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Author : Leonard Trelawney Hobhouse
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Rational Good written by Leonard Trelawney Hobhouse and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book The Rational Good written by Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : L. T. Hobhouse
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9781330221884
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (218 download)
Download or read book The Rational Good written by L. T. Hobhouse and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2015-06-26 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Rational Good: A Study in the Logic of Practice Chapter III. The Rational (1) The rational judgment is that which is consistent, grounded and objective, the first two characters being the test of the third. (2) The search for grounds leads up to immediate judgments both particular and general. Particular immediate judgments, however, are not indubitably true, but are corroborated by interconnexion. (3) Immediate general judgments likewise require interconnexion. (4) Interconnectedness is in fact the rational basis of belief. (5) The grounds on which interconnexion rests are universal relations. (6) The principles of interconnexion rest on the consilience of all consistent acts of inference. (7) The rational in cognition is then the effort to attain truth by the persistent interconnexion of judgments through universal relations. Chapter IV The Good (1) Is there any reason in the choice of ultimate ends, i.e. is there a Rational Good? (2) Generically the Good appears as a harmony (mutual support) of feeling and effort, (3) or of feeling and passive experience including, e.g., observation of the behaviour of another. Generically pleasure is feeling in harmony and pain in disharmony. (4) The fact asserted by the judgment "This is Good" is thus a relation between an experience and a feeling. Either element may be called good as pertaining to the whole. Chapter V The Rational Good (1) The Rational Good must be a consistent scheme of purposes interconnected by universal relations in which subjective disturbance is eliminated, (2) This involves a dual harmony of feeling with feeling and of feeling with experience. (3) There may be internal consistency from a more partial point of view but rationality involves universalism, i.e. a system comprehending the whole world of all minds in a single scheme. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author : Keith E. Stanovich
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262034840
Total Pages : 479 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)
Download or read book The Rationality Quotient written by Keith E. Stanovich and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-09-30 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How to assess critical aspects of cognitive functioning that are not measured by IQ tests: rational thinking skills. Why are we surprised when smart people act foolishly? Smart people do foolish things all the time. Misjudgments and bad decisions by highly educated bankers and money managers, for example, brought us the financial crisis of 2008. Smart people do foolish things because intelligence is not the same as the capacity for rational thinking. The Rationality Quotient explains that these two traits, often (and incorrectly) thought of as one, refer to different cognitive functions. The standard IQ test, the authors argue, doesn't measure any of the broad components of rationality—adaptive responding, good judgment, and good decision making. The authors show that rational thinking, like intelligence, is a measurable cognitive competence. Drawing on theoretical work and empirical research from the last two decades, they present the first prototype for an assessment of rational thinking analogous to the IQ test: the CART (Comprehensive Assessment of Rational Thinking). The authors describe the theoretical underpinnings of the CART, distinguishing the algorithmic mind from the reflective mind. They discuss the logic of the tasks used to measure cognitive biases, and they develop a unique typology of thinking errors. The Rationality Quotient explains the components of rational thought assessed by the CART, including probabilistic and scientific reasoning; the avoidance of “miserly” information processing; and the knowledge structures needed for rational thinking. Finally, the authors discuss studies of the CART and the social and practical implications of such a test. An appendix offers sample items from the test.
Author : Steven Pinker
Publisher : Penguin UK
ISBN 13 : 0241380308
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (413 download)
Download or read book Rationality written by Steven Pinker and published by Penguin UK. This book was released on 2021-09-28 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A TIMES BOOK OF THE YEAR 2021 'Punchy, funny and invigorating ... Pinker is the high priest of rationalism' Sunday Times 'If you've ever considered taking drugs to make yourself smarter, read Rationality instead. It's cheaper, more entertaining, and more effective' Jonathan Haidt, author of The Righteous Mind In the twenty-first century, humanity is reaching new heights of scientific understanding - and at the same time appears to be losing its mind. How can a species that discovered vaccines for Covid-19 in less than a year produce so much fake news, quack cures and conspiracy theorizing? In Rationality, Pinker rejects the cynical cliché that humans are simply an irrational species - cavemen out of time fatally cursed with biases, fallacies and illusions. After all, we discovered the laws of nature, lengthened and enriched our lives and set the benchmarks for rationality itself. Instead, he explains, we think in ways that suit the low-tech contexts in which we spend most of our lives, but fail to take advantage of the powerful tools of reasoning we have built up over millennia: logic, critical thinking, probability, causal inference, and decision-making under uncertainty. These tools are not a standard part of our educational curricula, and have never been presented clearly and entertainingly in a single book - until now. Rationality matters. It leads to better choices in our lives and in the public sphere, and is the ultimate driver of social justice and moral progress. Brimming with insight and humour, Rationality will enlighten, inspire and empower. 'A terrific book, much-needed for our time' Peter Singer
Author : Leonard Trelawney Hobhouse
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780678007631
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (76 download)
Download or read book The Rational Good written by Leonard Trelawney Hobhouse and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Leonard T. Hobhouse
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 9781138929333
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (293 download)
Download or read book The Rational Good written by Leonard T. Hobhouse and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-05-15 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1921, this book explores the function of Reason in practical life. It considers whether there is a Rational, demonstrable, standard of values to which the actions of man and the institutions of society may be referred for judgement, and to what authority and power does it possess to influence the actual conduct of men and society.
Author : Juan Comesaña
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198847718
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)
Download or read book Being Rational and Being Right written by Juan Comesaña and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-03-13 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Being Rational and Being Right, Juan Comesa�a argues for a cluster of theses related to the rationality of action and belief. His starting point is that rational action requires rational belief but tolerates false belief. From there, Comesa�a provides a novel account of empirical evidence according to which said evidence consists of the content of undefeated experiences. This view, which Comesa�a calls "Experientialism," differs from the two main views of empirical evidence on offer nowadays: Factualism, according to which our evidence is what we know, and Psychologism, according to which our experiences themselves are evidence. He reasons that Experientialism fares better than these rival views in explaining different features of rational belief and action. Comesa�a embeds this discussion in a Bayesian framework, and discusses in addition the problem of normative requirements, the easy knowledge problem, and how Experientialism compares to Evidentialism, Reliabilism, and Comesa�a's own (now superseded) Evidentialist Reliabilism.
Author : Ronald de Sousa
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190293535
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Why Think? written by Ronald de Sousa and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-06-25 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a world where natural selection has shaped adaptations of astonishing ingenuity, what is the scope and unique power of rational thinking? In this short but wide-ranging book, philosopher Ronald de Sousa looks at the twin set of issues surrounding the power of natural selection to mimic rational design, and rational thinking as itself a product of natural selection. While we commonly deem ourselves superior to other species, the logic of natural selection should not lead us to expect that nature does everything for the best. Similarly, rational action does not always promote the best possible outcomes. So what is the difference? Is the pursuit of rationality actually an effective strategy? Part of the answer lies in language, including mathematics and science. Language is the most striking device by which we have made ourselves smarter than our nearest primate cousins. Sometimes the purely instinctual responses we share with other animals put explicit reasoning to shame: the movements of a trained athlete are faster and more accurate than anything she could explicitly calculate. Language, however, with its power to abstract from concrete experience and to range over all aspects of nature, enables breathtakingly precise calculations, which have taken us to the moon and beyond. Most importantly, however, language enables us to formulate an endless multiplicity of values, in potential conflict with one another as well as with instinctual imperatives. In short, this sophisticated and entertaining book shows how our rationality and our irrationality are inextricably intertwined. Ranging over a wide array of evidence, it explores the true ramifications of being human in the natural world.
Author : Reid Hastie
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1412959039
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Rational Choice in an Uncertain World written by Reid Hastie and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2010 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Second Edition of Rational Choice in an Uncertain World the authors compare the basic principles of rationality with actual behaviour in making decisions. They describe theories and research findings from the field of judgment and decision making in a non-technical manner, using anecdotes as a teaching device. Intended as an introductory textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, the material not only is of scholarly interest but is practical as well. The Second Edition includes: - more coverage on the role of emotions, happiness, and general well-being in decisions - a summary of the new research on the neuroscience of decision processes - more discussion of the adaptive value of (non-rational heuristics) - expansion of the graphics for decision trees, probability trees, and Venn diagrams.
Author : Leonard T. Hobhouse
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317399641
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)
Download or read book The Rational Good written by Leonard T. Hobhouse and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-06-03 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1921, this book explores the function of Reason in practical life. It considers whether there is a Rational, demonstrable, standard of values to which the actions of man and the institutions of society may be referred for judgement, and to what authority and power does it possess to influence the actual conduct of men and society.
Author : Julia Staffel
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198833717
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)
Download or read book Unsettled Thoughts written by Julia Staffel and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-01-05 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How should thinkers cope with uncertainty? What makes their degrees of belief rational, and how should they reason about uncertain matters? In epistemology, recent research has attempted to answer these questions by developing formal models of ideally rational credences. However, we know from psychological research that perfect rationality is unattainable for human thinkers--and so this raises the question of how rational ideals can apply to human thinkers. A popular reply is that the more a thinker's imperfectly rational credences approximate compliance with norms of ideal rationality, the better. But what exactly does this mean? Why is it better to be less irrational, if we can't ever be completely rational? And what does being closer to ideally rational amount to? If ideal models of rationality are supposed to help us understand the rationality of human, imperfect thinkers, we need answers to these questions. Unsettled Thoughts breaks new ground in the study of rationality in providing these answers: we can explain why it's better to be less irrational, because less irrational degrees of belief are generally more accurate and better at guiding our actions. Moreover, the way in which approximating ideal rationality is beneficial can be made formally precise by using a variety of distance measures that track the benefits of being more rational.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (64 download)
Download or read book The Rational Good written by and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Douglas T. Kenrick
Publisher : Basic Books (AZ)
ISBN 13 : 0465032427
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (65 download)
Download or read book The Rational Animal written by Douglas T. Kenrick and published by Basic Books (AZ). This book was released on 2013-09-10 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do three out of four professional football players go bankrupt? How can illiterate jungle dwellers pass a test that tricks Harvard philosophers? And why do billionaires work so hard—only to give their hard-earned money away? When it comes to making decisions, the classic view is that humans are eminently rational. But growing evidence suggests instead that our choices are often irrational, biased, and occasionally even moronic. Which view is right—or is there another possibility? In this animated tour of the inner workings of the mind, psychologist Douglas T. Kenrick and business professor Vladas Griskevicius challenge the prevailing views of decision making, and present a new alternative grounded in evolutionary science. By connecting our modern behaviors to their ancestral roots, they reveal that underneath our seemingly foolish tendencies is an exceptionally wise system of decision making. From investing money to choosing a job, from buying a car to choosing a romantic partner, our choices are driven by deep-seated evolutionary goals. Because each of us has multiple evolutionary goals, though, new research reveals something radical—there’s more than one “you” making decisions. Although it feels as if there is just one single “self” inside your head, your mind actually contains several different subselves, each one steering you in a different direction when it takes its turn at the controls. The Rational Animal will transform the way you think about decision making. And along the way, you’ll discover the intimate connections between ovulating strippers, Wall Street financiers, testosterone-crazed skateboarders, Steve Jobs, Elvis Presley, and you.
Author : Keith E. Stanovich
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262045753
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)
Download or read book The Bias That Divides Us written by Keith E. Stanovich and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-08-31 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why we don't live in a post-truth society but rather a myside society: what science tells us about the bias that poisons our politics. In The Bias That Divides Us, psychologist Keith Stanovich argues provocatively that we don't live in a post-truth society, as has been claimed, but rather a myside society. Our problem is not that we are unable to value and respect truth and facts, but that we are unable to agree on commonly accepted truth and facts. We believe that our side knows the truth. Post-truth? That describes the other side. The inevitable result is political polarization. Stanovich shows what science can tell us about myside bias: how common it is, how to avoid it, and what purposes it serves. Stanovich explains that although myside bias is ubiquitous, it is an outlier among cognitive biases. It is unpredictable. Intelligence does not inoculate against it, and myside bias in one domain is not a good indicator of bias shown in any other domain. Stanovich argues that because of its outlier status, myside bias creates a true blind spot among the cognitive elite--those who are high in intelligence, executive functioning, or other valued psychological dispositions. They may consider themselves unbiased and purely rational in their thinking, but in fact they are just as biased as everyone else. Stanovich investigates how this bias blind spot contributes to our current ideologically polarized politics, connecting it to another recent trend: the decline of trust in university research as a disinterested arbiter.
Author : Paul Bloom
Publisher : HarperCollins
ISBN 13 : 0062339354
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (623 download)
Download or read book Against Empathy written by Paul Bloom and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2016-12-06 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New York Post Best Book of 2016 We often think of our capacity to experience the suffering of others as the ultimate source of goodness. Many of our wisest policy-makers, activists, scientists, and philosophers agree that the only problem with empathy is that we don’t have enough of it. Nothing could be farther from the truth, argues Yale researcher Paul Bloom. In AGAINST EMPATHY, Bloom reveals empathy to be one of the leading motivators of inequality and immorality in society. Far from helping us to improve the lives of others, empathy is a capricious and irrational emotion that appeals to our narrow prejudices. It muddles our judgment and, ironically, often leads to cruelty. We are at our best when we are smart enough not to rely on it, but to draw instead upon a more distanced compassion. Basing his argument on groundbreaking scientific findings, Bloom makes the case that some of the worst decisions made by individuals and nations—who to give money to, when to go to war, how to respond to climate change, and who to imprison—are too often motivated by honest, yet misplaced, emotions. With precision and wit, he demonstrates how empathy distorts our judgment in every aspect of our lives, from philanthropy and charity to the justice system; from medical care and education to parenting and marriage. Without empathy, Bloom insists, our decisions would be clearer, fairer, and—yes—ultimately more moral. Brilliantly argued, urgent and humane, AGAINST EMPATHY shows us that, when it comes to both major policy decisions and the choices we make in our everyday lives, limiting our impulse toward empathy is often the most compassionate choice we can make.
Author : L T 1864-1929 Hobhouse
Publisher : Palala Press
ISBN 13 : 9781347552018
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (52 download)
Download or read book The Rational Good written by L T 1864-1929 Hobhouse and published by Palala Press. This book was released on 2015-12-06 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
