The Role of Informal Sources of Information in the Polish Consumer Market

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis The Role of Informal Sources of Information in the Polish Consumer Market by : Jacek Wójcik

Download or read book The Role of Informal Sources of Information in the Polish Consumer Market written by Jacek Wójcik and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper presents results of the research conducted in 2009 with the participation of 466 Internet users via an online survey. The research showed that consumers before the purchase utilize formal sources of information about the product more often than informal ones. Nevertheless, the more they refer to the formal sources, the more they refer to the informal ones. It was also proved that in the tested group the place of residence, the time spent using the Internet and the value of a product had an influence on the prevalence of formal sources. The Internet influenced the purchase processes both by the development of e-commerce and by providing customers with an easy access to information about products. Therefore, apart from online purchases one should also take into consideration the ROPO effect (i.e. Research Online Purchase Offline). It has been confirmed by numerous studies. According to Forrester Research, online research influenced a striking 42% of online and offline sales in 2009 (eMarketer, 2010a). The research conducted among the customers of popular Polish chain stores offering consumer electronics and home appliances showed that 64% of respondents looked for information about products on the Internet before the purchase (Google & TNS OBOP, 2008). Other studies carried out among Polish Internet users showed that the web is a key source of information on products for 78% of them (Gazeta.pl & Next, 2010). Customers' buying behaviour regarding information search and conducting a transaction may vary depending on whether the product was a search or experience good (Huang, Lurie and Mitra, 2009), the availability of channels (Young-Hyuck & Hyung-Jin Park, 2008) and the consumer's ability to retrieve the information (Kurozovich, Viswabathan, Agrwal, Gosain and Weitzman, 2008). Numerous studies have demonstrated that informal sources of information play a vital role in the purchase process. According to the research quoted by eMarketer, American online moms put their faith in consumer reviews nearly 12 times more than in descriptions provided by the manufacturer. Other studies presented by the company show that the most credible source of information about a brand on a social networking website is a customer and finally a brand itself. The cultural aspect is also very important. Consumers from Eastern Europe put more trust in consumer-based word-for-mouth than Asian or South American customers, staying more sceptical about the brand as a source of information (eMarketer, 2010c).

International Marketing Management

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Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3486709224
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis International Marketing Management by : Mario Glowik

Download or read book International Marketing Management written by Mario Glowik and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2012-09-18 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades, against the background of integrated global trade patterns, the complexity of international marketing and management has increased enormously. Accordingly, the momentum of business opportunities and challenges has accelerated, and a firm has to continuously evaluate its market environment in order to make adjustments that reflect the firm’s individual strengths and weaknesses. This book takes as its perspective that the customer undoubtedly is positioned in the center of the firm’s overall management activities. True understanding of the customer requires efficient marketing research about the firm’s international business environment. As discussed in the first chapters of the book, the firm’s business success depends in part on its ethical standards; thus awareness of its environmental and social responsibility is required. The following chapters concentrate on various aspects of culturally biased customer behavior and how the firm ensures sensitivity when planning and selecting its marketing strategies. The most efficient techniques of international market segmentation, targeting, and strategic competitive positioning are introduced. Furthermore, concepts of consumer loyalty programs and their implementation in diversified international markets are presented. An important part is dedicated to describing suitable mixes of marketing policies for firms operating in culturally heterogeneous international markets. Finally, forecasting changes in consumer behavior as a tool of planning international marketing activities is taken into consideration. Marketing control mechanisms that seek to increase efficiency of selected marketing activities further contribute to the valuable insights of this publication. Overall, the authors' intention is to combine the newest theoretical concepts with pragmatic decisions made by firms. The book is particularly suitable for undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in international marketing, strategic and cultural management. Executives and practitioners involved in business can take fundamental and updated knowledge from this publication, which hopefully will improve their competitive positions against their rivals in the global arena.

The Long Shadow of Informality

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464817545
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis The Long Shadow of Informality by : Franziska Ohnsorge

Download or read book The Long Shadow of Informality written by Franziska Ohnsorge and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2022-02-09 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large percentage of workers and firms operate in the informal economy, outside the line of sight of governments in emerging market and developing economies. This may hold back the recovery in these economies from the deep recessions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic--unless governments adopt a broad set of policies to address the challenges of widespread informality. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of the extent of informality and its implications for a durable economic recovery and for long-term development. It finds that pervasive informality is associated with significantly weaker economic outcomes--including lower government resources to combat recessions, lower per capita incomes, greater poverty, less financial development, and weaker investment and productivity.

The Global Findex Database 2017

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464812683
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis The Global Findex Database 2017 by : Asli Demirguc-Kunt

Download or read book The Global Findex Database 2017 written by Asli Demirguc-Kunt and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2011 the World Bank—with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation—launched the Global Findex database, the world's most comprehensive data set on how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. Drawing on survey data collected in collaboration with Gallup, Inc., the Global Findex database covers more than 140 economies around the world. The initial survey round was followed by a second one in 2014 and by a third in 2017. Compiled using nationally representative surveys of more than 150,000 adults age 15 and above in over 140 economies, The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution includes updated indicators on access to and use of formal and informal financial services. It has additional data on the use of financial technology (or fintech), including the use of mobile phones and the Internet to conduct financial transactions. The data reveal opportunities to expand access to financial services among people who do not have an account—the unbanked—as well as to promote greater use of digital financial services among those who do have an account. The Global Findex database has become a mainstay of global efforts to promote financial inclusion. In addition to being widely cited by scholars and development practitioners, Global Findex data are used to track progress toward the World Bank goal of Universal Financial Access by 2020 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The database, the full text of the report, and the underlying country-level data for all figures—along with the questionnaire, the survey methodology, and other relevant materials—are available at www.worldbank.org/globalfindex.

Tax Evasion and the Shadow Economy

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Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1781006741
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Tax Evasion and the Shadow Economy by : Michael Pickhardt

Download or read book Tax Evasion and the Shadow Economy written by Michael Pickhardt and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues such as tax evasion and the size and impact of the shadow economy have ranked highly in political and economic policy debates across the globe in recent years. Yet, despite various methodological advances and growing empirical evidence, there are still large areas of interest that have not been explored, or where scientific research efforts are still in their infancy. This timely book addresses such issues from various perspectives in order to demonstrate the extent and scope of tax evasion, the shadow economy and their interaction. Leading scholars examine recent evidence from theoretical and empirical research on tax compliance and tax evasion, and provide an in-depth analysis of underlying methods. Strategies to fight tax evasion are evaluated and the motivations behind it are explored, as are the impact and size of the shadow economy in Europe. As well as promoting a better understanding of the issues, this book intends to stimulate further debate and, in so doing, broaden the exchange of ideas and concepts. Comparing and contrasting differences and common elements of both tax evasion and the shadow economy, this unique book will prove a fascinating and enlightening read for scholars of economics in general, and public sector, public choice and Austrian economics more specifically. Professionals in ministries of finance and national offices of statistics, dealing with tax evasion will also find the book to be an illuminating read.

Stabilization and Structural Adjustment in Poland

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135091757
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Stabilization and Structural Adjustment in Poland by : Henryk Kierzkowski

Download or read book Stabilization and Structural Adjustment in Poland written by Henryk Kierzkowski and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Solidarity-led government which came into power in Poland in Autumn 1989 faced two enormous tasks. First, to stabilize an economy prone to hyperflation. Second, to replace a crumbling command system in favour of a market mechanism, in a country whose market institutions had been destroyed under forty years of communist rule. This book recounts the events of this period and the course taken by the new government, and analyzes the significance of this for the transition process in Poland and elsewhere.

Transformational Entrepreneurship

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351051326
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Transformational Entrepreneurship by : Vanessa Ratten

Download or read book Transformational Entrepreneurship written by Vanessa Ratten and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-08-06 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To achieve progress in society and business practices, more entrepreneurship is needed to encourage action and enhance social capital in society, and transformational entrepreneurship may be the key. Transformational entrepreneurship offers a way of integrating sustainability practices whilst focusing on sustainable future trends. This book discusses how transformational entrepreneurship uses novel business practices to reduce inequality in the marketplace and how it transforms society through creative solutions that enable change. The book provides useful insight into better understanding this emerging concept.

4 th International Conference on Lifelong Education and Leadership for ALL-ICLEL 2018

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Publisher : Prof. Dr. Osman TITREK Asst. Prof. Dr. Agniezska ZEMBRZUSKA Res. Assist. Gozde SEZEN-GULTEKIN
ISBN 13 : 6056649539
Total Pages : 942 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (566 download)

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Book Synopsis 4 th International Conference on Lifelong Education and Leadership for ALL-ICLEL 2018 by : Prof. Dr. Osman TITREK

Download or read book 4 th International Conference on Lifelong Education and Leadership for ALL-ICLEL 2018 written by Prof. Dr. Osman TITREK and published by Prof. Dr. Osman TITREK Asst. Prof. Dr. Agniezska ZEMBRZUSKA Res. Assist. Gozde SEZEN-GULTEKIN. This book was released on 2018-12-28 with total page 942 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Copyright © 2018, ICLEL Conferences All rights reserved by ICLEL Conferences

Economic Informality

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821379976
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Informality by : Ana Maria Oviedo

Download or read book Economic Informality written by Ana Maria Oviedo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009-06-01 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This survey assembles recent theoretical and empirical advances in the literature on economic informality and analyzes the causes and costs of informality in developed and developing economies. Using recent evidence, the survey discusses the nature and roots of informal economic activity across countries, distinguishing between informality as the result of exclusion and exit. The survey provides an extensive review of recent international experience with policies aimed at reducing informality, in particular, policies that facilitate the formalization process, create a framework for the transition from informality to formality, lend support to newly created firms, reduce or eliminate inconsistencies across regulation and government agencies, increase information flows, and increase enforcement.

International Business and Institutions after the Financial Crisis

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137367202
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (373 download)

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Book Synopsis International Business and Institutions after the Financial Crisis by : Y. Temouri

Download or read book International Business and Institutions after the Financial Crisis written by Y. Temouri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-02-18 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The challenge in the post crisis world is how business, government and academia come together to foster conditions for sustainable economic development. Understanding this requires an examination of the fundamental principles of IB, including location decisions, returns to multinationality and links between government and business, and CSR.

Global Trends 2040

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Publisher : Cosimo Reports
ISBN 13 : 9781646794973
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (949 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Trends 2040 by : National Intelligence Council

Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.

Measuring the Informal Economy

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Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513568248
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Measuring the Informal Economy by : Mr.Gabriel Quiros-Romero

Download or read book Measuring the Informal Economy written by Mr.Gabriel Quiros-Romero and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-02-02 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper proposes a framework for measuring the informal economy that is consistent with internationally agreed concepts and methodology for measuring GDP. Based on the proposed framework, the informal economy “comprises production of informal sector units, production of goods for own final use, production of domestic workers, and production generated by informal employment in formal enterprises.” This proposed framework will facilitate preparation of estimates of the informal economy as a component of GDP.

The Handbook of Informal Language Learning

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111947230X
Total Pages : 672 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis The Handbook of Informal Language Learning by : Mark Dressman

Download or read book The Handbook of Informal Language Learning written by Mark Dressman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-12-02 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive and unique examination of global language learning outside of the formal school setting Authored by a prominent team of international experts in their respective fields, The Handbook of Informal Language Learning is a one-of-a-kind reference work and it is a timely and valuable resource for anyone looking to explore informal language learning outside of a formal education environment. It features a comprehensive collection of cutting edge research areas exploring the cultural and historical cases of informal language learning, along with the growing area of digital language learning, and the future of this relevant field in national development and language education. The Handbook of Informal Language Learning examines informal language learning from both theoretical and practical perspectives. Structured across six sections, chapters cover areas of motivation, linguistics, cognition, and multimodality; digital learning, including virtual contexts, gaming, fanfiction, vlogging, mobile devices, and nonformal programs; and media and live contact, including learning through environmental print, tourism/study abroad. The book also provides studies of informal learning in four national contexts, examines the integration of informal and formal classroom learning, and discusses the future of language learning from different perspectives. Edited by respected researchers of computer-mediated communication and second language learning and teacher education Features contributions by leading international scholars reaching out to a global audience Presents an exciting and progressive selection of chapters in a rapidly expanding field of research and teaching Provides a state-of-the-art collection of the theories, as well as the historical, cultural and international cases relating to informal language learning and its future in a digital age Covers 30 key topics that represent pioneering findings and new research The Handbook of Informal Language Learning is an essential resource for researchers, students, and professionals in the fields of language acquisition, English as a second language, and foreign language education.

The Informal Economy in Sub-Saharan Africa

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Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484309030
Total Pages : 31 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)

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Book Synopsis The Informal Economy in Sub-Saharan Africa by : Leandro Medina

Download or read book The Informal Economy in Sub-Saharan Africa written by Leandro Medina and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-07-10 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The multiple indicator-multiple cause (MIMIC) method is a well-established tool for measuring informal economic activity. However, it has been criticized because GDP is used both as a cause and indicator variable. To address this issue, this paper applies for the first time the light intensity approach (instead of GDP). It also uses the Predictive Mean Matching (PMM) method to estimate the size of the informal economy for Sub-Saharan African countries over 24 years. Results suggest that informal economy in Sub-Saharan Africa remains among the largest in the world, although this share has been very gradually declining. It also finds significant heterogeneity, with informality ranging from a low of 20 to 25 percent in Mauritius, South Africa and Namibia to a high of 50 to 65 percent in Benin, Tanzania and Nigeria.

Resources in Education

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Resources in Education by :

Download or read book Resources in Education written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Informality

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821370936
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Informality by : Guillermo Perry

Download or read book Informality written by Guillermo Perry and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzes informality in Latin America, exploring root causes and reasons for and implications of its growth. This book uses two distinct but complementary lenses. It concludes that reducing informality levels and overcoming the "culture of informality" will require actions to increase aggregate productivity in the economy.

Poultry Export Guide

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)

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Book Synopsis Poultry Export Guide by : Debra Tropp

Download or read book Poultry Export Guide written by Debra Tropp and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: