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The School Readiness Gap And Preschool Benefits For Children Of Color
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Book Synopsis The School-Readiness Gap and Preschool Benefits for Children of Color by : Farah Z. Ahmad
Download or read book The School-Readiness Gap and Preschool Benefits for Children of Color written by Farah Z. Ahmad and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hispanics are 17 percent of the population and African Americans make up another 13 percent. By 2043, the United States' population will be majority people of color. As the face of the nation changes, the nation's policies will need to change as well. While change is never easy, the place to start is where the change is already happening--investing in the nation's youngest citizens. Access to high-quality preschool is central to school readiness, and school readiness can significantly impact everything from reading at grade level to graduating high school to being career ready later in life. Children who attend a high-quality early learning program gain four months of learning, on average. Several state preschool evaluations have explored the impact of these programs on specific racial and ethnic groups, and this brief examines the findings of these studies for Hispanic, African American, and Asian American children, as well as for children for whom English is not the primary language in the home.
Book Synopsis The Future of Children: Spring 2005 by : Cecilia Rouse
Download or read book The Future of Children: Spring 2005 written by Cecilia Rouse and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Future of Children is a new semiannual publication that provies research and analysis to promote effective policies and programs for children. This first issue focuses on "School Readiness: Closing Racial and Ethnic Gaps." For more than 30 years, researchers have seen white children outperform black and other minority children in tests of reading and math skills. Though there is evidence that the gap has narrowed somewhat, the very persistence of this "racial and ethnic gap" remains a source considerable concern for academics, policy professionals and parents. The ethnic and racial gaps appear to reach back to the preschool years. When children reach the school door, minority children exhibit lower school readiness skills, at least those measured by standardized tests, than their white counterparts. From that point forward, the achievement gap only widens. If policy professionals are to address this disparity in academic achievement (and the consequent disparity in later opportunity), the racial and ethnic gap must be examined in the very earliest years, before students begin school with embedded inequalities. This volume critically summarizes the research on the origin and trajectory of the racial and ethnic gap in the early years from several theoretical perspectives. In particular, research is analyzed to determine when these differences start to emerge, in what areas they appear, what factors contribute to their development by the time children enter grade school and what are the long term effects. Contents: Introducing the Issue of Test Score Ethnic and Racial Disparities, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Sara McLanahan, and Cecilia Elena Rouse Identifying Racial and Ethnic Differences in School Readiness, Donald Rock and Jack Stenner Test Score Gaps: The Contribution of Family and Neighborhood Characteristics, Greg Duncan and Katherine Magnuson Genetic Differences and School Readiness, William T. Dickens Neuroscience Perspectives on Disparities in School Readiness, Kim Noble, B. J. Casey, and Nim Tottenham Low Birth Weight and School Readiness, Nancy Reichman The Impact of Health on School Readiness, Janet Currie Parenting, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn and Lisa Markman Childcare and Early Education, Katherine Magnuson and Jane Waldfogel
Book Synopsis Reframing School Readiness by : Nicole Colette King
Download or read book Reframing School Readiness written by Nicole Colette King and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The “school readiness gap” has been attributed to differences in family life, home school connections, and social inequalities. The current school-parent partnership model fails to acknowledge the ways in which parent roles in education, and the home-school relations in which they are embedded, reflect broader social inequalities that affect students. This study utilized a narratological case study approach to examine the school readiness beliefs of African-American and Latina Head Start parents. The guiding research questions were: How do parents conceptualize school readiness and transition practices? Two sub questions were asked: (1) What specific behaviors do parents use to promote their children’s school readiness? and (2) What other factors do parents believe help to promote their children’s transition to kindergarten? Parents’ beliefs about school readiness were examined utilizing a theoretical framework informed by Yosso’s (2005) model of community cultural wealth, Ladson Billings and Tate’s (1995) critical race theory, and the concept of cultural capital. The participants in this study included three African-American parents and three Latina parents. This study extends current research on parent beliefs about school readiness by examining data sources including in-depth interviews, readiness protocols, and surveys. The research findings suggest the community cultural wealth model offers a framework to acknowledge multiple means of capital that parents access to support their children. The results recognize the diverse perspectives of kindergarten readiness held by parents, which suggests that schools work actively to gain insight into parental desires and interests, which may not be raised explicitly by parents themselves.
Book Synopsis The SAGE Handbook of Early Childhood Policy by : Linda Miller
Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Early Childhood Policy written by Linda Miller and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2017-10-02 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent authoritative evidence suggests that an estimated 200 million children under five fail to achieve their developmental potential due to factors including poor health and nutrition and the lack of stable high quality care. A significant number of the world’s children today lack the basic rights to health, development and protection. In light of such statistics, early childhood services for young children have expanded around the world. The SAGE Handbook of Early Childhood Policy draws critical attention to policy in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) its relationship to service provision and its impact on the lives of children and families. The perspectives of leading academics and researchers from Europe, North America, South America, Africa, Australasia and Asia have been arranged around five key themes: Part 1: The Relationship Between Research, Policy And Practice: Country Case Studies Part 2: Equitable Early Childhood Services: Intervention to Improve Children’s Life Chances Part 3: Extending Practice: The Role of Early Childhood Services In Family Support Part 4: Participation, Rights and Diversity Part 5: Future Directions for Early Childhood Policy This handbook is essential reading for practitioners, stakeholders and others committed to working within early years services to achieve an awareness of policy and its implications for services and practice.
Book Synopsis African American Children in Early Childhood Education by : Iheoma U. Iruka
Download or read book African American Children in Early Childhood Education written by Iheoma U. Iruka and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2017-05-31 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents both the challenges and opportunities that exist for addressing the critical needs of black children, who have been historically underserved in the U.S. education system.
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of the Public Schools of the District of Columbia by : National Research Council
Download or read book An Evaluation of the Public Schools of the District of Columbia written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-08-31 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Evaluation of the Public Schools of the District of Columbia is a comprehensive five-year summative evaluation report for Phase Two of an initiative to evaluate the District of Columbia's public schools. Consistent with the recommendations in the 2011 report A Plan for Evaluating the District of Columbia's Public Schools, this new report describes changes in the public schools during the period from 2009 to 2013. An Evaluation of the Public Schools of the District of Columbia examines business practices, human resources operations and human capital strategies, academic plans, and student achievement. This report identifies what is working well seven years after legislation was enacted to give control of public schools to the mayor of the District of Columbia and which areas need additional attention.
Book Synopsis Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 by : National Research Council
Download or read book Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-23 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children.
Book Synopsis Cradle to Kindergarten by : Ajay Chaudry
Download or read book Cradle to Kindergarten written by Ajay Chaudry and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2017-03-01 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early care and education for many children in the United States is in crisis. The period between birth and kindergarten is a critical time for child development, and socioeconomic disparities that begin early in children’s lives contribute to starkly different long-term outcomes for adults. Yet, compared to other advanced economies, high-quality child care and preschool in the United States are scarce and prohibitively expensive for many middle-class and most disadvantaged families. To what extent can early-life interventions provide these children with the opportunities that their affluent peers enjoy and contribute to reduced social inequality in the long term? Cradle to Kindergarten offers a comprehensive, evidence-based strategy that diagnoses the obstacles to accessible early education and charts a path to opportunity for all children. The U.S. government invests less in children under the age of five than do most other developed nations. Most working families must seek private childcare, which means that children from low-income households, who would benefit most from high-quality early education, are the least likely to attend them. Existing policies, such as pre-kindergarten in some states are only partial solutions. To address these deficiencies, the authors propose to overhaul the early care system, beginning with a federal paid parental leave policy that provides both mothers and fathers with time and financial support after the birth of a child. They also advocate increased public benefits, including an expansion of the child care tax credit, and a new child care assurance program that subsidizes the cost of early care for low- and moderate-income families. They also propose that universal, high-quality early education in the states should start by age three, and a reform of the Head Start program that would include more intensive services for families living in areas of concentrated poverty and experiencing multiple adversities from the earliest point in these most disadvantaged children’s lives. They conclude with an implementation plan and contend that these reforms are attainable within a ten-year timeline. Reducing educational and economic inequalities requires that all children have robust opportunities to learn, fully develop their capacities, and have a fair shot at success. Cradle to Kindergarten presents a blueprint for fulfilling this promise by expanding access to educational and financial resources at a critical stage of child development.
Book Synopsis Disrupting and Countering Deficits in Early Childhood Education by : Fikile Nxumalo
Download or read book Disrupting and Countering Deficits in Early Childhood Education written by Fikile Nxumalo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-08-15 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This powerful edited collection disrupts the deficit-oriented discourses that currently frame the field of early childhood education (ECE) and illuminates avenues for critique and opportunities for change. Researchers from across the globe offer their insight and expertise in challenging the logic within ECE that often frames children and their families through gaps, risks, and deficits across such issues as poverty, language, developmental psychology, teaching, and learning. Chapters propose practical responses to these manufactured crises and advocate for democratic practices and policies that enable ECE programs to build on the wealth of cultural and personal knowledge children and families bring to the early learning process. Moving beyond a dependence on deficits, this book offers opportunities for scholars, researchers, and students to consider their practices in early education and develop their understanding of what it means to be an educator who seeks to support all children.
Book Synopsis Challenging the School Readiness Agenda in Early Childhood Education by : Miriam B. Tager
Download or read book Challenging the School Readiness Agenda in Early Childhood Education written by Miriam B. Tager and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Challenging the normative paradigm that school readiness is a positive and necessary objective for all young children, this book asserts that the concept is a deficit-based practice that fosters the continuation of discriminatory classifications. Tager draws on findings of a qualitative study to reveal how the neoliberal agenda of school reform based on high-stakes testing sorts and labels children as non-ready, affecting their overall schooling careers. Tager reflects critically on the relationship between race and school readiness, showing how the resulting exclusionary measures perpetuate the marginalization of low-income Black children from an early age. Disrupting expected notions of readiness is imperative to ending practices of structural classism and racism in early childhood education.
Book Synopsis Disparities in School Readiness by : Alan Booth
Download or read book Disparities in School Readiness written by Alan Booth and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2007. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Book Synopsis The Hidden Rules of Race by : Andrea Flynn
Download or read book The Hidden Rules of Race written by Andrea Flynn and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-08 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do black families own less than white families? Why does school segregation persist decades after Brown v. Board of Education? Why is it harder for black adults to vote than for white adults? Will addressing economic inequality solve racial and gender inequality as well? This book answers all of these questions and more by revealing the hidden rules of race that create barriers to inclusion today. While many Americans are familiar with the histories of slavery and Jim Crow, we often don't understand how the rules of those eras undergird today's economy, reproducing the same racial inequities 150 years after the end of slavery and 50 years after the banning of Jim Crow segregation laws. This book shows how the fight for racial equity has been one of progress and retrenchment, a constant push and pull for inclusion over exclusion. By understanding how our economic and racial rules work together, we can write better rules to finally address inequality in America.
Book Synopsis People of Color in the United States by : Kofi Lomotey
Download or read book People of Color in the United States written by Kofi Lomotey and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2016-10-17 with total page 1621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This expansive, four-volume ready-reference work offers critical coverage of contemporary issues that impact people of color in the United States, ranging from education and employment to health and wellness and immigration. People of Color in the United States: Contemporary Issues in Education, Work, Communities, Health, and Immigration examines a wide range of issues that affect people of color in America today, covering education, employment, health, and immigration. Edited by experts in the field, this set supplies current information that meets a variety of course standards in four volumes. Volume 1 covers education grades K–12 and higher education; volume 2 addresses employment, housing, family, and community; volume 3 examines health and wellness; and volume 4 covers immigration. The content will enable students to better understand the experiences of racial and ethnic minorities as well as current social issues and policy. The content is written to be accessible to a wide range of readers and to provide ready-reference content for courses in history, sociology, psychology, geography, and economics, as well as curricula that address immigration, urbanization and industrialization, and contemporary American society.
Book Synopsis School Readiness and the Achievement Gap by : Ashley Suzanne Bakker
Download or read book School Readiness and the Achievement Gap written by Ashley Suzanne Bakker and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, in the US, there exist gaps in school readiness between children of diverse cultural groups and socio-economic levels. Many children enter kindergarten without the skills deemed necessary to succeed. Children who enter behind their peers in emotional and academic readiness in kindergarten are likely to remain behind through adulthood (Berger & Stedron, 2010). School readiness is defined as encompassing five dimensions; physical well-being and motor development, social and emotional development, approaches to learning, language development (including early literacy); and cognition and general knowledge (Berger & Stedron, 2010). Research studies have been conducted to discern the root causes of disparity and states have mandated interventions targeted at reducing them. This paper outlines some of the primary studies and their conclusions about the links between ethnicity and socio-economic status and the relationship of these with parenting styles and early childhood development. State mandated interventions, such as pre-school programs for low-income families with parenting components, are also reviewed. Studies concerning their long term efficacy are addressed. An analysis of the current debate surrounding the concept of school readiness, how it is assessed, and the theoretical positions framing the debate, is also provided.
Download or read book FirstSchool written by Sharon Ritchie and published by Teachers College Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FirstSchool is a groundbreaking framework for teaching minority and low-income children. Changing the conversation from improving test scores to improving school experiences, the text features lessons learned from eight elementary schools whose leadership and staff implemented sustainable changes. The authors detail how to use education research and data to provide a rationale for change; how to promote professional learning that is genuinely collaborative and respectful; and how to employ developmentally appropriate teaching strategies that focus on the needs of minority and low-income children.
Book Synopsis Whither Opportunity? by : Greg J. Duncan
Download or read book Whither Opportunity? written by Greg J. Duncan and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2011-09-01 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the incomes of affluent and poor families have diverged over the past three decades, so too has the educational performance of their children. But how exactly do the forces of rising inequality affect the educational attainment and life chances of low-income children? In Whither Opportunity? a distinguished team of economists, sociologists, and experts in social and education policy examines the corrosive effects of unequal family resources, disadvantaged neighborhoods, insecure labor markets, and worsening school conditions on K-12 education. This groundbreaking book illuminates the ways rising inequality is undermining one of the most important goals of public education—the ability of schools to provide children with an equal chance at academic and economic success. The most ambitious study of educational inequality to date, Whither Opportunity? analyzes how social and economic conditions surrounding schools affect school performance and children’s educational achievement. The book shows that from earliest childhood, parental investments in children’s learning affect reading, math, and other attainments later in life. Contributor Meredith Phillip finds that between birth and age six, wealthier children will have spent as many as 1,300 more hours than poor children on child enrichment activities such as music lessons, travel, and summer camp. Greg Duncan, George Farkas, and Katherine Magnuson demonstrate that a child from a poor family is two to four times as likely as a child from an affluent family to have classmates with low skills and behavior problems – attributes which have a negative effect on the learning of their fellow students. As a result of such disparities, contributor Sean Reardon finds that the gap between rich and poor children’s math and reading achievement scores is now much larger than it was fifty years ago. And such income-based gaps persist across the school years, as Martha Bailey and Sue Dynarski document in their chapter on the growing income-based gap in college completion. Whither Opportunity? also reveals the profound impact of environmental factors on children’s educational progress and schools’ functioning. Elizabeth Ananat, Anna Gassman-Pines, and Christina Gibson-Davis show that local job losses such as those caused by plant closings can lower the test scores of students with low socioeconomic status, even students whose parents have not lost their jobs. They find that community-wide stress is most likely the culprit. Analyzing the math achievement of elementary school children, Stephen Raudenbush, Marshall Jean, and Emily Art find that students learn less if they attend schools with high student turnover during the school year – a common occurrence in poor schools. And David Kirk and Robert Sampson show that teacher commitment, parental involvement, and student achievement in schools in high-crime neighborhoods all tend to be low. For generations of Americans, public education provided the springboard to upward mobility. This pioneering volume casts a stark light on the ways rising inequality may now be compromising schools’ functioning, and with it the promise of equal opportunity in America.
Book Synopsis Timing of School Entry for African American Boys by : Eric Washington
Download or read book Timing of School Entry for African American Boys written by Eric Washington and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disparate educational outcomes for African American boys remains a serious challenge. Opportunity gaps derived from disproportionate socioeconomic factors appear to influence school readiness and ultimately create gaps in academic achievement when comparing African American boys to all other children. The matter potentially exacerbates African American boys being overrepresented in the criminal justice system and further contributes to cyclical poverty, health, income, and wealth gaps that persist for African Americans in general. This study takes a closer look at the effect of school entry timing on academic achievement for African American boys. There is a bounty of research that suggest entering school later produces short- and long-term benefits, especially for at-risk children. The additional year is thought to allow children greater time to mature and develop emotional, social, and cognitive skills. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010-11 (ECLS-K:2011) and logistic regression predicting whether a child is performing at or above grade level on three subjects (reading, math, and science), I find no evidence of a salutary effect of delayed school entry by the fifth grade in my multivariate models. Inputs to academic achievement included in my models include socioeconomic variables, school readiness factors such as a child’s physical health, lack of emotional difficulty, social confidence and cognitive ability, and support and supplemental education variables, including parent health, parent support, early childhood education program participation, kindergarten length, and teacher gender. The results revealed the particular importance of school readiness measures on educational outcomes as a means to optimize academic achievement and equity.
