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The Relationship Between Body Composition And Bone In Preadolescent Children
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Book Synopsis The Relationship Between Body Composition and Bone in Preadolescent Children by : Abby L. Richey
Download or read book The Relationship Between Body Composition and Bone in Preadolescent Children written by Abby L. Richey and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of optimizing peak bone mass early in life for the prevention of fractures throughout the lifespan and more debilitating diseases such as osteoporosis is well known today. However, more research is necessary to understand the importance of various determinants of bone health in youth. The purpose of this study was to assess the associations between body composition (lean vs. fat mass) and bone mineral density (BMD) in children 8-9 years of age. A total of 103 Black and White participants (48 females and 55 males) between the ages of 8-9 years old and of all body composition levels, representative of a Midwestern county, were included in this study. All subjects were assessed for bone and body composition via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Correlations and linear regression analyses were used to analyze these data. Lean soft tissue (LST) was found to be significantly and positively related to BMD in both male and female children. Regression analyses revealed 1st and race were the only independent predictors of bone BMD at the whole body (1st ß=0.812, p=0.006; Race ß=0.234, p=0.003) hip (Race ß=0.178, p=0.016) and lumbar spine (Race ß=0.211, p=0.010) sites. It was concluded that, a) 1st is a major determinant of bone health in preadolescent children and b) Black children have greater BMD than White children.
Book Synopsis The Relationship of Bone Health to Vitamin D Status and Body Composition in Pre-adolescent Children (Pretoria, South Africa) by : Samantha White
Download or read book The Relationship of Bone Health to Vitamin D Status and Body Composition in Pre-adolescent Children (Pretoria, South Africa) written by Samantha White and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bone health development and maintenance is important in children to reduce the risk for osteoporosis later in life. Knowledge on the vitamin D and bone health status of preadolescent children in South Africa is limited. Vitamin D and body composition both play important roles in bone health, but the relationship between adiposity and bone mass in children has been debated. The objective of this study was firstly, to describe the bone health status, body composition and vitamin D status of preadolescent children in Pretoria, South Africa. Secondly, the study examined bone health in relation to body composition and vitamin D status. Methods: A cross-sectional study, using conveniently sampled preadolescent black children aged 5-10, was conducted. Body weight was measured with the Seca medical body composition analyser and height using the Seca 274 stadiometer. Dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used for bone health (bone mineral content (BMC), areal bone mineral density (BMD) and bone area at the total body less the head (TBLH) and lumbar spine (LS) sites) and body composition (body fat percentage, fat mass and lean mass) assessments (n = 84). Vitamin D status (25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3) was determined from blood spot analysis (n = 59). To compare bone health means between vitamin D status groups, children were grouped as sufficient (25(OH)D ? 30 ng/ml), insufficient (25(OH)D = 21-29 ng/ml) or deficient (25(OH)D ? 20 ng/ml) accordingly. To compare bone health means between body composition groups, children were grouped as normal (BMIfor- age Z-score ? 1) or over-nourished (BMI-for-age Z-score > 1). Simple linear regression models were used in defining the relationship between bone health parameters and body composition components. Adjustments of bone health parameters for height-for-age, gender, age and body composition components was done using multiple linear regression. Comparison between adjusted bone health parameters of normal and over-nourished were made using the student’s two sample t-test. Results: The 59 children in the vitamin D study groups had a 24% prevalence of low BMD for chronological age and 7% presented with a low BMC for chronological age. A peculiar finding was that LS-BMAD differed significantly between the vitamin D insufficient and deficient groups. There was no relationship between any bone health parameters at all sites measured and serum levels of 25(OH)D (p > 0.05). Fat mass (FM) and body fat percentage least explained the observed variation in bone health parameters, whereas lean mass (LM) was the most important body composition component in explaining the variations observed in bone health parameters. The relationship between LS bone health parameters and body composition components was weaker than the relationship between TBLH bone health parameters and body composition components. Summary and / or Conclusion: In this population, 66% of preadolescents were vitamin D insufficient or deficient, but with a healthy bone health status and 40% of the preadolescents were over-nourished with greater crude BMD than those with healthy BMI Z-scores. Vitamin D status does not appear to be associated with parameters of bone health. Lean mass was the greatest body compositional determinant for variations observed in bone health parameters. Bone health parameters of healthy and over-nourished children did not differ after adjusting for body composition.
Book Synopsis Development of body composition and its relationship with physical activity in healthy Swedish children by : Hanna Henriksson
Download or read book Development of body composition and its relationship with physical activity in healthy Swedish children written by Hanna Henriksson and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2015-04-27 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood obesity according to the World Health Organization is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. The proportion of childhood obesity is high both globally and in Sweden. This is of great concern since obese children tend to stay obese in adulthood. In order to develop strategies to prevent early childhood obesity more knowledge is needed regarding factors explaining why children become overweight and obese. Preventive strategies require accurate and easy-to-use methods to assess physical activity in response to energy expenditure as well as energy intake in young children, but such methods are largely lacking or have shown limited accuracy. The aims of this thesis were: 1) to describe the longitudinal development of body composition from 1 week to 4.5 years of age; 2) to study relationships between measures of body composition and the physical activity level (PAL) at 1.5 and 3 years of age; 3) to evaluate if heart rate recording and movement registration using Actiheart can capture variations in total energy expenditure (TEE) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) at 1.5 and 3 years; 4) to evaluate the potential of a 7-day activity diary to assess PAL at 1.5 and 3 years of age; 5) to evaluate a new tool (TECH) using mobile phones for assessing energy intake at 3 years of age. Healthy children were investigated at 1 and 12 weeks (n=44), at 1.5 (n=44), 3 (n=33) and 4.5 (n=26) years of age. Body composition was measured using air-displacement plethysmography at 1 and 12 weeks and at 4.5 years of age. At 1.5 and 3 years, body composition, TEE, PAL and AEE were assessed using the doubly labelled water method and indirect calorimetry. Heart rate and movements were recorded using Actiheart (four days) and physical activities were registered using the 7-day diary. Energy intake was assessed using TECH during one complete 24-hour period. Average percentage of total body fat (TBF) and average fat mass index (FMI) were higher (+3 to +81 %), while fat-free mass index (FFMI) was slightly lower (-2 to -9 %), in children in the study from 12 weeks until 4.5 years of age when compared to corresponding reference values. A relationship between TBF% and PAL was found both at 1.5 and 3 years of age. At 3 years, but not at 1.5 years, this could be explained by a relationship between PAL and FFMI. Actiheart recordings explained a significant but small fraction (8%) of the variation in free-living TEE at 1.5 and 3 years, and in AEE (6 %) at 3 years, above that explained by body composition variables. At 1.5 and 3 years of age, PAL estimated by means of the activity diary using metabolic equivalent (MET) values by Ainsworth et al. was not significantly different from reference PAL, but the accuracy for individuals was low. Average energy intake assessed by TECH was not significantly different from TEE. However, the accuracy for individuals was poor. The results of this thesis suggest that 1) The higher body fatness of the children in the study compared to the corresponding reference values may indicate the presence of a secular trend in body composition development characterized by a high body fatness. 2) Body fatness might counteract physical activity at 1.5 years of age when the capacity to perform physical activity is limited, but not at 3 years of age when such a capacity has been developed. 3) Actiheart recordings explained a significant but small fraction of the variation in TEE at 1.5 and 3 years, and in AEE at 3 years of age, above that explained by body composition variables. 4) The activity diary and TECH produced mean values in agreement with reference PAL and TEE, respectively, but the accuracy for individual children was low. In conclusion, the results of this thesis suggest the presence of a secular trend in body composition development in healthy Swedish children, from infancy up to 4.5 years of age, which is characterized by a high body fatness. Methods to assess physical activity and energy intake at 1.5 and 3 years of age provided some promising results on a group level, although further research is needed to increase the accuracy of these methods in individual children.
Book Synopsis Body Composition Assessment in Children and Adolescents by : T. Jürimäe
Download or read book Body Composition Assessment in Children and Adolescents written by T. Jürimäe and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stimulating and up to date, this book is a distinctive reference for pediatricians, nutritionists, anthropologists, exercise and sport scientists as well as sport medicine specialists.
Book Synopsis Childhood Obesity Prevention by : Kristi Robusto
Download or read book Childhood Obesity Prevention written by Kristi Robusto and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: This dissertation explored three hierarchical levels of the Behavioral Ecological Model (BEM) related to childhood obesity by addressing the following aims: (1) explore the relationships between preadolescents' body composition (i.e., fat and lean mass) and bone mass/density; (2) explore the relationships between preadolescents' engagement in physical activity and sedentary behavior with their body composition; and (3) perform a systematic review evaluating the relationships between parental household rules, child/adolescent sleep, other obesity-related behaviors, and weight status/body composition. Methods: For Aims 1 and 2, analysis of the validity baseline data collected between 2009 and 2014 for the Healthy Smiles Trial was performed (N = 44). For Aim 3, a systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed (Medline) and Google Scholar databases. After screening abstracts and articles for inclusion, studies included in the review (N = 48) were evaluated and study fidelity was scored. Results: In 8- to 14-year-old boys and girls, DXA-derived body composition was related to bone mass. Bivariate analyses showed lean mass measures were positively associated with total body less head (TBLH) and AP Spine (L1L4) bone mineral content (BMC)/density (BMD); however, after controlling for age, gender, height, weight, and pubertal status, the relationships were insignificant. Partial correlations controlling for age, gender, height, weight, and pubertal status showed fat mass index (FMI) was significantly negatively associated with TBLH BMC and L1L4 BMC (p
Book Synopsis Examination of Diet, Physical Activity, Biomarkers of Bone Mineralization, Bone Mineral Content and Body Composition in Children Between 5 Years of Age and Puberty by : Marcia Kelly Scott
Download or read book Examination of Diet, Physical Activity, Biomarkers of Bone Mineralization, Bone Mineral Content and Body Composition in Children Between 5 Years of Age and Puberty written by Marcia Kelly Scott and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Human Body Composition by : Steven Heymsfield
Download or read book Human Body Composition written by Steven Heymsfield and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2005 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2nd edition of Human Body Composition includes updated information and new chapters. The editors and 35 contributors are well respected researchers in the field of body composition science. This is one of few texts that provides comprehensive coverage of body composition research. The primary intent is to present current information on research methods. This book can serve as a textbook for those who are students or new researchers. Descriptions of various methods and background information are imparted in great detail with numerous references. New chapters address energy expenditure, animal body composition, molecular genetics and body composition as it relates to disease states of cancer, HIV, obesity and certain inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, congestive heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This book is recommended for students and new researchers in the field of body composition research who need to learn various methods, histories and practical applications--Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of Influences on Preadolescent Boys' Body Mass Index and Body Composition by : Lynn Samson Brann
Download or read book An Evaluation of Influences on Preadolescent Boys' Body Mass Index and Body Composition written by Lynn Samson Brann and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cytokines, Growth Mediators, and Physical Activity in Children During Puberty by : Jaak Jürimäe
Download or read book Cytokines, Growth Mediators, and Physical Activity in Children During Puberty written by Jaak Jürimäe and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Linear growth and sexual maturation are influenced by the actions of the endocrine system as well as by the nutritional status and level of physical activity of an individual. This publication focuses on the latest research regarding different physical growth and energy balance-related mediators in puberty. It summarizes the complex relationship between inflammatory mediators/cytokines, growth factors, body composition, physical fitness and physical activity of children and adolescents. Special emphasis in the book is placed on the role of various recently discovered inflammatory mediators/cytokines in the development of possible metabolic risk factors, in bone metabolism and other body composition parameters. Further, the book considers the adaptation to acute and chronic exercise in children during puberty and the development of possible menstrual irregularities. Health professionals, particularly pediatricians, exercise and sport scientists, coaches, researchers and students will find the book an excellent source of up-to-date information written by leading international experts in the field.
Book Synopsis The Inter-relationship Between Body Composition, Physical Activity and Fitness in Children by : Juliette Hussey
Download or read book The Inter-relationship Between Body Composition, Physical Activity and Fitness in Children written by Juliette Hussey and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bone Strength and Body Composition in Pediatric Multiethnic Populations by : Rachel Jean Wetzsteon
Download or read book Bone Strength and Body Composition in Pediatric Multiethnic Populations written by Rachel Jean Wetzsteon and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Body Composition Measurements in Infants and Children by :
Download or read book Body Composition Measurements in Infants and Children written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this publication is to familiarize pediatricians with methods of measuring body composition. The measurement of fat and fat-free mass in children will revolutionize the surveillance of the nutritional status of the child.
Book Synopsis The Relationship Between Prior Physical Activity Programming and Body Composition in Male Children with Orthopedic Impairments by : Jodi Wyman
Download or read book The Relationship Between Prior Physical Activity Programming and Body Composition in Male Children with Orthopedic Impairments written by Jodi Wyman and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Relationship Between Motor Proficiency and Body Composition in Children Aged 4-6 Years by : Samuel W. Logan
Download or read book The Relationship Between Motor Proficiency and Body Composition in Children Aged 4-6 Years written by Samuel W. Logan and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood obesity is a serious national health issue. There are many contributing factors in the development of obesity including the following: nutritional habits, environmental circumstances, genetics, socioeconomic status, motor proficiency, and the frequency, duration, and intensity of participation in physical activity. Two of these factors that have not received sufficient empirical investigation in the preschool population are motor proficiency and physical activity. In order to address this knowledge gap, three separate studies were conducted for this thesis project. First, thirty-five children aged 4-6 years had the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC) and Body Mass Index measured and correlated. BMI groups were defined by the following range of percentile rankings: low BMI = 1st-25th, medium BMI = 26th-74th, high BMI = 75th-99th. No significant relationship was found between MABC and BMI percentile ranks (r = -.24). When subjects were grouped into high, medium, and low body composition, significant differences in MABC percentile existed between high and low (p = .025), and high and medium (p = .035) groups. These results suggest that children classified as overweight or obese display significantly lower motor proficiency than their peers with medium and low BMIs. In additional analyses, participants were also grouped according to motor proficiency determined by MABC percentile rankings (MPlow: 1st-30th, MPmed: 31st-69th, and MPhigh: 70th-99th). Significant differences existed in mean BMI percentile rankings between the MPlow and MPhigh (p = .016) and the MPlow and MPmed (p .001) groups. Both results indicate a significantly higher BMI percentile ranking for the low motor proficient group compared to the medium and high motor proficient groups. This study indicates there is a direct relationship between motor proficiency and body composition in the preschool population. The second part of this thesis involved testing seventeen children aged 4-6 years on the object control subset of the Test of Gross Motor Development -2 (TGMD). The purpose was to determine if a relationship exists between BMI and object control skills in a sample of preschool children. The Pearson correlation was non-significant between BMI percentile and object control percentile (r actual
Book Synopsis The Relationships of Body Weight and Composition to Stunting in Preschool Children by : Geoffrey Christopher Marks
Download or read book The Relationships of Body Weight and Composition to Stunting in Preschool Children written by Geoffrey Christopher Marks and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Body Composition and Physical Activity in Eight and Three-quarter Year Old Children by : Leighton Chun-Lee Ku
Download or read book Body Composition and Physical Activity in Eight and Three-quarter Year Old Children written by Leighton Chun-Lee Ku and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bone mineral density and body composition of children and adolescents in health and disease by : Annemieke M. Boot
Download or read book Bone mineral density and body composition of children and adolescents in health and disease written by Annemieke M. Boot and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
