The Rule Following Paradox And Its Implications For Metaphysics

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The Rule-Following Paradox and its Implications for Metaphysics

Author : Jody Azzouni
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319490613
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rule-Following Paradox and its Implications for Metaphysics by : Jody Azzouni

Download or read book The Rule-Following Paradox and its Implications for Metaphysics written by Jody Azzouni and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-08 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph presents Azzouni’s new approach to the rule-following paradox. His solution leaves intact an isolated individual’s capacity to follow rules, and it simultaneously avoids replacing the truth conditions for meaning-talk with mere assertability conditions for that talk. Kripke’s influential version of Wittgenstein’s rule-following paradox—and Wittgenstein’s views more generally—on the contrary, make rule-following practices and assertions about those practices subject to community norms without which they lose their cogency. Azzouni summarizes and develops Kripke’s original version of Wittgenstein’s rule-following paradox to make salient the linchpin assumptions of the paradox. By doing so, Azzouni reveals how compelling Kripke’s earlier work on the paradox was. Objections raised over the years by Fodor, Forbes Ginsborg, Goldfarb, Tait, Wright, and many others, are all shown to fail. No straight solution (a solution that denies an assumption of the paradox) can be made to work. Azzouni illustrates this in detail by showing that a popular family of straight solutions due to Lewis and refined by Williams, “reference magnetism,” fail as well. And yet an overlooked sceptical solution is still available in logical space. Azzouni describes a series of “disposition-meaning” private languages that he shows can be successfully used by a population of speakers to communicate with one another despite their ideolectical character. The same sorts of languages enable solitary “Robinson Crusoes” to survive and flourish in their island habitats. These languages—sufficiently refined—have the same properties normal human languages have; and this is the key to solving the rule-following paradox without sacrificing the individual’s authority over her self-imposed rules or her ability to follow those rules. Azzouni concludes this unusual monograph by uncovering a striking resemblance between the rule-following paradox and Hume’s problem of induction: he shows the rule-following paradox to be a corollary of Hume’s problem that arises when the problem of induction is applied to an individual’s own abilities to follow rules. “The book is clearly and engagingly written, and the conclusions are well-argued-for. (Depressingly well-argued-for in the case of Chapter 3, as I've always been partial to Lewisian responses to Putnam's model-theoretic argument--I'm rethinking that now.) And the proposed solution to the rule-following paradox really is novel.” Joshua Brown - Gustavus Adolphus College

Rule-following and Meaning

Author : Alexander Miller
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317489640
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Rule-following and Meaning by : Alexander Miller

Download or read book Rule-following and Meaning written by Alexander Miller and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-12-18 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rule-following debate, in its concern with the metaphysics and epistemology of linguistic meaning and mental content, goes to the heart of the most fundamental questions of contemporary philosophy of mind and language. This volume gathers together the most important contributions to the topic, including papers by Simon Blackburn, Paul Boghossian, Graeme Forbes, Warren Goldfarb, Paul Horwich, John McDowell, Colin McGinn, Ruth Millikan, Philip Pettit, George Wilson, Crispin Wright, and Jose Zalabardo. The debate has centred on Saul Kripke's reading of the rule-following sections in Wittgenstein and his consequent posing of a sceptical paradox that threatens our everyday notions of linguistic meaning and mental content. These essays are attempts to respond to this challenge and represent some of the most important work in contemporary theory of meaning. With an introductory essay and a comprehensive guide to further reading this book is an excellent resource for courses in philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, Wittgenstein, and metaphysics, as well as for all philosophers, linguists, and cognitive scientists with interests in these areas.

Wittgenstein's Metaphilosophy

Author : Paul Horwich
Publisher : Oxford University Press (UK)
ISBN 13 : 019966112X
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis Wittgenstein's Metaphilosophy by : Paul Horwich

Download or read book Wittgenstein's Metaphilosophy written by Paul Horwich and published by Oxford University Press (UK). This book was released on 2012-12-13 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paul Horwich presents a bold new interpretation of Wittgenstein's later work. He argues that it is Wittgenstein's radically anti-theoretical metaphilosophy - and not his identification of the meaning of a word with its use - that underpins his discussions of specific issues concerning language, the mind, mathematics, knowledge, art, and religion.

Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language

Author : Saul A. Kripke
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674954014
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (54 download)

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Book Synopsis Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language by : Saul A. Kripke

Download or read book Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language written by Saul A. Kripke and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1982 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Table of Contents " Preface " Introductory " The Wittgensteinian Paradox " The Solution and the 'Private Language' Argument " Postscript Wittgenstein and Other Minds " Index.

A Companion to the Philosophy of Language

Author : Bob Hale
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118972082
Total Pages : 1176 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

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Book Synopsis A Companion to the Philosophy of Language by : Bob Hale

Download or read book A Companion to the Philosophy of Language written by Bob Hale and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-02-15 with total page 1176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Providing up-to-date, in-depth coverage of the central question, and written and edited by some of the foremost practitioners in the field, this timely new edition will no doubt be a go-to reference for anyone with a serious interest in the philosophy of language.” Kathrin Glüer-Pagin, Stockholm University Now published in two volumes, the second edition of the best-selling Companion to the Philosophy of Language provides a complete survey of contemporary philosophy of language. The Companion has been greatly extended and now includes a monumental 17 new essays – with topics chosen by the editors, who curated suggestions from current contributors – and almost all of the 25 original chapters have been updated to take account of recent developments in the field. In addition to providing a synoptic view of the key issues, figures, concepts, and debates, each essay introduces new and original contributions to ongoing debates, as well as addressing a number of new areas of interest, including two-dimensional semantics, modality and epistemic modals, and semantic relationism. The extended “state-of-the-art” chapter format allows the authors, all of whom are internationally eminent scholars in the field, to incorporate original research to a far greater degree than competitor volumes. Unrivaled in scope, this volume represents the best contemporary critical thinking relating to the philosophy of language.

Neopragmatism

Author : Joshua Gert
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192647709
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (926 download)

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Book Synopsis Neopragmatism by : Joshua Gert

Download or read book Neopragmatism written by Joshua Gert and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-08-29 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neopragmatism is a very general language-first approach to questions about the existence or nature of various traditionally philosophically troubling entities or properties. It rejects metaphysical questions about these things by instead focusing our attention on our practices of using the relevant words: words like 'true', 'four', 'immoral', 'necessary', 'art', and so on. Once we have unmysterious naturalistic explanations of our practices of making assertions with these sorts of words, and of assessing those assertions as true or false, metaphysical worries about them should simply fade away. Neopragmatism differs from more common expressivist accounts of the same sorts of vocabulary because expressivism is almost always offered as a local view, presented against a more general representationalist background. Neopragmatists, on the other hand, defend a global view that endorses deflationary accounts of the whole constellation of representational and semantic notions such as reference, truth, belief, assertion, and proposition. A general deflationism of this sort makes it impossible to draw a contrast between representational and non-representational propositions, assertions, or beliefs. While neopragmatism has been on the scene since the 1980's, it has generally only been visible to theorists working on the very general issue of the relation of language to reality. When it comes to first-order philosophical issues such as the nature of time, or the various modals, or color, or art, neopragmatism often seems simply not to be on the radar. This volume takes up the task of exploring the implications - direct and indirect - of the neopragmatist perspective for various first order philosophical issues.

Predictive Minds: Old Problems and New Challenges

Author : Manuel Curado
Publisher : Vernon Press
ISBN 13 : 1648897851
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (488 download)

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Book Synopsis Predictive Minds: Old Problems and New Challenges by : Manuel Curado

Download or read book Predictive Minds: Old Problems and New Challenges written by Manuel Curado and published by Vernon Press. This book was released on 2023-10-10 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Predictive Processing Theory of Mind is a recent theory developed by philosophers, cognitive scientists, and neuroscientists about the nature and function of the brain and its role in creating the conscious mind that we humans, and perhaps some non-human animals, have. The authors that advanced those lines of research believe that there is a fundamental idea that has been overlooked in the research done about the brain until the present: that the brain is a prediction machine with the function of creating hypotheses about the causes of our sensory signals and predictions of possible future sensory signals. Moreover, the internal models of the world created this way are constantly challenged by incorporating the errors of the previous models into new models. From this point of view, the brain's work could be described as a process of making predictions about the upcoming sensory data based on its best current models of the causes of those data. This book intends to critically analyze this theory and its subsequent theoretical and empirical consequences. To achieve that, the volume brings together some of the best experts on Predictive Processing – such as Thomas Metzinger, Wanja Wiese, or Mark Miller – with the goal of presenting some of the advantages of this approach but also some of its caveats.

Ontology Without Borders

Author : Jody Azzouni
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190622563
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Ontology Without Borders by : Jody Azzouni

Download or read book Ontology Without Borders written by Jody Azzouni and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-07-20 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our experience of objects (and consequently our theorizing about them) is very rich. We perceive objects as possessing individuation conditions. They appear to have boundaries in space and time, for example, and they appear to move independently of a background of other objects or a landscape. In Ontology Without Boundaries Jody Azzouni undertakes an analysis of our concept of object, and shows what about that notion is truly due to the world and what about it is a projection onto the world of our senses and thinking. Location and individuation conditions are our product: there is no echo of them in the world. Features, the ways that objects seem to be, aren't projections. Azzouni shows how the resulting austere metaphysics tames a host of ancient philosophical problems about constitution ("Ship of Theseus," "Sorities"), as well as contemporary puzzles about reductionism. In addition, it's shown that the same sorts of individuation conditions for properties, which philosophers use to distinguish between various kinds of odd abstracta-universals, tropes, and so on, are also projections. Accompanying our notion of an object is a background logic that makes cogent ontological debate about anything from Platonic objects to Bigfoot. Contemporary views about this background logic ("quantifier variance") make ontological debate incoherent. Azzouni shows how a neutral interpretation of quantifiers and quantifier domains makes sense of both philosophical and pre-philosophical ontological debates. Azzouni also shows how the same apparatus makes sense of our speaking about a host of items--Mickey Mouse, unicorns, Martians--that nearly all of us deny exist. It's allowed by what Azzouni shows about the background logic of our ontological debates, as well as the semantics of the language of those debates that we can disagree over the existence of things, like unicorns, without that background logic and semantics forcing ontological commitments onto speakers that they don't have.

Attributing Knowledge

Author : Jody Azzouni
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197508820
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

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Book Synopsis Attributing Knowledge by : Jody Azzouni

Download or read book Attributing Knowledge written by Jody Azzouni and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-21 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Attributing Knowledge, Jody Azzouni challenges philosophical conventions about what it means to know something. He argues that the restrictive conditions philosophers place on knowers only hold in special cases; knowledge can be attributed to babies, sophisticated animals (great apes, orcas), unsophisticated animals (bees), and machinery (drones, driverless cars). Azzouni also gives a fresh defense of fallibilism. Relying on lexical semantics and ordinary usage, he shows that there are no knowledge norms for assertion or action. He examines everyday cases of knowledge challenge and attribution to show many recent and popular epistemological positions are wrong. By providing a long-sought intelligible characterization of knowledge attribution, Azzouni explains why the concept has puzzled philosophers so long, and he solves longstanding and recent puzzles that have perplexed epistemologists--including the dogmatism paradox, Gettier puzzles, and the surprise-exam paradox. "This is a terrific book, full of surprises. For instance, Chapter 9 is full of points that are original, insightful, and useful in helping to resolve stale debates. I especially liked the points that we don't ordinarily describe someone as losing knowledge by gaining defeating evidence, that "knows" is vague and tri-scoped, that vagueness needn't be explained by appeal to precise metasemantic machinery, and that Williamson's anti-luminosity argument founders on the fact that knowledge doesn't require confidence. Bravo!" --Ram Neta, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Praise for Jody Azzouni's Ontology without Borders: "Azzouni offers a very strong drink, proposing that we do without central elements of what almost anyone would call logic or ontology. His arguments are serious and wide-ranging. If he's right, the reader will have learned something very important. If he's wrong, then the reader who figures out how he went wrong will also have learned something very important. Not every book has this feature." --Michael Gorman, The Catholic University of America

Metaphors and Analogies in Sciences and Humanities

Author : Shyam Wuppuluri
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030906884
Total Pages : 590 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis Metaphors and Analogies in Sciences and Humanities by : Shyam Wuppuluri

Download or read book Metaphors and Analogies in Sciences and Humanities written by Shyam Wuppuluri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-30 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this highly-interdisciplinary volume, we systematically study the role of metaphors and analogies in (mis)shaping our understanding of the world. Metaphors and Analogies occupy a prominent place in scientific discourses, as they do in literature, humanities and at the very level of our thinking itself. But when misused they can lead us astray, blinding our understanding inexorably. How can metaphors aid us in our understanding of the world? What role do they play in our scientific discourses and in humanities? How do they help us understand and skillfully deal with our complex socio-political scenarios? Where is the dividing line between their use and abuse? Join us as we explore some of these questions in this volume.

Mind, Meaning, and Knowledge

Author : Annalisa Coliva
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199278059
Total Pages : 503 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Mind, Meaning, and Knowledge by : Annalisa Coliva

Download or read book Mind, Meaning, and Knowledge written by Annalisa Coliva and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2012-09-27 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a collective exploration of major themes in the work of Crispin Wright, one of today's leading philosophers. The distinguished contributors address a variety of issues, including truth, realism, anti-realism, relativism, and scepticism, and testify to Wright's seminal work on language, mind, metaphysics, and epistemology.

Oughts and Thoughts

Author : Anandi Hattiangadi
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199219028
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Oughts and Thoughts by : Anandi Hattiangadi

Download or read book Oughts and Thoughts written by Anandi Hattiangadi and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-05-31 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anandi Hattiangadi provides an innovative response to the argument for meaning scepticism set out by Saul Kripke in Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language.

Naming and Necessity

Author : Saul A. Kripke
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674598461
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (984 download)

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Book Synopsis Naming and Necessity by : Saul A. Kripke

Download or read book Naming and Necessity written by Saul A. Kripke and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1980 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If there is such a thing as essential reading in metaphysics or in philosophy of language, this is it. Ever since the publication of its original version, Naming and Necessity has had great and increasing influence. It redirected philosophical attention to neglected questions of natural and metaphysical necessity and to the connections between these and theories of reference, in particular of naming, and of identity. From a critique of the dominant tendency to assimilate names to descriptions and more generally to treat their reference as a function of their Fregean sense, surprisingly deep and widespread consequences may be drawn. The largely discredited distinction between accidental and essential properties, both of individual things (including people) and of kinds of things, is revived. So is a consequent view of science as what seeks out the essences of natural kinds. Traditional objections to such views are dealt with by sharpening distinctions between epistemic and metaphysical necessity; in particular by the startling admission of necessary a posteriori truths. From these, in particular from identity statements using rigid designators whether of things or of kinds, further remarkable consequences are drawn for the natures of things, of people, and of kinds; strong objections follow, for example to identity versions of materialism as a theory of the mind. This seminal work, to which today's thriving essentialist metaphysics largely owes its impetus, is here published with a substantial new Preface by the author.

The Metaphysics of Meaning

Author : Jerrold J. Katz
Publisher : Bradford Books
ISBN 13 : 9780262610827
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis The Metaphysics of Meaning by : Jerrold J. Katz

Download or read book The Metaphysics of Meaning written by Jerrold J. Katz and published by Bradford Books. This book was released on 1992 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jerrold J. Katz offers a radical reappraisal of the "linguistic turn" in twentieth-century philosophy. He shows that the naturalism that emerged to become the dominant philosophical position was never adequately proved. Katz critiques the major arguments for contemporary naturalism and develops a new conception of the naturalistic fallacy. This conception, inspired by Moore, explains why attempts to naturalize linguistics and logic, and perhaps ethics, will fail. He offers a Platonist view of such disciplines, justifying it as the best explanation of their autonomy, their objectivity, and their normativity.

Wittgenstein and the Problem of Metaphysics

Author : Michael Smith
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 135018344X
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Wittgenstein and the Problem of Metaphysics by : Michael Smith

Download or read book Wittgenstein and the Problem of Metaphysics written by Michael Smith and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-11-18 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring the rupture between Wittgenstein's early and late phases, Michael Smith provides an original re-assessment of the metaphysical consistencies that exist throughout his divergent texts. Smith shows how Wittgenstein's criticism of metaphysics typically invoked the very thing he was seeking to erase. Taking an alternative approach to the inherent contradiction in his work, the 'problem of metaphysics', as Smith terms it, becomes the organizing principle of Wittgenstein's thought rather than something to overcome. This metaphysical thread enables further reflection on the poetic nature of Wittgenstein's philosophy as well as his preoccupation with ethics and aesthetics as important factors mostly absent from the secondary literature. The turn to aesthetics is crucial to a re-assessment of Wittgenstein's legacy, and is done in conjunction with an innovative analysis of Nietzsche's critique of Kantian aesthetics and Kant's 'judgments of taste'. The result is a unique discussion of the limits and possibilities of metaphysics, aesthetics, ethics and the task of the philosopher more generally.

Philosophy of Language

Author : Scott Soames
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691155976
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophy of Language by : Scott Soames

Download or read book Philosophy of Language written by Scott Soames and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-09-24 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A masterful overview of the philosophy of language from one of its most important thinkers In this book one of the world's foremost philosophers of language presents his unifying vision of the field—its principal achievements, its most pressing current questions, and its most promising future directions. In addition to explaining the progress philosophers have made toward creating a theoretical framework for the study of language, Scott Soames investigates foundational concepts—such as truth, reference, and meaning—that are central to the philosophy of language and important to philosophy as a whole. The first part of the book describes how philosophers from Frege, Russell, Tarski, and Carnap to Kripke, Kaplan, and Montague developed precise techniques for understanding the languages of logic and mathematics, and how these techniques have been refined and extended to the study of natural human languages. The book then builds on this account, exploring new thinking about propositions, possibility, and the relationship between meaning, assertion, and other aspects of language use. An invaluable overview of the philosophy of language by one of its most important practitioners, this book will be essential reading for all serious students of philosophy.

Wittgenstein

Author : Kelly Dean Jolley
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317492374
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Wittgenstein by : Kelly Dean Jolley

Download or read book Wittgenstein written by Kelly Dean Jolley and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-12-05 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wittgenstein's complex and demanding work challenges much that is taken for granted in philosophical thinking as well as in the theorizing of art, theology, science and culture. Each essay in this collection explores a key concept involved in Wittgenstein's thinking, relating it to his understanding of philosophy, and outlining the arguments and explaining the implications of each concept. Concepts covered include grammar, meaning and meaning-blindness language-games and private language, family resemblances, psychologism, rule-following, teaching and learning, avowals, Moore's Paradox, aspect seeing, the meter-stick, and criteria. Students new to Wittgenstein and readers interested in developing their understanding of specific aspects of his philosophical work will find this book very welcome.