The Role Of Language In Broader Human Cognition

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The Role of Language in Broader Human Cognition

Author : Anna Alexandrovna Ivanova
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)

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Book Synopsis The Role of Language in Broader Human Cognition by : Anna Alexandrovna Ivanova

Download or read book The Role of Language in Broader Human Cognition written by Anna Alexandrovna Ivanova and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many philosophers, psychologists, biologists, computer scientists, and linguists have argued that language processing serves as a foundation for human cognition. However, evidence from neuroscience has shown that language might rely on specialized cognitive mechanisms that are distinct from many aspects of human thought. In this thesis, I use cognitive neuroscience to test the limits of the brain's functional specialization for language processing. In Chapter 1, I describe how evidence from neuroscience can illuminate the relationship between language and other cognitive functions. In Chapter 2, I investigate activity in the brain's language network in response to computer code, an input that shares many structural similarities with natural language. I find that, despite these similarities, the language network responds weakly or not at all during computer code comprehension; instead, this process elicits responses in brain areas of a distinct, domain-general multiple demand network. In Chapter 3 and Chapter 4, I study the language network's responses to pictures of objects and events during semantic tasks, which, like language comprehension, require access to conceptual information. I show that the language network does not respond during an object semantics task and that its responses to event semantics are not causally important for performing the task. In Chapter 5, I describe a set of brain regions that respond to semantic demand regardless of stimulus type (sentences vs. pictures) and show that they are distinct from both the language network and the domain-general multiple demand network. Finally, in Chapter 6, I discuss the implications of my work for a neuroscience-informed account of the mechanisms underlying human cognition and language use. My work establishes that language processing mechanisms are largely distinct from mechanisms that support the processing of non-linguistic structure and meaning, even for closely matched inputs, and helps further delineate the functional architecture of the human mind.

Language and Cognition

Author : Kuniyoshi L. Sakai
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889196275
Total Pages : 127 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Language and Cognition by : Kuniyoshi L. Sakai

Download or read book Language and Cognition written by Kuniyoshi L. Sakai and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-07-07 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interaction between language and cognition remains an unsolved scientific problem. What are the differences in neural mechanisms of language and cognition? Why do children acquire language by the age of six, while taking a lifetime to acquire cognition? What is the role of language and cognition in thinking? Is abstract cognition possible without language? Is language just a communication device, or is it fundamental in developing thoughts? Why are there no animals with human thinking but without human language? Combinations even among 100 words and 100 objects (multiple words can represent multiple objects) exceed the number of all the particles in the Universe, and it seems that no amount of experience would suffice to learn these associations. How does human brain overcome this difficulty? Since the 19th century we know about involvement of Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas in language. What new knowledge of language and cognition areas has been found with fMRI and other brain imaging methods? Every year we know more about their anatomical and functional/effective connectivity. What can be inferred about mechanisms of their interaction, and about their functions in language and cognition? Why does the human brain show hemispheric (i.e., left or right) dominance for some specific linguistic and cognitive processes? Is understanding of language and cognition processed in the same brain area, or are there differences in language-semantic and cognitive-semantic brain areas? Is the syntactic process related to the structure of our conceptual world? Chomsky has suggested that language is separable from cognition. On the opposite, cognitive and construction linguistics emphasized a single mechanism of both. Neither has led to a computational theory so far. Evolutionary linguistics has emphasized evolution leading to a mechanism of language acquisition, yet proposed approaches also lead to incomputable complexity. There are some more related issues in linguistics and language education as well. Which brain regions govern phonology, lexicon, semantics, and syntax systems, as well as their acquisitions? What are the differences in acquisition of the first and second languages? Which mechanisms of cognition are involved in reading and writing? Are different writing systems affect relations between language and cognition? Are there differences in language-cognition interactions among different language groups (such as Indo-European, Chinese, Japanese, Semitic) and types (different degrees of analytic-isolating, synthetic-inflected, fused, agglutinative features)? What can be learned from sign languages? Rizzolatti and Arbib have proposed that language evolved on top of earlier mirror-neuron mechanism. Can this proposal answer the unknown questions about language and cognition? Can it explain mechanisms of language-cognition interaction? How does it relate to known brain areas and their interactions identified in brain imaging? Emotional and conceptual contents of voice sounds in animals are fused. Evolution of human language has demanded splitting of emotional and conceptual contents and mechanisms, although language prosody still carries emotional content. Is it a dying-off remnant, or is it fundamental for interaction between language and cognition? If language and cognitive mechanisms differ, unifying these two contents requires motivation, hence emotions. What are these emotions? Can they be measured? Tonal languages use pitch contours for semantic contents, are there differences in language-cognition interaction among tonal and atonal languages? Are emotional differences among cultures exclusively cultural, or also depend on languages? Interaction of language and cognition is thus full of mysteries, and we encourage papers addressing any aspect of this topic.

Psycholinguistics and Cognition in Language Processing

Author : Bu?a, Duygu
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1522540105
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (225 download)

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Book Synopsis Psycholinguistics and Cognition in Language Processing by : Bu?a, Duygu

Download or read book Psycholinguistics and Cognition in Language Processing written by Bu?a, Duygu and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2018-03-02 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relationship between language and psychology is one that has been studied for centuries. Influencing one another, these two fields uncover how the human mind's processes are interrelated. Psycholinguistics and Cognition in Language Processing is a critical scholarly resource that examines the mystery of language and the obscurity of psychology using innovative studies. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics, such as language acquisition, emotional aspects in foreign language learning, and speech learning model, this book is geared towards linguists, academicians, practitioners, and researchers, seeking current research on the cognitive and emotional synthetisation of multilingualism.

Language in Cognition and Affect

Author : Ewa Piechurska-Kuciel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642353053
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Language in Cognition and Affect by : Ewa Piechurska-Kuciel

Download or read book Language in Cognition and Affect written by Ewa Piechurska-Kuciel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-01-30 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume contains most updated theoretical and empirical research on foreign or second language processes analyzed from the perspective of cognition and affect. It consists of articles devoted to various issued related to such broad topics as gender, literacy, translation or culture, to mention a few. The collection of papers offers a constructive and inspiring insight into a fuller understanding of the interconnection of the language-cognition-affect trichotomy.

I-Language

Author : Daniela Isac
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 9780191538612
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (386 download)

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Book Synopsis I-Language by : Daniela Isac

Download or read book I-Language written by Daniela Isac and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2008-04-24 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I-Language introduces the uninitiated to linguistics as cognitive science. In an engaging, down-to-earth style Daniela Isac and Charles Reiss give a crystal-clear demonstration of the application of the scientific method in linguistic theory. Their presentation of the research programme inspired and led by Noam Chomsky shows how the focus of theory and research in linguistics shifted from treating language as a disembodied, human-external entity to cognitive biolinguistics - the study of language as a human cognitive system embedded within the mind/brain of each individual. The recurring theme of equivalence classes in linguistic computation ties together the presentation of material from phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. The same theme is used to help students understand the place of linguistics in the broader context of the cognitive sciences, by drawing on examples from vision, audition, and even animal cognition. This textbook is unique in its integration of empirical issues of linguistic analysis, engagement with philosophical questions that arise in the study of language, and treatment of the history of the field. Topics ranging from allophony to reduplication, ergativity, and negative polarity are invoked to show the implications of findings in cognitive biolinguistics for philosophical issues like reference, the mind-body problem, and nature-nurture debates. This textbook contains numerous exercises and guides for further reading as well as ideas for student projects. A companion website with guidance for instructors and answers to the exercises features a series of pdf slide presentations to accompany the teaching of each topic.

Verbal Minds

Author : Antoni Gomila
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0123852005
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis Verbal Minds by : Antoni Gomila

Download or read book Verbal Minds written by Antoni Gomila and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-12-05 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Language has most consistently been chosen as the key to understanding the human mind and to providing the building blocks necessary for achieving other specificities in human cognition: abstract/propositional thought, recursivity, decoupling of current situation, creativity, and conscious control. It is not so clear how language influences human cognition. This book discusses research regarding verbal ability and cognition.

Verbal Minds

Author : Toni Gomila
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0123852013
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis Verbal Minds by : Toni Gomila

Download or read book Verbal Minds written by Toni Gomila and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-12-05 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ten years ago, the hegemonic idea was that language was a kind of independent module within the mind, a sort of "print-out" of whatever cognitive activity was taking place, but without any influence whatsoever in that activity. While this view is still held, evidence amassed in the last 10 years suggests another view of their inter-relationships, even though exactly which one is not clear yet, in part because of the lack of a unified view, and in part because of the inertia of the previous position, in part because all this evidence must be considered together. An increasing number of researchers are paying attention to the issues involved as the human language specificity may provide a clue to understand what makes humans "smart," to account for the singularities of human cognition. This book provides a comprehensive review of the multiple developments that have taken place in the last 10 years on the question of the relationships between language and thought and integrates them into a coherent framework. It will be relevant for anyone working in the sciences of languages. Synthesizes recent research Provides an integrated view of cognitive architecture Explains the relationships between language and thought

Language and Social Cognition

Author : Hanna Pishwa
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110205866
Total Pages : 483 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Language and Social Cognition by : Hanna Pishwa

Download or read book Language and Social Cognition written by Hanna Pishwa and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2009 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a collection of 16 papers, eminent scholars from several disciplines present diverse and yet cohering perspectives on the expression of social knowledge, its acquisition and management. Hence, the volume is an attempt to view the social functions of language in a novel, systematic way. Such an approach has been missing due to the complexity of the matter and the emphasis on purely cognitive properties of language. The volume starts with a presentation of overarching issues of the social nature of humans and their language, providing strong evidence for the social fundaments of human nature and their reflection in language and culture. The second section demonstrates how social functions can be displayed in discourse by using language play and humor, irony and attributions as well as references to social schemas. The chapters in the third part examine a wide range of particular linguistic elements carrying social-cognitive functions. An important finding is that social-cognitive functions have to be inferred on the basis of social knowledge, frequently with the help of non-verbal cues, since languages offer only few direct expressions for them. In other words, linguistic devices used to express social content tend to be multifunctional. Interestingly, this multifunctionality does not prevent their rapid recognition. The volume presents valuable information to linguists by widening the cognitive-linguistic framework and by contributing to a better understanding of the role of pragmatics. It is also beneficial to social and cognitive psychologists by offering a broader view on the encoding and decoding of social aspects. Finally, it offers a number of fruitful ideas to students of cultural and communication studies.

Entrenchment and the Psychology of Language Learning

Author : Hans-Jörg Schmid
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110341425
Total Pages : 483 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Entrenchment and the Psychology of Language Learning by : Hans-Jörg Schmid

Download or read book Entrenchment and the Psychology of Language Learning written by Hans-Jörg Schmid and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2016-12-19 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, linguists have increasingly turned to the cognitive sciences to broaden their investigation into the roots and development of language. With the advent of cognitive-linguistic, usage-based and complex-adaptive models of language, linguists today are utilizing approaches and insights from cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, social psychology and other related fields. A key result of this interdisciplinary approach is the concept of entrenchment—the ongoing reorganization and adaptation of communicative knowledge. Entrenchment posits that our linguistic knowledge is continuously refreshed and reorganized under the influence of social interactions. It is part of a larger, ongoing process of lifelong cognitive reorganization whose course and quality is conditioned by exposure to and use of language, and by the application of cognitive abilities and processes to language. This volume enlists more than two dozen experts in the fields of linguistics, psycholinguistics, neurology, and cognitive psychology in providing a realistic picture of the psychological and linguistic foundations of language. Contributors examine the psychological foundations of linguistic entrenchment processes, and the role of entrenchment in first-language acquisition, second language learning, and language attrition. Critical views of entrenchment and some of its premises and implications are discussed from the perspective of dynamic complexity theory and radical embodied cognitive science.

Cognitive Neuroscience of Language

Author : David Kemmerer
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317653165
Total Pages : 623 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Neuroscience of Language by : David Kemmerer

Download or read book Cognitive Neuroscience of Language written by David Kemmerer and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-11-20 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Language is one of our most precious and uniquely human capacities, so it is not surprising that research on its neural substrates has been advancing quite rapidly in recent years. Until now, however, there has not been a single introductory textbook that focuses specifically on this topic. Cognitive Neuroscience of Language fills that gap by providing an up-to-date, wide-ranging, and pedagogically practical survey of the most important developments in the field. It guides students through all of the major areas of investigation, beginning with fundamental aspects of brain structure and function, and then proceeding to cover aphasia syndromes, the perception and production of speech, the processing of language in written and signed modalities, the meanings of words, and the formulation and comprehension of complex expressions, including grammatically inflected words, complete sentences, and entire stories. Drawing heavily on prominent theoretical models, the core chapters illustrate how such frameworks are supported, and sometimes challenged, by experiments employing diverse brain mapping techniques. Although much of the content is inherently challenging and intended primarily for graduate or upper-level undergraduate students, it requires no previous knowledge of either neuroscience or linguistics, defining technical terms and explaining important principles from both disciplines along the way.

Words and the Mind

Author : Barbara Malt
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195311124
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Words and the Mind by : Barbara Malt

Download or read book Words and the Mind written by Barbara Malt and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-03 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of word meanings promises important insights into the nature of the human mind by revealing what people find to be most cognitively significant in their experience. However, as we learn more about the semantics of various languages, we are faced with an interesting problem. Different languages seem to be telling us different stories about the mind. For example, important distinctions made in one language are not necessarily made in others. What are we to make of these cross-linguistic differences? How do they arise? Are they created by purely linguistic processes operating over the course of language evolution? Or do they reflect fundamental differences in thought? In this sea of differences, are there any semantic universals? Which categories might be given by the genes, which by culture, and which by language? And what might the cross-linguistic similarities and differences contribute to our understanding of conceptual and linguistic development? The kinds of mapping principles, structures, and processes that link language and non-linguistic knowledge must accommodate not just one language but the rich diversity that has been uncovered.The integration of knowledge and methodologies necessary for real progress in answering these questions has happened only recently, as experimental approaches have been applied to the cross-linguistic study of word meaning. In Words and the Mind, Barbara Malt and Phillip Wolff present evidence from the leading researchers who are carrying out this empirical work on topics as diverse as spatial relations, events, emotion terms, motion events, objects, body-part terms, causation, color categories, and relational categories. By bringing them together, Malt and Wolff highlight some of the most exciting cross-linguistic and cross-cultural work on the language-thought interface, from a broad array of fields including linguistics, anthropology, cognitive and developmental psychology, and cognitive neuropsychology. Their results provide some answers to these questions and new perspectives on the issues surrounding them.

Cognition and Communication in the Evolution of Language

Author : Anne Reboul
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192549189
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognition and Communication in the Evolution of Language by : Anne Reboul

Download or read book Cognition and Communication in the Evolution of Language written by Anne Reboul and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-16 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes a new two-step approach to the evolution of language, whereby syntax first evolved as an auto-organizational process for the human conceptual apparatus (as a Language of Thought), and this Language of Thought was then externalized for communication, owing to social selection pressures. Anne Reboul first argues that, despite the routine use of language in communication, current use is not a failsafe guide to adaptive history. She points out that human cognition is as unique in nature as is language as a communication system, suggesting deep links between human thought and language. If language is seen as a communication system, then the specificities of language, its hierarchical syntax, its creativity, and the ability to use it to talk about absent objects, are a mystery. This book shows that approaching language as a system for thought overcomes these problems, and provides a detailed account of both steps in the evolution of language: its evolution for thought and its externalization for communication.

Communication and Affect

Author : Patricia Pliner
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 1483270343
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Communication and Affect by : Patricia Pliner

Download or read book Communication and Affect written by Patricia Pliner and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Communication and Affect: Language and Thought is a collection of papers presented at the second symposium on Communication and Affect held at Erindale College, University of Toronto, in March 1972. This volume contains a series of papers dealing with neobehavioristic approach to language and thought. The individual papers represent a broad spectrum of topics that are linked by their common neobehavioristic methodology and by their subject matter dealing with human verbal and symbolic behavior. Topics discussed in the compendium include the linguistic concept of marked and unmarked attributes and its relation to cognitive structure and affect; a comparison of the pictorial and verbal modes of representing information; the evolution of human cognition; empirical and theoretical approaches to the question of localization of language functions in the human brain; and the nature of implicit communications in experimental situations. Psychologists, behavioral scientists, linguists, and researchers in the field of human communication will find the book invaluable.

Language and Meaning in Cognitive Science

Author : Andy Clark
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136525394
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis Language and Meaning in Cognitive Science by : Andy Clark

Download or read book Language and Meaning in Cognitive Science written by Andy Clark and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-11-12 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizes and illuminates two decades of research Gathering important papers by both philosophers and scientists, this collection illuminates the central themes that have arisen during the last two decades of work on the conceptual foundations of artificial intelligence and cognitive science. Each volume begins with a comprehensive introduction that places the coverage in a broader perspective and links it with material in the companion volumes. The collection is of interest in many disciplines including computer science, linguistics, biology, information science, psychology, neuroscience, iconography, and philosophy. Examines initial efforts and the latest controversies The topics covered range from the bedrock assumptions of the computational approach to understanding the mind, to the more recent debates concerning cognitive architectures, all the way to the latest developments in robotics, artificial life, and dynamical systems theory. The collection first examines the lineage of major research programs, beginning with the basic idea of machine intelligence itself, then focuses on specific aspects of thought and intelligence, highlighting the much-discussed issue of consciousness, the equally important, but less densely researched issue of emotional response, and the more traditionally philosophical topic of language and meaning. Provides a gamut of perspectives The editors have included several articles that challenge crucial elements of the familiar research program of cognitive science, as well as important writings whose previous circulation has been limited. Within each volume the papers are organized to reflect a variety of research programs and issues. The substantive introductions that accompany each volume further organize the material and provide readers with a working sense of the issues and the connection between articles.

Language and Thought

Author : Peter Carruthers
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521637589
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (375 download)

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Book Synopsis Language and Thought by : Peter Carruthers

Download or read book Language and Thought written by Peter Carruthers and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-08-06 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This distinguished collection of essays explores the place of natural language in human cognition.

Cognition and Pragmatics

Author : Dominiek Sandra
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9027207801
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognition and Pragmatics by : Dominiek Sandra

Download or read book Cognition and Pragmatics written by Dominiek Sandra and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ten volumes of "Handbook of Pragmatics Highlights" focus on the most salient topics in the field of pragmatics, thus dividing its wide interdisciplinary spectrum in a transparent and manageable way. While other volumes select philosophical, grammatical, social, variational, interactional, or discursive angles, this third volume focuses on the interface between language and cognition. Language use is impossible without the mobilization of a large variety of cognitive processes, each serving a different purpose. During the last half century cognitive approaches to language have been particularly successful, and the broad spectrum of contributions to this volume testify to this success. As cognitive approaches to language are by definition a subset of the larger enterprise of cognitive science, a contribution on this general topic sets the stage. This is joined by a chapter on cognitive grammar, a theoretical study of the architecture of human language that is deeply inspired by general cognitive principles. A chapter on experimentation offers a crash-course on basic issues of experimental design and on the rationale behind statistical testing in general and the most important statistical tests in particular, offering a methodological toolkit for understanding many of the other contributions. Different chapters cover a broad range of topics: language acquisition, psycholinguistics, specialized topics within the latter field (e.g. the bilingual mental lexicon, categorization), and aspects of language awareness. Some chapters home in on what have become indispensible perspectives on the cognitive underpinnings of language: the way language is represented and processed in the human brain and simulation studies. The ever-growing success of the latter type of studies is exemplified, for instance, by the highly flourishing connectionist tradition and the more general paradigm of artificial intelligence, each of which is dealt with in a separate contribution.

The Oxford Handbook of Language Production

Author : Matthew Goldrick
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199393451
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Language Production by : Matthew Goldrick

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Language Production written by Matthew Goldrick and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-11 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Language Production provides a comprehensive, multidisciplinary review of the complex mechanisms involved in language production. It describes what we know of the computational, linguistic, cognitive, and brain bases of human language production - from how we conceive the messages we aim to convey, to how we retrieve the right (and sometimes wrong) words, how we form grammatical sentences, and how we assemble and articulate individual sounds, letters, and gestures. Contributions from leading psycholinguists, linguists, and neuroscientists offer readers a broad perspective on the latest research, highlighting key investigations into core aspects of human language processing. The Handbook is organized into three sections: speaking, written and sign languages, and how language production interfaces with the wider cognitive system, including control processes, memory, non-linguistic gestures, and the perceptual system. These chapters discuss a wide array of levels of representation, from sentences to individual words, speech sounds and articulatory gestures, extending to discourse and the broader social context of speaking. Detailed supporting chapters provide an overview of key issues in linguistic structure at each level of representation. Authoritative yet concisely written, the volume will be of interest to scholars and students working in cognitive psychology, psycholinguistics, cognitive neuroscience, computer science, audiology, and education, and related fields.