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The Role Of Spectral Information In Foreign Accented Speech Perception
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Book Synopsis The Role of Spectral Information in Foreign-accented Speech Perception by : Michelle Kapolowicz
Download or read book The Role of Spectral Information in Foreign-accented Speech Perception written by Michelle Kapolowicz and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Source signals, vocal tract resonances and articulatory movements encode talker-specific spectral information that allows for appropriate adjustment of a listener’s perceptual system to the acoustic characteristics of a particular talker. This implicit learning of talker-specific properties is known as talker normalization. Talker normalization requires prior experience and also structured knowledge about pronunciation variation across talkers that share the same native accent to guide perception. This process becomes difficult when the talker has an accent that is perceived as foreign. Although research suggests that listeners can adapt to foreign accents, the time-course and specificity of adaptation remain unclear, especially when listeners attend to speech produced by multiple alternating foreign-accented talkers. This dissertation focuses on the role of spectral cues in the perception of foreign-accented speech. While many factors contribute to the perception of foreign-accented speech, spectral cues are of particular interest because they play an important role in talker-specific phonetic recalibration in native speech to accommodate variations in vocal tract size across talkers. Through a series of experiments, we tested the hypothesis that listeners rely on talker-specific spectral cues when adapting to foreign-accented speech. We assessed the contribution of spectral resolution to the intelligibility of foreign-accented speech by varying the number of spectral channels in a tone vocoder. We also tested listeners’ abilities to discriminate between native- and foreign-accented speech to determine the effect of reduced spectral resolution on accent detection. Results showed a greater decrease in intelligibility when spectral resolution was reduced for foreign-accented speech compared to native-accented speech. Listeners also found it harder to detect a foreign accent with spectrally reduced speech. We extended these findings by investigating the effects of changing the talker from trial to trial, a manipulation that produces a reduction in intelligibility when compared to holding the talker constant within each block of trials. We hypothesized that limiting spectral resolution when listeners were exposed to multiple foreign-accented talkers would cause a further decrease in intelligibility. This prediction was confirmed, supporting the idea that detailed spectral resolution helps to maintain the intelligibility of foreign-accented speech when listeners are exposed to multiple interleaved talkers. Listeners were able to adapt with increased exposure if they heard a single foreign-accented talker, though not to the extent observed with unprocessed natural speech. Performance was higher for native-accented speech, with no difference between single- and multiple-talker conditions. Finally, we investigated how spectral shifting of foreign-accented speech would affect intelligibility by scaling the fundamental frequency and spectral envelope to simulate multiple talkers. Consistent with results for spectrally reduced speech, intelligibility was lower in the multiple-foreign-accented talker condition compared to the single-talker condition. Introducing frequency shifts produced a drop in intelligibility to levels observed in the multiple-talker condition. Results indicate that listeners depend on spectral cues when perceiving foreign-accented speech, and that spectral information is especially important when listening to speech spoken by different foreign-accented talkers. The results support a model of foreign-accented speech perception that relies on spectral cues to adjust to the deviations between foreign-accented and native speech.
Book Synopsis The SAGE Encyclopedia of Human Communication Sciences and Disorders by : Jack S. Damico
Download or read book The SAGE Encyclopedia of Human Communication Sciences and Disorders written by Jack S. Damico and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2019-03-01 with total page 4018 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Human Communication Sciences and Disorders is an in-depth encyclopedia aimed at students interested in interdisciplinary perspectives on human communication—both normal and disordered—across the lifespan. This timely and unique set will look at the spectrum of communication disorders, from causation and prevention to testing and assessment; through rehabilitation, intervention, and education. Examples of the interdisciplinary reach of this encyclopedia: A strong focus on health issues, with topics such as Asperger′s syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, anatomy of the human larynx, dementia, etc. Including core psychology and cognitive sciences topics, such as social development, stigma, language acquisition, self-help groups, memory, depression, memory, Behaviorism, and cognitive development Education is covered in topics such as cooperative learning, special education, classroom-based service delivery The editors have recruited top researchers and clinicians across multiple fields to contribute to approximately 640 signed entries across four volumes.
Book Synopsis Speech Perception and Production in L2 by : Elena Kkese
Download or read book Speech Perception and Production in L2 written by Elena Kkese and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2022-02-22 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is concerned with studying speech perception and production in an L2. It deals with segments, syllables, and features above syllable level (the suprasegmental level). The volume brings together careful theoretical and empirical research conducted in different countries, including the United States of America, Greece, Northern Cyprus, Canada, the Republic of Cyprus, Israel, and Spain.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Speech Prosody 2008 Conference by :
Download or read book Proceedings of the Speech Prosody 2008 Conference written by and published by LBASS. This book was released on with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neural Mechanisms of Perceptual Categorization as Precursors to Speech Perception by : Einat Liebenthal
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Perceptual Categorization as Precursors to Speech Perception written by Einat Liebenthal and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-05-03 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perceptual categorization is fundamental to the brain’s remarkable ability to process large amounts of sensory information and efficiently recognize objects including speech. Perceptual categorization is the neural bridge between lower-level sensory and higher-level language processing. A long line of research on the physical properties of the speech signal as determined by the anatomy and physiology of the speech production apparatus has led to descriptions of the acoustic information that is used in speech recognition (e.g., stop consonants place and manner of articulation, voice onset time, aspiration). Recent research has also considered what visual cues are relevant to visual speech recognition (i.e., the visual counter-parts used in lipreading or audiovisual speech perception). Much of the theoretical work on speech perception was done in the twentieth century without the benefit of neuroimaging technologies and models of neural representation. Recent progress in understanding the functional organization of sensory and association cortices based on advances in neuroimaging presents the possibility of achieving a comprehensive and far reaching account of perception in the service of language. At the level of cell assemblies, research in animals and humans suggests that neurons in the temporal cortex are important for encoding biological categories. On the cellular level, different classes of neurons (interneurons and pyramidal neurons) have been suggested to play differential roles in the neural computations underlying auditory and visual categorization. The moment is ripe for a research topic focused on neural mechanisms mediating the emergence of speech representations (including auditory, visual and even somatosensory based forms). Important progress can be achieved by juxtaposing within the same research topic the knowledge that currently exists, the identified lacunae, and the theories that can support future investigations. This research topic provides a snapshot and platform for discussion of current understanding of neural mechanisms underlying the formation of perceptual categories and their relationship to language from a multidisciplinary and multisensory perspective. It includes contributions (reviews, original research, methodological developments) pertaining to the neural substrates, dynamics, and mechanisms underlying perceptual categorization and their interaction with neural processes governing speech perception.
Book Synopsis Dynamics of Speech Production and Perception by : P.L. Divenyi
Download or read book Dynamics of Speech Production and Perception written by P.L. Divenyi and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2006-09-20 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea that speech is a dynamic process is a tautology: whether from the standpoint of the talker, the listener, or the engineer, speech is an action, a sound, or a signal continuously changing in time. Yet, because phonetics and speech science are offspring of classical phonology, speech has been viewed as a sequence of discrete events-positions of the articulatory apparatus, waveform segments, and phonemes. Although this perspective has been mockingly referred to as "beads on a string", from the time of Henry Sweet's 19th century treatise almost up to our days specialists of speech science and speech technology have continued to conceptualize the speech signal as a sequence of static states interleaved with transitional elements reflecting the quasi-continuous nature of vocal production. This book, a collection of papers of which each looks at speech as a dynamic process and highlights one of its particularities, is dedicated to the memory of Ludmilla Andreevna Chistovich. At the outset, it was planned to be a Chistovich festschrift but, sadly, she passed away a few months before the book went to press. The 24 chapters of this volume testify to the enormous influence that she and her colleagues have had over the four decades since the publication of their 1965 monograph.
Book Synopsis The effect of hearing loss on neural processing by : Jonathan E. Peelle
Download or read book The effect of hearing loss on neural processing written by Jonathan E. Peelle and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-06-03 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Efficient auditory processing requires the rapid integration of transient sensory inputs. This is exemplified in human speech perception, in which long stretches of a complex acoustic signal are typically processed accurately and essentially in real-time. Spoken language thus presents listeners’ auditory systems with a considerable challenge even when acoustic input is clear. However, auditory processing ability is frequently compromised due to congenital or acquired hearing loss, or altered through background noise or assistive devices such as cochlear implants. How does loss of sensory fidelity impact neural processing, efficiency, and health? How does this ultimately influence behavior? This Research Topic explores the neural consequences of hearing loss, including basic processing carried out in the auditory periphery, computations in subcortical nuclei and primary auditory cortex, and higher-level cognitive processes such as those involved in human speech perception. By pulling together data from a variety of disciplines and perspectives, we gain a more complete picture of the acute and chronic consequences of hearing loss for neural functioning.
Book Synopsis Individual Differences in Plasticity in Speech Perception by : Donghyun Kim
Download or read book Individual Differences in Plasticity in Speech Perception written by Donghyun Kim and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The current dissertation addresses individual differences in plasticity in speech perception under adverse conditions. Although speech sounds are highly variable and listeners may have limited cognitive resources under challenging conditions, listeners are shown to overcome these challenges by flexibly adapting to varying contextual demands and achieve perceptual constancy. As such, understanding how listeners cope with adverse conditions is a fundamental issue for better understanding the perceptual processes and cognitive mechanisms underlying speech perception. Most studies of perceptual adaptation in speech have thus far typically reported on group level observations, which may mask considerable differences in how individual listeners adapt. This dissertation addresses these issues by examining the mechanisms underlying adaptive plasticity in speech perception using an individual differences approach.Study 1 examines whether listeners flexibly adapt to unfamiliar speech patterns such as those encountered in foreign-accented English vowels. In these cases, the relative informativeness of acoustic dimensions (spectral quality vs. duration) can be changed such that the most informative dimension (spectral quality) is no longer informative, but the role of the secondary dimension (duration) is enhanced. Results showed that listeners flexibly adapt to unfamiliar speech sounds by increasing reliance on less informative acoustic dimensions when the most informative acoustic dimension is no longer useful. Results also showed that individual listeners varied widely in patterns of perceptual adaptation and these differences in adaptive strategies were linked to individual differences in cognitive abilities (i.e., inhibitory control). Study 2 investigates how and to what extent speech perception abilities are modulated under cognitive load and whether individuals differ in the extent to which they adjust their cue weighting strategies in the utilization of multiple acoustic cues to cope with this adverse condition. Results revealed that listeners overall showed increased cue weights, which may be interpreted as compensatory cue weighting strategies to adapt to phonetic categories under cognitive load. However, there were large individual differences in the extent to which these compensatory strategies manifested and these differences were associated with individual listeners' cognitive abilities (i.e., working memory and inhibitory control). Taken together, the present dissertation showed that listeners are remarkably flexible in adapting their phonetic categories to cope with challenging conditions. This dissertation also showed that individual listeners differed substantially in the extent to which they made adjustments of their cue weighting strategies under adverse conditions and these differences are related to higher-level cognitive functions. These findings provide insights into the interplay between speech perception and cognitive processes, leading to a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying plasticity in speech perception." --
Book Synopsis Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts by :
Download or read book Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Listening to Speech by : Steven Greenberg
Download or read book Listening to Speech written by Steven Greenberg and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human species is largely defined by its use of spoken language, so integral is speech communication to behavior and social interaction. Despite its importance in everyday life, comparatively little is known about the auditory mechanisms that underlie the ability to understand language. The current volume examines the perception and processing of speech from the perspective of the hearing system. The chapters in this book describe a comprehensive set of approaches to the scientific study of speech and hearing, ranging from anatomy and physiology, to psychophysics and perception, and computational modeling. The auditory basis of speech is examined within a biological and an evolutionary context, and its relevance to applied domains such as communication disorders and speech technology discussed in detail. This volume will be of interest to scientists, engineers, and clinicians whose professional work pertains to any aspect of spoken language or hearing science.
Book Synopsis Second Language Processing by : Nan Jiang
Download or read book Second Language Processing written by Nan Jiang and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-03-19 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Second Language Processing: An Introduction is the first textbook to offer a thorough introduction to the field of second language processing (SLP). The study of SLP seeks to illuminate the cognitive processes underlying the processing of a non-native language. While current literature tends to focus on one topic or area of research, this textbook aims to bring these different research strands together in a single volume, elucidating their particularities while also demonstrating the relationships between them. The book begins by outlining what is entailed in the study of SLP, how it relates to other fields of study, and some of the main issues shared across its subareas. It then moves into an exploration of the three major areas of current research in the field—phonological processing, lexical processing, and sentence processing. Each chapter provides a broad overview of the topic and covers the major research methods, models, and studies germane to that area of study. Ideal for students and researchers working in this growing field, Second Language Processing will serve as the go-to guide for a complete examination of the major topics of study in SLP.
Book Synopsis Second Language Speech Learning by : Ratree Wayland
Download or read book Second Language Speech Learning written by Ratree Wayland and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-04 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Including contributions from a team of world-renowned international scholars, this volume is a state-of-the-art survey of second language speech research, showcasing new empirical studies alongside critical reviews of existing influential speech learning models. It presents a revised version of Flege's Speech Learning Model (SLM-r) for the first time, an update on a cornerstone of second language research. Chapters are grouped into five thematic areas: theoretical progress, segmental acquisition, acquiring suprasegmental features, accentedness and acoustic features, and cognitive and psychological variables. Every chapter provides new empirical evidence, offering new insights as well as challenges on aspects of the second language speech acquisition process. Comprehensive in its coverage, this book summarises the state of current research in second language phonology, and aims to shape and inspire future research in the field. It is an essential resource for academic researchers and students of second language acquisition, applied linguistics and phonetics and phonology.
Book Synopsis The Handbook of Speech Perception by : David Pisoni
Download or read book The Handbook of Speech Perception written by David Pisoni and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Speech Perception is a collection of forward-looking articles that offer a summary of the technical and theoretical accomplishments in this vital area of research on language. Now available in paperback, this uniquely comprehensive companion brings together in one volume the latest research conducted in speech perception Contains original contributions by leading researchers in the field Illustrates technical and theoretical accomplishments and challenges across the field of research and language Adds to a growing understanding of the far-reaching relevance of speech perception in the fields of phonetics, audiology and speech science, cognitive science, experimental psychology, behavioral neuroscience, computer science, and electrical engineering, among others.
Book Synopsis The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America by : Acoustical Society of America
Download or read book The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America written by Acoustical Society of America and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis New perspectives on the role of sensory feedback in speech production by : John Houde
Download or read book New perspectives on the role of sensory feedback in speech production written by John Houde and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-05 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Speech Processing Lexicon by : Aditi Lahiri
Download or read book The Speech Processing Lexicon written by Aditi Lahiri and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2017-04-10 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, some of today’s leading neurolinguists and psycholinguists provide insight into the nature of phonological processing using behavioural measures, computational modeling, EEG and fMRI. The essays cover a range of topics including categorization, acoustic variability and invariance, underspecification, talker-specificity and machine learning, focusing on the acoustics, perception, acquisition and neural representation of speech.
Book Synopsis Second Language Speech by : Laura Colantoni
Download or read book Second Language Speech written by Laura Colantoni and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-09-10 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Second language acquisition has rapidly grown as a field over the past decade, as our knowledge of the ways in which children and adults learn and use a second language has become crucial for effective language teaching. In addition to this important 'applied' function, research into second language acquisition has also informed the fields of linguistics and psychology in general, as it has shed light on the differences between native and non-native models of human language and cognition. The focus of this accessible new book is second language speech - that is, how speakers perceive, process, understand and pronounce the sounds of a second language. Each chapter includes review questions, and most chapters include 'tutorial' and 'lab' sections with practical exercises based on the University of Toronto Romance Phonetics Database (available online for free). The book also has a companion website, containing illustrated answers to the exercises, scripts for running acoustic analyses and useful weblinks.
