The Rise Of The Fiscal State In Europe C1200 1815

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The Rise of the Fiscal State in Europe c.1200-1815

Author : Richard Bonney
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191542202
Total Pages : 542 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rise of the Fiscal State in Europe c.1200-1815 by : Richard Bonney

Download or read book The Rise of the Fiscal State in Europe c.1200-1815 written by Richard Bonney and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 1999-09-02 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume an international team of scholars builds up a comprehensive analysis of the fiscal history of Europe over six centuries. It forms a fundamental starting-point for an understanding of the distinctiveness of the emerging European states, and highlights the issue of fiscal power as an essential prerequisite for the development of the modern state. The study underlines the importance of technical developments by the state, its capacity to innovate, and, however imperfect the techniques, the greater detail and sophistication of accounting practice towards the end of the period. New taxes had been developed, new wealth had been tapped, new mechanisms of enforcement had been established. In general, these developments were made in western Europe; the lack of progress in some fiscal systems, especially those in eastern Europe, is an issue of historical importance in its own right and lends particular significance to the chapters on Poland and Russia. By the eighteenth century `mountains of debt' and high debt-revenue ratios had become the norm in western Europe, yet in the east only Russia was able to adapt to the western model by 1815. The capacity of governments to borrow, and the interaction of the constraints on borrowing and the power to tax had become the real test of the fiscal powers of the `modern state' by 1800-15.

Anglo-American Corporate Taxation

Author : Steven A. Bank
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 113950259X
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (395 download)

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Book Synopsis Anglo-American Corporate Taxation by : Steven A. Bank

Download or read book Anglo-American Corporate Taxation written by Steven A. Bank and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The UK and the USA have historically represented opposite ends of the spectrum in their approaches to taxing corporate income. Under the British approach, corporate and shareholder income taxes have been integrated under an imputation system, with tax paid at the corporate level imputed to shareholders through a full or partial credit against dividends received. Under the American approach, by contrast, corporate and shareholder income taxes have remained separate under what is called a 'classical' system in which shareholders receive little or no relief from a second layer of taxes on dividends. Steven A. Bank explores the evolution of the corporate income tax systems in each country during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to understand the common legal, economic, political and cultural forces that produced such divergent approaches and explains why convergence may be likely in the future as each country grapples with corporate taxation in an era of globalization.

Pillars of Prosperity

Author : Timothy Besley
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691158150
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Pillars of Prosperity by : Timothy Besley

Download or read book Pillars of Prosperity written by Timothy Besley and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-02-24 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How nations can promote peace, prosperity, and stability through cohesive political institutions "Little else is required to carry a state to the highest degree of opulence from the lowest barbarism, but peace, easy taxes, and a tolerable administration of justice; all the rest being brought about by the natural course of things." So wrote Adam Smith a quarter of a millennium ago. Using the tools of modern political economics and combining economic theory with a bird's-eye view of the data, this book reinterprets Smith's pillars of prosperity to explain the existence of development clusters—places that tend to combine effective state institutions, the absence of political violence, and high per-capita incomes. To achieve peace, the authors stress the avoidance of repressive government and civil conflict. Easy taxes, they argue, refers not to low taxes, but a tax system with widespread compliance that collects taxes at a reasonable cost from a broad base, like income. And a tolerable administration of justice is about legal infrastructure that can support the enforcement of contracts and property rights in line with the rule of law. The authors show that countries tend to enjoy all three pillars of prosperity when they have evolved cohesive political institutions that promote common interests, guaranteeing the provision of public goods. In line with much historical research, international conflict has also been an important force behind effective states by fostering common interests. The absence of common interests and/or cohesive political institutions can explain the existence of very different development clusters in fragile states that are plagued by poverty, violence, and weak state capacity.

International Encyclopedia of Human Geography

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080449107
Total Pages : 12469 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis International Encyclopedia of Human Geography by :

Download or read book International Encyclopedia of Human Geography written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-07-16 with total page 12469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Encyclopedia of Human Geography provides an authoritative and comprehensive source of information on the discipline of human geography and its constituent, and related, subject areas. The encyclopedia includes over 1,000 detailed entries on philosophy and theory, key concepts, methods and practices, biographies of notable geographers, and geographical thought and praxis in different parts of the world. This groundbreaking project covers every field of human geography and the discipline’s relationships to other disciplines, and is global in scope, involving an international set of contributors. Given its broad, inclusive scope and unique online accessibility, it is anticipated that the International Encyclopedia of Human Geography will become the major reference work for the discipline over the coming decades. The Encyclopedia will be available in both limited edition print and online via ScienceDirect – featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit http://info.sciencedirect.com/content/books/ref_works/coming/ Available online on ScienceDirect and in limited edition print format Broad, interdisciplinary coverage across human geography: Philosophy, Methods, People, Social/Cultural, Political, Economic, Development, Health, Cartography, Urban, Historical, Regional Comprehensive and unique - the first of its kind in human geography

Handbook of Public Economics

Author : Alan J. Auerbach
Publisher : Newnes
ISBN 13 : 0444537600
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Public Economics by : Alan J. Auerbach

Download or read book Handbook of Public Economics written by Alan J. Auerbach and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-06-24 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Handbook of Public Economics, vol. 5, top scholars provide context and order to new research about mechanisms that underlie both public finance theories and applications. These fundamental subjects follow the recent, steady movement away from rational decision-making and toward more personalized approaches to tax generation and expenditure, especially in terms of the use of psychological methods and financial incentives. Closely scrutinized subjects include new research in empirical (instead of theoretical) public finance, the methods for measuring taxes (both in revenue generation and expenditure), and the roles that taxes play in specific settings, such as emerging economies, urban settings, charitable giving, and among political entities (cities, counties, states, countries). Contributors look at both the "tax" and "expenditure" sides of public finance, emphasizing recent influences that psychology and philosophy have exerted in economics with articles on behavioral finance, charitable giving, and dynamic taxation. To a field enjoying rapid growth, their articles bring context and order, illuminating the mechanisms that underlie both public finance theories and applications. Editor Raj Chetty is the recipient of the 2013 John Bates Clark Medal from the American Economic Association Focuses on new approaches to both revenue generation and expenditures in public finance Presents coherent summaries of subjects in public economics that stretch from methodologies to applications Makes details about public economics accessible to scholars in fields outside economics

The Demography of Armed Conflict

Author : Helge Brunborg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis The Demography of Armed Conflict by : Helge Brunborg

Download or read book The Demography of Armed Conflict written by Helge Brunborg and published by . This book was released on 2006-12-13 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: War and conflict, whether internal or international, remains a pervasive phenomenon affecting most regions of the world and particularly low-income countries. Demographic consequences of war and violence, especially deaths and forced migration, are amongst the gravest costs of war and receive much attention in mass media, although it is often difficult to quantify such effects. Furthermore, demographic factors, such as population pressure on natural renewable resources, migration, differential population dynamics by ethnic or religious group, or the number of young persons in a population, have been suggested as potential causes of conflict. Despite the obvious importance of both demographic causes and consequences of armed conflict, research on the demographic aspects of conflict is scarce. This book brings together researchers from very different traditions to bridge gaps in the field, and to provide new insights into the demographic causes and consequences of armed conflict. The diversity of the authors, coming from demography, statistics, political science, sociology, anthropology, history, geography, economics and law, gives the reader a cross-cut of recent research in demography and armed conflict. The themes are equally diverse. Studies of demographic causes of conflict address issues of migration, ethnicity, population growth and youth bulges. Studies focusing on the consequences of conflict include some broad assessments of mortality from armed conflict, the estimation of casualties for prosecution of war crimes, as well as detailed case studies of conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia, Kenya, Mali, Rwanda, Sudan and Uganda.

Taxation and Development

Author : Richard M. Bird
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780674188327
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (883 download)

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Book Synopsis Taxation and Development by : Richard M. Bird

Download or read book Taxation and Development written by Richard M. Bird and published by . This book was released on 2014-05-15 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Public Economics

Author : Martin Feldstein
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080544199
Total Pages : 674 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (441 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Public Economics by : Martin Feldstein

Download or read book Handbook of Public Economics written by Martin Feldstein and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-01-25 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Field of Public Economics has been changing rapidly in recent years, and the sixteen chapters contained in this Handbook survey many of the new developments. As a field, Public Economics is defined by its objectives rather than its techniques and much of what is new is the application of modern methods of economic theory and econometrics to problems that have been addressed by economists for over two hundred years. More generally, the discussion of public finance issues also involves elements of political science, finance and philosophy. These connections are evidence in several of the chapters that follow. Public Economics is the positive and normative study of government's effect on the economy. We attempt to explain why government behaves as it does, how its behavior influences the behavior of private firms and households, and what the welfare effects of such changes in behavior are. Following Musgrave (1959) one may imagine three purposes for government intervention in the economy: allocation, when market failure causes the private outcome to be Pareto inefficient, distribution, when the private market outcome leaves some individuals with unacceptably low shares in the fruits of the economy, and stabilization, when the private market outcome leaves some of the economy's resources underutilized. The recent trend in economic research has tended to emphasize the character of stabilization problems as problems of allocation in the labor market. The effects that government intervention can have on the allocation and distribution of an economy's resources are described in terms of efficiency and incidence effects. These are the primary measures used to evaluate the welfare effects of government policy.

Essential Mathematics for Economics and Business

Author : Teresa Bradley
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118358295
Total Pages : 693 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (183 download)

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Book Synopsis Essential Mathematics for Economics and Business by : Teresa Bradley

Download or read book Essential Mathematics for Economics and Business written by Teresa Bradley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-06 with total page 693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential Mathematics for Economics and Business is established as one of the leading introductory textbooks on mathematics for students of business and economics. Combining a user–friendly approach to mathematics with practical applications to the subjects, the text provides students with a clear and comprehensible guide to mathematics. The fundamental mathematical concepts are explained in a simple and accessible style, using a wide selection of worked examples, progress exercises and real–world applications. New to this Edition Fully updated text with revised worked examples and updated material on Excel and Powerpoint New exercises in mathematics and its applications to give further clarity and practice opportunities Fully updated online material including animations and a new test bank The fourth edition is supported by a companion website at www.wiley.com/college/bradley, which contains: Animations of selected worked examples providing students with a new way of understanding the problems Access to the Maple T.A. test bank, which features over 500 algorithmic questions Further learning material, applications, exercises and solutions. Problems in context studies, which present the mathematics in a business or economics framework. Updated PowerPoint slides, Excel problems and solutions. "The text is aimed at providing an introductory-level exposition of mathematical methods for economics and business students. In terms of level, pace, complexity of examples and user-friendly style the text is excellent - it genuinely recognises and meets the needs of students with minimal maths background." —Colin Glass, Emeritus Professor, University of Ulster "One of the major strengths of this book is the range of exercises in both drill and applications. Also the 'worked examples' are excellent; they provide examples of the use of mathematics to realistic problems and are easy to follow." —Donal Hurley, formerly of University College Cork "The most comprehensive reader in this topic yet, this book is an essential aid to the avid economist who loathes mathematics!" —Amazon.co.uk

Constructions and Environments

Author : Peter Petré (Linguist)
Publisher : Oxford Studies in the History
ISBN 13 : 0199373396
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis Constructions and Environments by : Peter Petré (Linguist)

Download or read book Constructions and Environments written by Peter Petré (Linguist) and published by Oxford Studies in the History. This book was released on 2014 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph presents the first comprehensive diachronic account of copular and passive verb constructions in Old and Middle English. Loss of the high-frequency verb weorðan 'become' is explained as a result of changing word order in narrative during Middle English. The merger of is 'is' and bið 'shall be, is generally' into a single suppletive verb is related to the development of a general analytic future shall benally, the co-occurrence of multiple changes led to become and wax crossing a threshold of similarity with existing copulas, from which they analogically adopted full productivity.

Richelieu's Army

Author : David Parrott
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521792096
Total Pages : 630 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (217 download)

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Book Synopsis Richelieu's Army by : David Parrott

Download or read book Richelieu's Army written by David Parrott and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-09-06 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A definitive reinterpretation of the role and influence of the French army during Richelieu's ministry.

Cultural Severance and the Environment

Author : Ian D. Rotherham
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400761597
Total Pages : 437 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Cultural Severance and the Environment by : Ian D. Rotherham

Download or read book Cultural Severance and the Environment written by Ian D. Rotherham and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-09 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This major book explores commons, lands and rights of usage in common, traditional and customary practices, and the cultural nature of ‘landscapes’. Importantly, it addresses now critical matters of ‘cultural severance’ and largely unrecognized impacts on biodiversity and human societies, and implications for conservation, sustainability, and local economies. The book takes major case studies and perspectives from around the world, to address contemporary issues and challenges from historical and ecological perspectives. The book developed from major international conferences and collaborations over around fifteen years, culminating ‘The End of Tradition?’ in Sheffield, UK, 2010. The chapters are from individuals who are both academic researchers and practitioners. These ideas are now influencing bodies like the EU, UNESCO, and FAO, with recognition by major organisations and stakeholders, of the critical state of the environment consequent on cultural severance.

Globalization and History

Author : Kevin H. O'Rourke
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262650595
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis Globalization and History by : Kevin H. O'Rourke

Download or read book Globalization and History written by Kevin H. O'Rourke and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2001-01-26 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kevin O'Rourke and Jeffrey Williamson present a coherent picture of trade, migration, and international capital flows in the Atlantic economy in the century prior to 1914—the first great globalization boom, which anticipated the experience of the last fifty years. Globalization is not a new phenomenon, nor is it irreversible. In Gobalization and History, Kevin O'Rourke and Jeffrey Williamson present a coherent picture of trade, migration, and international capital flows in the Atlantic economy in the century prior to 1914—the first great globalization boom, which anticipated the experience of the last fifty years. The authors estimate the extent of globalization and its impact on the participating countries, and discuss the political reactions that it provoked. The book's originality lies in its application of the tools of open-economy economics to this critical historical period—differentiating it from most previous work, which has been based on closed-economy or single-sector models. The authors also keep a close eye on globalization debates of the 1990s, using history to inform the present and vice versa. The book brings together research conducted by the authors over the past decade—work that has profoundly influenced how economic history is now written and that has found audiences in economics and history, as well as in the popular press.

Conscripts and Deserters

Author : Alan I. Forrest
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0195059379
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Conscripts and Deserters by : Alan I. Forrest

Download or read book Conscripts and Deserters written by Alan I. Forrest and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1989 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between the outbreak of war with Austria in 1792 and Napoleon's final debacle in 1814, France remained almost continously at war, recruiting in the process some two to three million frenchmen--a level of recruitment unknown to previous generations and widely resented as an attack on the liberties of rural communities. Forrest challenges the notion of a nation heroically rushing to arms by examining the massive rates of desertion and avoidance of service as well as their consequences on French society--on military campaigns and the morale of armies, on political opinion at home, on the social fabric of local villages, and on the Napoleonic dream of bringing about a coherent and centralized state.

The Reign of James VI

Author : Julian Goodare
Publisher : Birlinn Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1788854179
Total Pages : 269 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (888 download)

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Book Synopsis The Reign of James VI by : Julian Goodare

Download or read book The Reign of James VI written by Julian Goodare and published by Birlinn Ltd. This book was released on 2000-01-11 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reign of James VI (1567–1625) remains one of the most enigmatic in Scottish history. There are long periods within it that resemble black holes in our knowledge. This study is a concerted attempt by a group of ten scholars of the reign, drawn from three different disciplines, to shed light on its politics and government, viewed through various perspectives. These include the royal court, which is analysed through its literature, architecture and ceremony; noble factionalism; relations with England; a revised model of tensions between church and state; and the relationship between the government and the Highlands, the Borders and the south west, a future region of opposition to Charles I. This study also analyses James as a literary author, correspondent, husband and 'universal king'. The book offers alternatives to accepted views of the reign, dismissing both Melvillianism and 'laissez faire monarchy' as useful tools. It sees the centre of politics as the interaction between an expanded and increasingly expensive royal court and a phenomenal growth of the state, based on a huge increase in legislation and the business of the Privy Council.

The Dawn of Drug Safety

Author : M. D. B. Stephens
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780956087485
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (874 download)

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Book Synopsis The Dawn of Drug Safety by : M. D. B. Stephens

Download or read book The Dawn of Drug Safety written by M. D. B. Stephens and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text looks at the safety of drugs from the beginning of time until 1961, including six marker drugs and the problems of 50 drugs subsequently withdrawn or restricted.

Death and the Metropolis

Author : John Landers
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521028547
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (285 download)

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Book Synopsis Death and the Metropolis by : John Landers

Download or read book Death and the Metropolis written by John Landers and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-11-02 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A powerful analysis of demographic patterns in London over the 'long eighteenth century', concentrating on mortality but also including data on marital fertility, population structure and migration. The evidence indicates that mortality in London was generally much higher than in other settlements in England.