The Roles Of The Copii Coat And Hrr25 In Er Golgi Transport

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The Roles of the COPII Coat and Hrr25 in ER-Golgi Transport

Author : Christopher Levon Najarian Lord
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781267823403
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (234 download)

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Book Synopsis The Roles of the COPII Coat and Hrr25 in ER-Golgi Transport by : Christopher Levon Najarian Lord

Download or read book The Roles of the COPII Coat and Hrr25 in ER-Golgi Transport written by Christopher Levon Najarian Lord and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COPII coat is essential for ER-Golgi transport and consists of four subunits: the inner adaptor proteins Sec23 and Sec24, and the outer shell proteins Sec13 and Sec31. Transport is initiated when activated Sar1-GTP in the ER membrane recruits the COPII coat by directly binding the Sec23 subunit; together these proteins catalyze vesicle formation. Vesicles are then tethered to the Golgi by TRAPPI, Ypt1, and Uso1, allowing SNAREs to subsequently catalyze fusion of the vesicle and Golgi membranes. These basic concepts of ER-Golgi transport are introduced and further detailed in chapter one. Recently an interaction between Sec23 and TRAPPI was shown to be required for vesicle tethering to the Golgi, implying the COPII coat regulates trafficking events downstream of budding. It was unclear how long the coat remained bound to vesicles and how this prolonged association might influence tethering and fusion events. Experiments in this dissertation delineate numerous roles of the COPII coat in ER-Golgi transport. Chapter two demonstrates COPII vesicles remain coated after they form and until they are tethered to the Golgi, but appear to uncoat prior to fusion. It also shows the conserved kinase Hrr25 binds and phosphorylates Sec23 and Sec24 at the Golgi after displacing TRAPPI. Hrr25 indirectly inhibits vesicle budding by phosphorylating Sec23, which disrupts its ability to bind Sar1-GTP. Finally, we describe how sequential interactions of Sar1-GTP, TRAPPI, and Hrr25 with Sec23 spatially and temporally regulate vesicle traffic. Chapter three examines the role of Hrr25 in vesicle fusion. Hrr25 appears to partially stimulate the essential process of uncoating, likely by decreasing the affinity of phosphorylated Sec24 with vesicle cargo. Casein kinase II (CKII) is also shown to regulate ER-Golgi transport, potentially by phosphorylating and inhibiting Hrr25. The fourth and final chapter examines the significance of these findings in relation to other trafficking events and proposes experiments to better understand the roles of COPII phosphorylation, Hrr25, and CKII in ER-Golgi traffic.

Sec24 Phosphorylation Regulates COPII Vesicles During Autophagy

Author : Saralin Davis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (967 download)

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Book Synopsis Sec24 Phosphorylation Regulates COPII Vesicles During Autophagy by : Saralin Davis

Download or read book Sec24 Phosphorylation Regulates COPII Vesicles During Autophagy written by Saralin Davis and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Macroautophagy is a process of bulk degradation initiated during cellular starvation or stress. When macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is induced there is a rapid upregulation in the formation of autophagosomes; double membrane vesicles, which engulf cytoplasmic materials and organelles. After formation, autophagosomes fuse with the vacuole releasing their contents for degradation, which is essential to maintain homeostasis during nutrient deprivation. Although the membrane source and trafficking events leading to autophagosome formation are poorly understood, recent findings have implicated endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived COPII vesicles in autophagosome biogenesis. During nutrient rich conditions, COPII vesicles work on the secretory pathway by transporting cargo from the ER to the Golgi. How the function of COPII vesicles is regulated to balance their roles in secretion and autophagy is unclear. Moreover, the molecular mechanism of how COPII vesicles recognize autophagy machinery to aid in autophagosome formation is unknown. The current understanding of the function of COPII vesicles and other parts of the secretory pathway in autophagy is discussed in Chapter 1. The work in this dissertation examines how phosphorylation of Sec24, a subunit of the inner COPII coat, regulates autophagosome formation. In Chapter 2 we rule out a major role for Sec24 phosphorylation in regulating the secretory pathway. We next screened for Sec24 phosphorylation sites that are required for autophagy and not ER-Golgi transport. This analysis identified a patch of conserved phosphorylation sites that are required for autophagosome formation during starvation. Phosphorylation of these residues regulates autophagosome frequency and enhances the interaction of the COPII coat with Atg9, a key regulator of autophagosome initiation. Chapter 3 discusses the role of the serine/threonine kinase Hrr25 in regulating the Sec24-Atg9 interaction through Sec24 phosphorylation. Chapter 4 discusses the interacting domains of Uso1, a long coil-coiled tether that links COPII vesicles to the Golgi on the secretory pathway. Chapter 5 places these findings into the broader context of COPII vesicle trafficking and autophagosome formation. Additionally, this final chapter gives recommendations for future experiments to further our knowledge of the membrane rearrangements required for autophagosome initiation.

Encyclopedia of Cell Biology

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123947960
Total Pages : 2972 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Cell Biology by :

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Cell Biology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-08-07 with total page 2972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Cell Biology, Four Volume Set offers a broad overview of cell biology, offering reputable, foundational content for researchers and students across the biological and medical sciences. This important work includes 285 articles from domain experts covering every aspect of cell biology, with fully annotated figures, abundant illustrations, videos, and references for further reading. Each entry is built with a layered approach to the content, providing basic information for those new to the area and more detailed material for the more experienced researcher. With authored contributions by experts in the field, the Encyclopedia of Cell Biology provides a fully cross-referenced, one-stop resource for students, researchers, and teaching faculty across the biological and medical sciences. Fully annotated color images and videos for full comprehension of concepts, with layered content for readers from different levels of experience Includes information on cytokinesis, cell biology, cell mechanics, cytoskeleton dynamics, stem cells, prokaryotic cell biology, RNA biology, aging, cell growth, cell Injury, and more In-depth linking to Academic Press/Elsevier content and additional links to outside websites and resources for further reading A one-stop resource for students, researchers, and teaching faculty across the biological and medical sciences

Autophagy: Biology and Diseases

Author : Zhiping Xie
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811628300
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Autophagy: Biology and Diseases by : Zhiping Xie

Download or read book Autophagy: Biology and Diseases written by Zhiping Xie and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-14 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book series consists of 3 volumes covering the basic science (Volume 1), clinical science (Volume 2) and the technology and methodology (Volume 3) of autophagy. Volume 3 focuses on the technical aspects of autophagy research. It is comprised of two parts. The first part discusses the basic process of autophagy, including its overall classification and individual stages in the life cycle of autophagosomes. The second part discusses the tools, strategies, and model systems in current autophagy research, including cell and animal models, detection and manipulation methods, as well as screening, genomic, proteomic and bioinformatic approaches. The book is written and edited by a team of active scientists. It is intended as a practical reference resource for interested researchers to get started on autophagy studies.

Autophagy: Biology and Diseases

Author : Zheng-Hong Qin
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811506027
Total Pages : 727 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Autophagy: Biology and Diseases by : Zheng-Hong Qin

Download or read book Autophagy: Biology and Diseases written by Zheng-Hong Qin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-27 with total page 727 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book series consists of 3 volumes covering the basic science (Volume 1), clinical science (Volume 2) and the technology and methodology (Volume 3) of autophagy. Volume 1 focuses on the biology of autophagy, including the signaling pathways, regulating processes and biological functions. Autophagy is a fundamental physiological process in eukaryotic cells. It not only regulates normal cellular homeostasis, and organ development and function, but also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of human diseases. Thanks to the rapid development of molecular biology and omic technologies, research on autophagy has boomed in recent decades, and more and more cellular and animal models and state-of the-art technologies are being used to shed light on the complexity of signaling networks involved in the autophagic process. Further, its involvement in biological functions and the pathogenesis of various diseases has attracted increased attention around the globe. Presenting cutting-edge knowledge, this book series is a useful reference resource for researchers and clinicians who are working on or interested in autophagy.

Autophagy and Cancer

Author : Hong-Gang Wang
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461465613
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Autophagy and Cancer by : Hong-Gang Wang

Download or read book Autophagy and Cancer written by Hong-Gang Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-30 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the explosion of information on autophagy in cancer, this is an opportune time to speed the efforts to translate our current knowledge about autophagy regulation into better understanding of its role in cancer. This book will cover the latest advances in this area from the basics, such as the molecular machinery for autophagy induction and regulation, up to the current areas of interest such as modulation of autophagy and drug discovery for cancer prevention and treatment. The text will include an explanation on how autophagy can function in both oncogenesis and tumor suppression and a description of its function in tumor development and tumor suppression through its roles in cell survival, cell death, cell growth as well as its influences on inflammation, immunity, DNA damage, oxidative stress, tumor microenvironment, etc. The remaining chapters will cover topics on autophagy and cancer therapy. These pages will serve as a description on how the pro-survival function of autophagy may help cancer cells resist chemotherapy and radiation treatment as well as how the pro-death functions of autophagy may enhance cell death in response to cancer therapy, and how to target autophagy for cancer prevention and therapy − what to target and how to target it.

2021: Highlights in Membrane Traffic

Author : Vladimir Lupashin
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 288976804X
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis 2021: Highlights in Membrane Traffic by : Vladimir Lupashin

Download or read book 2021: Highlights in Membrane Traffic written by Vladimir Lupashin and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-08-25 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Nuclear Transport

Author : Ralph H. Kehlenbach
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Nuclear Transport by : Ralph H. Kehlenbach

Download or read book Nuclear Transport written by Ralph H. Kehlenbach and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-07-25 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both from a morphological and a functional point of view, the nucleus is central to modern cell biology. Transport of proteins and RNAs between the nucleus and the cytoplasm continues to be a fascinating research topic on its own. Furthermore, it affects many aspects of gene expression and general cellular functions and has far-reaching implications for human health. In this book, we cover a wide range of topics from the nuclear transport field. Individual chapters deal with the general concepts of nucleocytoplasmic transport, with various transport pathways like nuclear protein import, mRNA export and tRNA trafficking, and with the molecular mechanisms that govern macromolecular exchange between the two compartments. Others address new technologies that will help to answer open questions in the future. Together, we hope to provide a collection of reviews that should be useful for experts in the field, as well as for a wider audience.

Optimizing Microbial Productivity Through Experimental and Theoretical Tools

Author : Natarajan Vijayasankaran
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimizing Microbial Productivity Through Experimental and Theoretical Tools by : Natarajan Vijayasankaran

Download or read book Optimizing Microbial Productivity Through Experimental and Theoretical Tools written by Natarajan Vijayasankaran and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Case Studies in Cell Biology

Author : Merri Lynn Casem
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128016841
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Case Studies in Cell Biology by : Merri Lynn Casem

Download or read book Case Studies in Cell Biology written by Merri Lynn Casem and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-03-15 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Case Studies in Cell Biology presents real world scenarios to help readers use science process and reasoning skills. The case studies require application and analyzation of concepts beyond rote memory of biological concepts. The book is based on the student learning outcomes from the American Society for Cell Biology, offering practical application for both the classroom and research laboratory. Guides the reader in applying knowledge directly to real world scenarios Includes case studies to bridge foundational cell biological concepts to translational science Aids students in synthesizing information and applying science processes

Zebrafish at the Interface of Development and Disease Research

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128033436
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Zebrafish at the Interface of Development and Disease Research by :

Download or read book Zebrafish at the Interface of Development and Disease Research written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-03-21 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zebrafish at the Interface of Development and Disease Research presents the latest on the shared pathways that govern development and contribute to disease. Zebrafish have traditionally been used to study vertebrate development, providing interesting data on the developmental processes and genes that are implicated in disease. This new release in the series contains informative discussions on congenital heart defects in zebrafish, the use of zebrafish in studying kidney development and disease, and muscle development, homeostasis and disease in zebrafish. Each chapter interweaves the study of zebrafish development and its application to the immune system, the kidney, liver, heart and others. The subject matter is unique - no single volume has pulled together the theme of development and disease with zebrafish as a centerpiece Leading experts in the field - all of them running zebrafish focused labs for each chapter

Genetics and Genomics of Eye Disease

Author : Xiaoyi Raymond Gao
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128167270
Total Pages : 383 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetics and Genomics of Eye Disease by : Xiaoyi Raymond Gao

Download or read book Genetics and Genomics of Eye Disease written by Xiaoyi Raymond Gao and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-09-12 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetics and Genomics of Eye Disease: Advancing to Precision Medicine thoroughly examines the latest genomics methods for studying eye disease, including complex eye disorders associated with multiple genes. GWAS, WES, WGS, RNA-sequencing, and transcriptome analysis as employed in ocular genomics are discussed in-depth, as are genomics findings tied to early-onset glaucoma, strabismus, age-related macular degeneration, adult-onset glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, keratoconus, and leber congenital amaurosis, among other diseases. Research and clinical specialists offer guidance on conducting preventative screenings and counseling patients, as well as the promise of machine learning, computational statistics and artificial intelligence in advancing ocular genomics research. Offers thorough guidance on conducting genetic and genomic studies of eye disease Examines the genetic basis of a wide range of complex eye diseases and single-gene and Mendelian disorders Discusses the application of genetic testing and genetic risk prediction in eye disease diagnosis and patient counseling

Journal of Cell Science

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 680 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Journal of Cell Science by :

Download or read book Journal of Cell Science written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Master Control Genes in Development and Evolution

Author : Walter J. Gehring
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780300074093
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Master Control Genes in Development and Evolution by : Walter J. Gehring

Download or read book Master Control Genes in Development and Evolution written by Walter J. Gehring and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this fascinating book, one of the world's most eminent developmental biologists discusses some of the exciting new insights into how genes control development. Walter Gehring describes in vivid detail his essential contributions to the landmark discovery of the homeobox, a characteristic DNA segment found in the genes of all higher organisms from the fruitfly to humans, and he explains how this has provided the key to our modern understanding of development and evolution. The book thus becomes not only a lucid discussion of genetics but also an engaging description of the art of scientific investigation. Gehring begins his story by looking at the work of the many researchers who laid the foundation for the fields of molecular, cellular, and developmental biology, providing insightful vignettes of past and present investigators. He then describes his laboratory's hunt for the gene that caused odd mutations in the fruitfly--in which, for example, antennae on the head were transformed into legs. He explains that researchers eventually found that the same master control genes that dictate the body plan in flies also pattern human bodies, limbs, hands, heart, and brain. And he illustrates the universality of the genetic control of development by describing the development of the eye; eyes as different as those of humans, squids, and flies, he shows, develop under the same master control gene.

Landmark Papers in Yeast Biology

Author : Patrick Linder
Publisher : CSHL Press
ISBN 13 : 0879696435
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (796 download)

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Book Synopsis Landmark Papers in Yeast Biology by : Patrick Linder

Download or read book Landmark Papers in Yeast Biology written by Patrick Linder and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The yeasts have been important experimental organisms for more than 50 years. This volume contains over 100 selected papers, in sections with introductions that describe the process of discovery and the context and significance of the research. The selections include early classics as well as recent advances in areas such as signal transduction, membrane trafficking, protein turnover, and genomics. This book is designed as a guide for a literature-based course.

Systems and Computational Biology

Author : Ning-Sun Yang
Publisher : IntechOpen
ISBN 13 : 9789533072807
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis Systems and Computational Biology by : Ning-Sun Yang

Download or read book Systems and Computational Biology written by Ning-Sun Yang and published by IntechOpen. This book was released on 2011-09-15 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whereas some "microarray" or "bioinformatics" scientists among us may have been criticized as doing "cataloging research", the majority of us believe that we are sincerely exploring new scientific and technological systems to benefit human health, human food and animal feed production, and environmental protections. Indeed, we are humbled by the complexity, extent and beauty of cross-talks in various biological systems; on the other hand, we are becoming more educated and are able to start addressing honestly and skillfully the various important issues concerning translational medicine, global agriculture, and the environment. The two volumes of this book presents a series of high-quality research or review articles in a timely fashion to this emerging research field of our scientific community.

Computational Structural Biology

Author : Torsten Schwede
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9812778780
Total Pages : 790 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (127 download)

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Book Synopsis Computational Structural Biology by : Torsten Schwede

Download or read book Computational Structural Biology written by Torsten Schwede and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive introduction to Landau-Lifshitz equations and Landau-Lifshitz-Maxwell equations, beginning with the work by Yulin Zhou and Boling Guo in the early 1980s and including most of the work done by this Chinese group led by Zhou and Guo since. The book focuses on aspects such as the existence of weak solutions in multi dimensions, existence and uniqueness of smooth solutions in one dimension, relations with harmonic map heat flows, partial regularity and long time behaviors. The book is a valuable reference book for those who are interested in partial differential equations, geometric analysis and mathematical physics. It may also be used as an advanced textbook by graduate students in these fields.