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The Role Of Bacterial Amyloids In Regulating Gastrointestinal Homeostasis
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Book Synopsis Microbial Endocrinology: The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease by : Mark Lyte
Download or read book Microbial Endocrinology: The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease written by Mark Lyte and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-05 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of microbial endocrinology is expressly devoted to understanding the mechanisms by which the microbiota (bacteria within the microbiome) interact with the host (“us”). This interaction is a two-way street and the driving force that governs these interactions are the neuroendocrine products of both the host and the microbiota. Chapters include neuroendocrine hormone-induced changes in gene expression and microbial endocrinology and probiotics. This is the first in a series of books dedicated to understanding how bi-directional communication between host and bacteria represents the cutting edge of translational medical research, and hopefully identifies new ways to understand the mechanisms that determine health and disease.
Book Synopsis Enteric Glia by : Brian D. Gulbransen
Download or read book Enteric Glia written by Brian D. Gulbransen and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex neural network embedded in the gut wall that orchestrates the reflex behaviors of the intestine. The ENS is often referred to as the “little brain” in the gut because the ENS is more similar in size, complexity and autonomy to the central nervous system (CNS) than other components of the autonomic nervous system. Like the brain, the ENS is composed of neurons that are surrounded by glial cells. Enteric glia are a unique type of peripheral glia that are similar to astrocytes of the CNS. Yet enteric glial cells also differ from astrocytes in many important ways. The roles of enteric glial cell populations in the gut are beginning to come to light and recent evidence implicates enteric glia in almost every aspect of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. However, elucidating the exact mechanisms by which enteric glia influence gastrointestinal physiology and identifying how those roles are altered during gastrointestinal pathophysiology remain areas of intense research. The purpose of this e-book is to provide an introduction to enteric glial cells and to act as a resource for ongoing studies on this fascinating population of glia. Table of Contents: Introduction / A Historical Perspective on Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia: The Astroglia of the Gut / Molecular Composition of Enteric Glia / Development of Enteric Glia / Functional Roles of Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia and Disease Processes in the Gut / Concluding Remarks / References / Author Biography
Book Synopsis Immunology of Infectious Diseases by : Stefan H. E. Kaufmann
Download or read book Immunology of Infectious Diseases written by Stefan H. E. Kaufmann and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resumen: Offers an integrated view of principal aspects of immune response to all types of infectious agents. Deals with the immune system primarily as a host defense system. Various infectious agents and diseases are integrated under general topics rather than treated in separate chapters.
Book Synopsis Adult Short Bowel Syndrome by : Mandy L. Corrigan
Download or read book Adult Short Bowel Syndrome written by Mandy L. Corrigan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adult Short Bowel Syndrome: Nutritional, Medical, and Surgical Management serves as a practical guide to the medical, surgical and nutritional care of complex patients with Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS), providing information on SBS with the most up-to-date, evidence-based data available. Additionally, the book presents global perspectives and highlights emerging areas of research that are influencing the care of patients with SBS. Intended for nutritionists, dieticians, physicians (specifically, general practitioners, gastroenterologists, and surgeons), nurse practitioners, pharmacists, students and researchers, this book serves as a quick reference on the medical, surgical and nutritional care of complex patients with short bowel syndrome. - Presents emerging areas of research related to Short Bowel Syndrome (gut microbiome, pre/probiotics), as well as current applications in clinical practice - Compiles an overview, classification and complications of the Short Bowel Syndrome disease state - Contains effective dietary concepts (including rationale and use of oral rehydration solutions) for managing malabsorption caused by Short Bowel Syndrome - Includes medical and pharmaceutical management techniques to compliment nutrition interventions - Discusses surgical options for consideration in patients with Short Bowel Syndrome - Highlights international perspectives on treatment and care
Book Synopsis Recent Advances in γδ T Cell Biology: New Ligands, New Functions, and New Translational Perspectives by : Dieter Kabelitz
Download or read book Recent Advances in γδ T Cell Biology: New Ligands, New Functions, and New Translational Perspectives written by Dieter Kabelitz and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-02-16 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gamma/delta (γδ) T-cells are a small subset of T-lymphocytes in the peripheral circulation but constitute a major T-cell population at other anatomical localizations such as the epithelial tissues. In contrast to conventional α/β T-cells, the available number of germline genes coding for T-cell receptor (TCR) variable elements of γδ T-cells is very small. Moreover, there is a prefential localization of γδ T-cells expressing given Vgamma and Vdelta genes in certain tissues. In humans, γδ T-cells expressing the Vg9Vd2-encoded TCR account for anywhere between 50 and >95% of peripheral blood γδ T-cells, whereas cells expressing non-Vd2 genes dominate in mucosal tissues. In mice, there is an ordered appearance of γδ T-cell „waves“ during embryonic development, resulting in preferential localization of γδ T-cells expressing distinct VgammaVdelta genes in the skin, the reproductive organs, or gut epithelia. The major function of γδ T-cells resides in local immunosurveillance and immune defense against infection and malignancy. This is supported by the identification of ligands that are selectively recognized by the γδ TCR. As an example, human Vgamma9Vdelta2 T-cells recognize phosphorylated metabolites („phosphoantigens“) that are secreted by many pathogens but can also be overproduced by tumor cells, providing a basis for a role of these γδ T-cells in both anti-infective and anti-tumor immunity. Similarly, the recognition of endothelial protein C receptor by human non-Vdelta2 γδ T-cells has recently been identified to provide a link for the role for such γδ T-cells in immunity against epithelial tumor cells and cytomegalovirus-infected endothelial cells. In addition to „classical“ functions such as cytokine production and cytotoxicity, recent studies suggest that subsets of γδ T-cells can exert additional functions such as regulatory activity and – quite surpisingly – „professional“ antigen-presenting capacity. It is currently not well known how this tremendous extent of functional plasticity is regulated and what is the extent of γδ TCR ligand diversity. Due to their non-MHC-restricted recognition of unusual stress-associated ligands, γδ T-cells have raised great interest as to their potential translational application in cell-based immunotherapy. Topics of this Research Focus include: Molecular insights into the activation and differentiation requirements of γδ T-cells, role of pyrophosphates and butyrophilin molecules for the activation of human γδ T-cells, role of γδ T-cells in tumor immunity and in other infectious and non-infectious diseases, and many others. We are most grateful to all colleagues who agreed to write a manuscript. Thanks to their contributions, this E-book presents an up-to-date overview on many facets of the still exciting γδ T-cells. Dieter Kabelitz & Julie Déchanet-Merville
Book Synopsis Trends in Regulatory Peptides by : Hubert Vaudry
Download or read book Trends in Regulatory Peptides written by Hubert Vaudry and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-07-24 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regulatory peptides represent the most diverse and versatile family of messenger molecules. They are produced by all living organisms from bacteria to mammals. They are involved in a wide variety of biological functions. Biologically active peptides and their receptors thus constitute an unlimited source of inspiration for the development of innovative drugs and cosmetics. The present eBook is a unique collection of research articles and reviews that provide a representative examplification of the latest progress in regulatory peptide research.
Book Synopsis The Role of Dietary Interventions in The Regulation of Host-Microbe Interactions: Volume II by : Zongxin Ling
Download or read book The Role of Dietary Interventions in The Regulation of Host-Microbe Interactions: Volume II written by Zongxin Ling and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-12-05 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Immunology of the GI Tract by : Luis Rodrigo
Download or read book Immunology of the GI Tract written by Luis Rodrigo and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-12-21 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intestine is the largest digestive organ in the human body and one of the largest organs in contact with the outside world. In addition to digesting food to facilitate the absorption of nutrients, it has a variety of other functions, including the transmission of information and regulation of the metabolism. Due to its unique structure, the intestine is constantly exposed to various antigens and microbes. To protect the body from pathogens, while also maintaining a stable environment, the human intestinal tract has evolved unique regional immune characteristics maintained by the mature intestinal mucosal immune system. This intricate system involves intestinal epithelial cells, and intestinal lymphoid tissue composed of Peyer’s patches, isolated lymphoid follicles, mesenteric lymph nodes, and so on. The congenital and adaptive immune mechanisms created by the unique structure, function, and microenvironment of the intestine differ from those of the central and peripheral immune organs forming the regional immunity of the intestine. Intestinal flora also plays an important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, altering the structure and function of the immune system, reshaping the immune microenvironment, and promoting interference with the development of specific diseases. In fact, the immune function of the intestinal region directly affects the development of many intestine-specific diseases. However, the integrity of this function depends on the expression of congenital genes and the regulation of the neuroendocrine system. The microenvironment created by intestinal flora and its products also affects the immunity of the intestinal region. In early life, appropriate intestinal colonization by specific microflora stimulates the maturation of the intestinal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. If the appropriate intestinal flora fails to form during this life stage, the function of the intestinal immune system becomes impaired, leading to increased incidence and/or morbidity of certain intestinal diseases, including ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and others.
Book Synopsis Neuropsychiatric Disorders by : Koho Miyoshi
Download or read book Neuropsychiatric Disorders written by Koho Miyoshi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-09 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Around the world societies are facing growing aging populations with the concomitant increase in neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuropsychiatric disorders are organic brain diseases with psychiatric symptoms, as in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, that cause cognitive impairment, including dementia, amnesic syndrome, and personality–behavioral changes. As a clinical science, neuropsychiatry aims to explore the complex interrelationship between behavior and brain function from a variety of perspectives, including those of psychology, neurology, and psychiatry. This concise and updated monograph comprises the latest findings in the field and includes chapters on delusional symptoms, mood disorders and neurotic symptoms, cognitive impairment, behavioral and personality changes, and recently, cerebral alterations revealed in PTSD patients and in endogenous psychoses through neuroimaging and neuropathology. These findings will certainly widen the realm of neuropsychiatry going forward and will prove of great value to specialists as well as to academics and trainees in neurology, psychiatry, neuropsychology, neuroradiology, neuropathology, neurophysiology, neurochemistry, and clinical genetics. Ultimately, neuropsychiatry aims to prevent and reduce the suffering of individuals with the psychiatric symptoms of cerebral disorders.
Book Synopsis Alzheimer's Disease by : Thimmaiah Govindaraju
Download or read book Alzheimer's Disease written by Thimmaiah Govindaraju and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alzheimer’s disease is an increasingly common form of dementia and despite rising interest in discovery of novel treatments and investigation into aetiology, there are no currently approved treatments that directly tackle the causes of the condition. Due to its multifactorial pathogenesis, current treatments are directed against symptoms and even precise diagnosis remains difficult as the majority of cases are diagnosed symptomatically and usually confirmed only by autopsy. Alzheimer’s Disease: Recent Findings in Pathophysiology, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Modalities provides a comprehensive overview from aetiology and neurochemistry to diagnosis, evaluation and management of Alzheimer's disease, and latest therapeutic approaches. Intended to provide an introduction to all aspects of the disease and latest developments, this book is ideal for students, postgraduates and researchers in neurochemistry, neurological drug discovery and Alzheimer’s disease.
Download or read book Gut Peptides written by John H. Walsh and published by Raven Press (ID). This book was released on 1994 with total page 904 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive approach to gastrointestinal hormones, for clinicians and scientists who are interested in hormonal regulation of the gastrointestinal tract. The first section discusses general issues related to peptides as messengers, including receptors and signal transduction and control of gene expression. The second section presents the biochemical and physiological features of the gastrointestinal hormones and neuropeptides. The third section integrates these peptides into physiological and pathophysiological regulatory pathways of the gut. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis Intestinal Homeostasis and Disease: A Complex Partnership between Immune Cells, Non-Immune Cells and the Microbiome by : Marcela A. Hermoso
Download or read book Intestinal Homeostasis and Disease: A Complex Partnership between Immune Cells, Non-Immune Cells and the Microbiome written by Marcela A. Hermoso and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-20 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Perfect Slime by : Hans-Curt Flemming
Download or read book The Perfect Slime written by Hans-Curt Flemming and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Perfect Slime presents the latest state of knowledge and all aspects of the Extracellular Polymeric Substances, (EPS) matrix – from the ecological and health to the antifouling perspectives. The book brings together all the current material in order to expand our understanding of the functions, properties and characteristics of the matrix as well as the possibilities to strengthen or weaken it. The EPS matrix represents the immediate environment in which biofilm organisms live. From their point of view, this matrix has paramount advantages. It allows them to stay together for extended periods and form synergistic microconsortia, it retains extracellular enzymes and turns the matrix into an external digestion system and it is a universal recycling yard, it protects them against desiccation, it allows for intense communication and represents a huge genetic archive. They can remodel their matrix, break free and eventually, they can use it as a nutrient source. The EPS matrix can be considered as one of the emergent properties of biofilms and are a major reason for the success of this form of life. Nevertheless, they have been termed the “black matter of biofilms” for good reasons. First of all: the isolation methods define the results. In most cases, only water soluble EPS components are investigated; insoluble ones such as cellulose or amyloids are much less included. In particular in environmental biofilms with many species, it is difficult to impossible isolate, separate the various EPS molecules they are encased in and to define which species produced which EPS. The regulation and the factors which trigger or inhibit EPS production are still very poorly understood. Furthermore: bacteria are not the only microorganisms to produce EPS. Archaea, Fungi and algae can also form EPS. This book investigates the questions, What is their composition, function, dynamics and regulation? What do they all have in common?
Book Synopsis The role of gut microbes and their metabolites in immune-related diseases by :
Download or read book The role of gut microbes and their metabolites in immune-related diseases written by and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-10-06 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Endothelium written by Michel Félétou and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
Book Synopsis Gut-brain Connection, Myth Or Reality?: Role Of The Microbiome In Health And Diseases by : Adrien A Eshraghi
Download or read book Gut-brain Connection, Myth Or Reality?: Role Of The Microbiome In Health And Diseases written by Adrien A Eshraghi and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-11-03 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book the recent advancements in understanding the gut-brain interaction as well as gut microbiome and how this interaction plays a vital role in human health and disease are discussed. Each chapter gives an analysis of questions, research directions, and methods within the field of gut-brain axis. The readers will benefit from the latest knowledge about our understanding about how gut-brain axis and modulation of gut microbiome determines predisposition to neurological disorders. The multidisciplinary book is essential reading for anyone interested in the field of gut-brain axis and gut microbiome: from undergraduates to graduate students as well as scientists and physicians having an interest in the new exciting field of gut microbiome and its relationship with brain function.
Book Synopsis Microbial Endocrinology by : Mark Lyte
Download or read book Microbial Endocrinology written by Mark Lyte and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-10-22 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial endocrinology represents a newly emerging interdisciplinary field that is formed by the intersection of the fields of neurobiology and microbiology. This book will introduce a new perspective to the current understanding not only of the factors that mediate the ability of microbes to cause disease, but also to the mechanisms that maintain normal homeostasis. The discovery that microbes can directly respond to neuroendocrine hormones, as evidenced by increased growth and production of virulence-associated factors, provides for a new framework with which to investigate how microorganisms interface not only with vertebrates, but also with invertebrates and even plants. The reader will learn that the neuroendocrine hormones that one most commonly associates with mammals are actually found throughout the plant, insect and microbial communities to an extent that will undoubtedly surprise many, and most importantly, how interactions between microbes and neuroendocrine hormones can influence the pathophysiology of infectious disease.
