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Author : Franziska Weiss
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)
Download or read book The Regulation of Large-scale Brain Networks Via Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Franziska Weiss and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ioan-Andrei Manoliu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)
Download or read book The Triple Network Model of Mental Disorders: Disease-specific Characterization of Cognitive Large-scale Brain Networks Via Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) written by Ioan-Andrei Manoliu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Vinod Menon
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
ISBN 13 : 2889190412
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)
Download or read book Resting state brain activity: Implications for systems neuroscience written by Vinod Menon and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on resting state brain activity using fMRI offers a novel approach for understanding brain organization at the systems level. Resting state fMRI examines spatial synchronization of intrinsic fluctuations in blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signals arising from neuronal and synaptic activity that is present in the absence of overt cognitive information processing. Since the discovery of coherent spontaneous fluctuations within the somatomotor system (Biswal, et al. 1995), a growing number of studies have shown that many of the brain areas engaged during various cognitive tasks also form coherent large-scale brain networks that can be readily identified using resting state fMRI. These studies are beginning to provide new insights into the functional architecture of the human brain. This Research Topic will synthesize current knowledge about resting state brain activity and discuss their implications for understanding brain function and dysfunction from a systems neuroscience perspective. This topic will also provide perspectives on important conceptual and methodological questions that the field needs to address in the next years. In addition to invited reviews and perspectives, we solicit research articles on theoretical, experimental and clinical questions related to the nature, origins and functions of resting state brain activity.
Author : Shi Cheng
Publisher : Open Dissertation Press
ISBN 13 : 9781361376263
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (762 download)
Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation of Brain Networks written by Shi Cheng and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation of Brain Networks" by Shi, Cheng, 程实, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Brain operates on a network level. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides structural and functional images noninvasively with large field of view and at high spatial resolution and thus assumes an extremely valuable role in studying brain networks. The objectives of this doctoral work were to develop and apply novel MRI methods on human and rodent brains, for in vivo and global assessments of functional brain networks at resting and task-evoked states. Firstly, the feasibility of passband balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) imaging for distortion-free and high-resolution resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) was investigated. Resting-state networks (RSNs) derived from bSSFP images were shown spatially and spectrally comparable to those derived from conventional gradient-echo echo-planar imaging (GE-EPI) with considerable intra- and inter-subject reproducibility. High-resolution bSSFP corresponded well to the anatomical images, with RSNs exquisitely co-localized to gray matter. Furthermore, RSNs at areas of severe susceptibility were proved accessible including human anterior prefrontal cortex and rat piriform cortex. These findings demonstrated for the first time that passband bSSFP approach can be a promising alternative to GE-EPI for rsfMRI. It offers distortion-free and high-resolution RSNs and is potentially suited for high field studies. Secondly, to examine the macrovascular contributions to the spatial and spectral prosperities of resting-state networks, spin-echo echo-planar imaging (SE-EPI) with moderate diffusion weighting (DW) was proposed for rsfMRI. SE and DW suppressed the extravascular and intravascular contributions from macrovessels respectively. Significantly lower functional connectivity strength was observed in the posterior cingulate cortex of the default mode network derived from DW SE-EPI data comparing to that derived from SE-EPI, suggesting a confounding role played by the intravascular component from large veins, whereas no significant spectral difference was detected. Therefore, the DW SEEPI approach for rsfMRI may assist in better identifying and interpreting largescale brain networks with future improvement in temporal resolution by acceleration techniques and in sensitivity at higher field. Thirdly, rsfMRI was performed to evaluate the intrinsic functional networks in the corresponding anatomical visual brain connections traced by Mn-enhanced MRI (MEMRI). Strengths of resting-state functional connectivity appeared to couple with structural connectivity in MEMRI, demonstrating the sensitivity of these structural and functional connectivity MRI techniques for assessing the neuroarchitecture, neurophysiology and structural-functional relationships in the visual brain in vivo. Fourthly, the hypothesis that a regional activation identified via general linear model analysis of fMRI data reflects the summation of multiple distinct networks that carry different functional purposes was tested. Overlapping frontoparietal networks engaged in a simple single-digit multiplication task were found and their functional roles were evaluated through independent components analysis and contributive source analysis. Future studies incorporating different arithmetic tasks and resting state will shed more light upon how brain accomplishes arithmetic and more complex tasks in general. Lastly, benefiting from higher SNR, better spatial and temporal resolution at higher fiel
Author : Nitish V. Thakor
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811655405
Total Pages : 3686 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Neuroengineering written by Nitish V. Thakor and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-02 with total page 3686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook serves as an authoritative reference book in the field of Neuroengineering. Neuroengineering is a very exciting field that is rapidly getting established as core subject matter for research and education. The Neuroengineering field has also produced an impressive array of industry products and clinical applications. It also serves as a reference book for graduate students, research scholars and teachers. Selected sections or a compendium of chapters may be used as “reference book” for a one or two semester graduate course in Biomedical Engineering. Some academicians will construct a “textbook” out of selected sections or chapters. The Handbook is also meant as a state-of-the-art volume for researchers. Due to its comprehensive coverage, researchers in one field covered by a certain section of the Handbook would find other sections valuable sources of cross-reference for information and fertilization of interdisciplinary ideas. Industry researchers as well as clinicians using neurotechnologies will find the Handbook a single source for foundation and state-of-the-art applications in the field of Neuroengineering. Regulatory agencies, entrepreneurs, investors and legal experts can use the Handbook as a reference for their professional work as well.
Author : Luis M. Colon-Perez
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 288945472X
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)
Download or read book Novel Tools for the Study of Structural and Functional Networks in the Brain written by Luis M. Colon-Perez and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the history of neuroscience, technological advances are the drivers behind many major advances in our understanding of the nervous system. Investigations of the structure and function of the brain take place on multiple scales, including macroscale at the level of brain regions, mesoscale at the level of neuronal populations, and microscale at the level of single neurons and neuron to neuron interactions. Integration of knowledge over these scales requires novel techniques and interpretations. In this research topic, we highlight nine articles that integrate structural and functional approaches to study brain networks.
Author : Yong He
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889194353
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)
Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Healthy and Diseased Brain Networks written by Yong He and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-03-05 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An important aspect of neuroscience is to characterize the underlying connectivity patterns of the human brain (i.e., human connectomics). Over the past few years, researchers have demonstrated that by combining a variety of different neuroimaging technologies (e.g., structural MRI, diffusion MRI and functional MRI) with sophisticated analytic strategies such as graph theory, it is possible to noninvasively map the patterns of structural and functional connectivity of human whole-brain networks. With these novel approaches, many studies have shown that human brain networks have nonrandom properties such as modularity, small-worldness and highly connected hubs. Importantly, these quantifiable network properties change with age, learning and disease. Moreover, there is growing evidence for behavioral and genetic correlates. Network analysis of neuroimaging data is opening up a new avenue of research into the understanding of the organizational principles of the brain that will be of interest for all basic scientists and clinical researchers. Such approaches are powerful but there are a number of challenging issues when extracting reliable brain networks from various imaging modalities and analyzing the topological properties, e.g., definitions of network nodes and edges and reproducibility of network analysis. We assembled contributions related to the state-of-the-art methodologies of brain connectivity and the applications involving development, aging and neuropsychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and mood and anxiety disorders. It is anticipated that the articles in this Research Topic will provide a greater range and depth of provision for the field of imaging connectomics.
Author : Alex Fornito
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
ISBN 13 : 288919051X
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)
Download or read book Magnetic resonance imaging of disturbed brain connectivity in psychiatric illness written by Alex Fornito and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The widespread application of brain imaging to the study of psychiatric disorders has led to a revolution in our understanding of the neural basis of psychiatric illness. In particular, the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has provided an unprecedented capacity for quantifying diverse aspects of brain structure and function in vivo, and has been used to identify brain changes associated with the full spectrum of psychopathology. With respect to major psychiatric disorders, it is now abundantly clear from this literature that focal brain dysfunction is rare. Rather, most disorders are associated with abnormalities in large-scale networks of spatially distributed and interconnected brain regions; i.e., they are disorders of brain connectivity. Such considerations highlight the need to understand brain dysfunction in psychiatric illness from a network-based perspective. This goal is starting to be realized through recent advances in the use of MRI to map the brain’s complex connectivity architecture. In this special edition, we invite contributions that address brain network dysfunction in psychiatric illnesses. Specifically, the work must be concerned with understanding interactions between brain regions, and how their alterations are affected by psychiatric disease. These interactions can be studied at the level of anatomy using diffusion-MRI or function using functional MRI (fMRI), with the full range of methods available (e.g., tractography, seed-based correlations, independent component analysis, graph analysis, dynamic causal modeling, etc.). Contributions can be either reviews of recent, relevant literature addressing brain network dysfunction in psychiatric disease, or experimental papers describing novel insights into brain network disturbances in such illnesses. Contributions will be invited covering a broad spectrum of psychiatric disease, including mood and anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and neurodegenerative conditions. It is intended that this volume will provide important insights into how brain networks are perturbed by psychiatric disease, and allow identification of commonalities and differences across diagnostic categories.
Author : Alan Anticevic
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128098260
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)
Download or read book Computational Psychiatry written by Alan Anticevic and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-09-19 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational Psychiatry: Mathematical Modeling of Mental Illness is the first systematic effort to bring together leading scholars in the fields of psychiatry and computational neuroscience who have conducted the most impactful research and scholarship in this area. It includes an introduction outlining the challenges and opportunities facing the field of psychiatry that is followed by a detailed treatment of computational methods used in the service of understanding neuropsychiatric symptoms, improving diagnosis and guiding treatments. This book provides a vital resource for the clinical neuroscience community with an in-depth treatment of various computational neuroscience approaches geared towards understanding psychiatric phenomena. Its most valuable feature is a comprehensive survey of work from leaders in this field. Offers an in-depth overview of the rapidly evolving field of computational psychiatry Written for academics, researchers, advanced students and clinicians in the fields of computational neuroscience, clinical neuroscience, psychiatry, clinical psychology, neurology and cognitive neuroscience Provides a comprehensive survey of work from leaders in this field and a presentation of a range of computational psychiatry methods and approaches geared towards a broad array of psychiatric problems
Author : Catherine Elizabeth Chang
Publisher : Stanford University
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Toward Improved Characterization of Brain Network Temporal Properties with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Catherine Elizabeth Chang and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based on blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast is a powerful technique for non-invasive measurement of brain activity. Recent fMRI studies have revealed that the spontaneous BOLD fluctuations of the human brain organize into distributed, temporally-coherent networks ("resting-state networks"; RSNs). Examination of RSNs has yielded valuable insight into neural organization and development, and demonstrates potential as a biomarker for conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and depression. However, the accuracy by which the spatio-temporal properties of RSNs can be delineated using fMRI is compromised by the presence of physiological (cardiac and respiratory) noise and vascular hemodynamic variability. Further, our present understanding of how RSNs may interact and support cognitive function has been limited by the fact that the vast majority of studies to-date analyze RSNs in a manner that assumes temporal stationarity. Here, we describe efforts to correct for non-neural physiological influences on the BOLD signal, as well as investigations into the dynamic character of resting-state network connectivity. It is found that low-frequency variations in cardiac and respiratory processes account for significant noise across widespread gray matter regions, and that a constrained deconvolution approach may prove effective for modeling and reducing their effects. Application of the proposed noise-reduction procedure is observed to yield negative correlations between the spontaneous fluctuations of two major RSNs. The relationship between respiratory volume changes and the BOLD signal is further examined by simultaneously monitoring and comparing chest expansion data, end-tidal gas concentrations, and spontaneous BOLD fluctuations. The use of a breath-holding task is proposed for quantifying regional differences in BOLD signal timing that arise from local vasomotor response delays; such non-neural timing delays are found to impact inferences of resting-state connectivity and causality. Finally, a preliminary analysis of non-stationary connectivity between RSNs is performed using wavelet and sliding-window approaches, and it is observed that interactions between networks may reconfigure on time-scales of seconds to minutes.
Author : Lori A. Whitten
Publisher : RTI Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) written by Lori A. Whitten and published by RTI Press. This book was released on 2012-12-11 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sophisticated methods of neuroscience—including molecular genetics, structural and functional neuroimaging, animal models, and experimental tasks that approximate real-world behaviors in human research—have yielded important insights about typical functioning and neurobehavioral disorders. Translational neuroscience endeavors to use this knowledge to improve the human condition by developing and improving interventions for these disorders. This paper reviews the literature on the contribution of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and two related techniques, resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) and real-time fMRI (rt-fMRI), to the diagnosis and treatment of behavioral problems and psychiatric disorders. It also explains how incorporating neuroscience principles and techniques into research on the prevention of substance misuse and antisocial behavior may spur advances and innovations in this important area. This article argues that fMRI’s potential contribution to these prevention efforts has yet to be fully realized, explores new ways in which the technique could be adapted to that end, highlights some of the work by researchers in the vanguard of this effort, and notes limitations of fMRI and ethical concerns the technique raises.
Author : Jörg Polzehl
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030291847
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)
Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging written by Jörg Polzehl and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-25 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the modeling and analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data acquired from the human brain. The data processing pipelines described rely on R. The book is intended for readers from two communities: Statisticians who are interested in neuroimaging and looking for an introduction to the acquired data and typical scientific problems in the field; and neuroimaging students wanting to learn about the statistical modeling and analysis of MRI data. Offering a practical introduction to the field, the book focuses on those problems in data analysis for which implementations within R are available. It also includes fully worked examples and as such serves as a tutorial on MRI analysis with R, from which the readers can derive their own data processing scripts. The book starts with a short introduction to MRI and then examines the process of reading and writing common neuroimaging data formats to and from the R session. The main chapters cover three common MR imaging modalities and their data modeling and analysis problems: functional MRI, diffusion MRI, and Multi-Parameter Mapping. The book concludes with extended appendices providing details of the non-parametric statistics used and the resources for R and MRI data.The book also addresses the issues of reproducibility and topics like data organization and description, as well as open data and open science. It relies solely on a dynamic report generation with knitr and uses neuroimaging data publicly available in data repositories. The PDF was created executing the R code in the chunks and then running LaTeX, which means that almost all figures, numbers, and results were generated while producing the PDF from the sources.
Author : Mikhail I. Rabinovich
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262549905
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)
Download or read book Principles of Brain Dynamics written by Mikhail I. Rabinovich and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2023-12-05 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental and theoretical approaches to global brain dynamics that draw on the latest research in the field. The consideration of time or dynamics is fundamental for all aspects of mental activity—perception, cognition, and emotion—because the main feature of brain activity is the continuous change of the underlying brain states even in a constant environment. The application of nonlinear dynamics to the study of brain activity began to flourish in the 1990s when combined with empirical observations from modern morphological and physiological observations. This book offers perspectives on brain dynamics that draw on the latest advances in research in the field. It includes contributions from both theoreticians and experimentalists, offering an eclectic treatment of fundamental issues. Topics addressed range from experimental and computational approaches to transient brain dynamics to the free-energy principle as a global brain theory. The book concludes with a short but rigorous guide to modern nonlinear dynamics and their application to neural dynamics.
Author : Jean Chen
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323985459
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)
Download or read book Advances in Resting-State Functional MRI- written by Jean Chen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-07-03 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Resting-State Functional MRI: Methods, Interpretation, and Applications gives readers with basic neuroimaging experience an up-to-date and in-depth understanding of the methods, opportunities, and challenges in rs-fMRI. The book covers current knowledge gaps in rs-fMRI, including "what are biologically plausible brain networks," "how to tell what part is noise," "how to perform quality assurance on the data," "what are the spatial and temporal limits of our ability to resolve FC," and "how to best identify network features related to individual differences or disease state". This book is an ideal reference for neuroscientists, computational neuroscientists, psychologists, biomedical engineers, physicists and medical physicists. Both new and more advanced researchers alike will be able to discover new information distilled from the past decade of research to become well-versed in rs-fMRI-related topics. Presents the first book to explain the latest methods, opportunities and challenges of Resting-state Functional MRI Edited and authored by leading researchers in fMRI Includes neuroscientific and clinical applications
Author : Fenna M. Krienen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (87 download)
Download or read book Large-Scale Networks in the Human Brain Revealed by Functional Connectivity MRI. written by Fenna M. Krienen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human brain is composed of distributed networks that connect a disproportionately large neocortex to the brainstem, cerebellum and other subcortical structures. New methods for analyzing non-invasive imaging data have begun to reveal new insights into human brain organization. These methods permit characterization of functional interactions within and across brain networks, and allow us to appreciate points of departure between the human brain and non-human primates.
Author : Alex Fornito
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0124081185
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (24 download)
Download or read book Fundamentals of Brain Network Analysis written by Alex Fornito and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-03-04 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Brain Network Analysis is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to methods for unraveling the extraordinary complexity of neuronal connectivity. From the perspective of graph theory and network science, this book introduces, motivates and explains techniques for modeling brain networks as graphs of nodes connected by edges, and covers a diverse array of measures for quantifying their topological and spatial organization. It builds intuition for key concepts and methods by illustrating how they can be practically applied in diverse areas of neuroscience, ranging from the analysis of synaptic networks in the nematode worm to the characterization of large-scale human brain networks constructed with magnetic resonance imaging. This text is ideally suited to neuroscientists wanting to develop expertise in the rapidly developing field of neural connectomics, and to physical and computational scientists wanting to understand how these quantitative methods can be used to understand brain organization. Winner of the 2017 PROSE Award in Biomedicine & Neuroscience and the 2017 British Medical Association (BMA) Award in Neurology Extensively illustrated throughout by graphical representations of key mathematical concepts and their practical applications to analyses of nervous systems Comprehensively covers graph theoretical analyses of structural and functional brain networks, from microscopic to macroscopic scales, using examples based on a wide variety of experimental methods in neuroscience Designed to inform and empower scientists at all levels of experience, and from any specialist background, wanting to use modern methods of network science to understand the organization of the brain
Author : Sung-Lai Yuen
Publisher : Open Dissertation Press
ISBN 13 : 9781374669147
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (691 download)
Download or read book Plasticity of Human Brain Networks as Revealed by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Sung-Lai Yuen and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Plasticity of Human Brain Networks as Revealed by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging" by Sung-lai, Yuen, 袁崇禮, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled Plasticity of human brain networks as revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging Submitted by YUEN Sung Lai For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong in May 2007 The whole concept of "neural plasticity" has attracted a lot of research attention for its potential benefit to many people living with the sequalae of various brain pathologies. Via environmental influences and internal neurochemical activities, our brain exercises its potential of organizing itself in such a way that functions could be maximized. This thesis reports a series of neuroimaging studies that examines three forms of neural plasticity, namely 1) training-induced plasticity; 2) plastic change of brain circuitry after congenital or early sensory deficit; and 3) reorganization of neural circuitry after recovery from brain injury. In study one, we trained a group of healthy volunteers on a novel task that associates auditory signals with spatial information. Results showed that continuous training reduced activities in the general executive circuit supporting general task performance but increased activities in task-specific sensory processing regions. The coupling between general executive circuit and task-specific sensory regions may form the basis of training-induced connectivity. 1In study two, we recruited a group of blind subjects who were deprived of visual input either congenitally or very early in their lives. Their performance on the same experimental task of study one suggested that congenital or early sensory deprivation may result in an alteration of the functioning of the occipital regions. Furthermore, the pattern of brain activities observed in the blind group was significantly different from that of the sighted group. In study three, we showed that recovery after damage to the executive circuit may regain part of the function via reorganizing the brain circuits. Our findings are consistent with an information processing framework that describes the changes of brain activities, in the task-specific sensory regions and in the general executive circuit, associated with neural plasticity resulting from training and early environmental influences. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings were discussed. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3883760 Subjects: Neuroplasticity Nervous system - Magnetic resonance imaging Brain - Magnetic resonance imaging
