Isabel Cruz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-10-26 with total page 1024 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2006, held in Athens, GA, USA in November 2006. It features more than 52 papers that address all current issues in the field of the semantic Web, ranging from theoretical aspects to various applied topics. An additional 14 papers detail applications in government, public health, public service, academic, and industry.
Book Synopsis Semantic Web Evaluation Challenge by : Valentina Presutti
Download or read book Semantic Web Evaluation Challenge written by Valentina Presutti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-03 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post conference proceedings of the first edition of the Semantic Web Evaluation Challenge, SemWebEval 2014, co-located with the 11th Extended Semantic Web conference, held in Anissaras, Crete, Greece, in May 2014. This book includes the descriptions of all methods and tools that competed at SemWebEval 2014, together with a detailed description of the tasks, evaluation procedures and datasets. The contributions are grouped in three areas: semantic publishing (sempub), concept-level sentiment analysis (ssa), and linked-data enabled recommender systems (recsys).
Book Synopsis The Semantics of Determiners (RLE Linguistics B: Grammar) by : Johan Van Der Auwera
Download or read book The Semantics of Determiners (RLE Linguistics B: Grammar) written by Johan Van Der Auwera and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-21 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of linguistic and philosophical papers dealing with the semantic problems of determiners. The language under investigation is mostly English, although a few papers deal with French and German, and, to a lesser extent, with Dutch, Polish, Russian and Hebrew. The majority of the contributions focus on the semantics of the definite and indefinite articles, leading into discussions of anaphoricness, specificness, opacity and transparency, referentiality and attributiveness and genericness. The relation of the determiners to other parts of grammar, in particular relativisation and predication, is also investigated. Some attention is also given to quantifiers. In the spirit of pluralism, there is no single paradigm unifying all the papers, rather, the volume reflects elements of the Extended Standard Theory, Generative Semantics, Montague Grammar, (Gricean) Pragmatics and Speech Act Theory.
Book Synopsis Chinese Lexical Semantics by : Yunfang Wu
Download or read book Chinese Lexical Semantics written by Yunfang Wu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 18th Chinese Lexical Semantics Workshop, CLSW 2017, held in Leshan, China, in May 2017. The 48 full papers and 5 short papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 176 submissions. They are organized in the following topical sections: lexical semantics; applications of natural language processing; lexical resources; and corpus linguistics.
Book Synopsis New Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence by : Hiromitsu Hattori
Download or read book New Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence written by Hiromitsu Hattori and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-26 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arti?cial intelligence has recently been re-energized to provide the clues needed to resolve complicated problems. AI is also expected to play a central role in enhancing a wide variety of daily activities. JSAI (The Japanese Society for Arti?cial Intelligence) is responsible for boosting the activities of AI researchers in Japan, and their series of annual conferences o?ers attractive forums for the exposition of the latest achievements and inter-group communication. In the past, the best papers of the conferences were published in the LNAI series. This book consists of award papers from the 22nd annual conference of the JSAI (JSAI 2008) and selected papers from the three co-located workshops. Eight papers were selected among more than 400 presentations at the conference and 18 papers were selected from the 34 presentations at the co-located wo- shops; Logic and Engineering of Natural Language Semantics 5 (LENLS 2008), the 2nd International Workshop on Juris-informatics (JURISIN 2008), and the First International Workshop on Laughter in Interaction and Body Movement (LIBM 2008). The award papers from JSAI 2008 were selected through a r- orous selection process. In the process, papers recommended by session chairs, session commentators, and PC members were carefully reviewed, before the ?nal decision was made.
Book Synopsis Chinese Lexical Semantics by : Donghong Ji
Download or read book Chinese Lexical Semantics written by Donghong Ji and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-02-15 with total page 838 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes carefully reviewed and revised selected papers from the 13th Chinese Lexical Semantics Workshop, CLSW 2012, held in Wuhan, China, in July 2012. The 67 full papers and 17 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 169 submissions. They are organized in topical sections named: applications on natural language processing; corpus linguistics; lexical computation; lexical resources; lexical semantics; new methods for lexical semantics; and other topics.
Book Synopsis The Semantic Web: ESWC 2014 Satellite Events by : Valentina Presutti
Download or read book The Semantic Web: ESWC 2014 Satellite Events written by Valentina Presutti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-15 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the Satellite Events of the 11th International Conference on the Semantic Web, ESWC 2014, held in Anissaras, Crete, Greece, in May 2014. The volume contains 20 poster and 43 demonstration papers, selected from 113 submissions, as well as 12 best workshop papers selected from 60 papers presented at the workshop at ESWC 2014. Best two papers from AI Mashup Challenge are also included. The papers cover various aspects of the Semantic Web.
