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The Psychology Of Eyewitness Identification
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Book Synopsis The Psychology of Eyewitness Identification by : James Michael Lampinen
Download or read book The Psychology of Eyewitness Identification written by James Michael Lampinen and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2012-04-27 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a tutorial review and evaluation of scientific research on the accuracy and reliability of eyewitness identification. The book starts with the perspective that there are a variety of conceptual and empirical problems with eyewitness identification as a form of forensic evidence, just as there are a variety of problems with other forms of forensic evidence. There is then an examination of the important results in the study of eyewitness memory and the implications of this research for psychological theory and for social and legal policy. The volume takes the perspective that research on eyewitness identification can be seen as the paradigmatic example of how psychological science can be successfully applied to real-world problems.
Book Synopsis The Psychology of Eyewitness Testimony by : A. Daniel Yarmey
Download or read book The Psychology of Eyewitness Testimony written by A. Daniel Yarmey and published by New York : Free Press. This book was released on 1979 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mistaken Identification by : Brian L. Cutler
Download or read book Mistaken Identification written by Brian L. Cutler and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-08-25 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines traditional safeguards against mistaken eyewitness identification.
Book Synopsis Identifying the Culprit by : National Research Council
Download or read book Identifying the Culprit written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-01-16 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eyewitnesses play an important role in criminal cases when they can identify culprits. Estimates suggest that tens of thousands of eyewitnesses make identifications in criminal investigations each year. Research on factors that affect the accuracy of eyewitness identification procedures has given us an increasingly clear picture of how identifications are made, and more importantly, an improved understanding of the principled limits on vision and memory that can lead to failure of identification. Factors such as viewing conditions, duress, elevated emotions, and biases influence the visual perception experience. Perceptual experiences are stored by a system of memory that is highly malleable and continuously evolving, neither retaining nor divulging content in an informational vacuum. As such, the fidelity of our memories to actual events may be compromised by many factors at all stages of processing, from encoding to storage and retrieval. Unknown to the individual, memories are forgotten, reconstructed, updated, and distorted. Complicating the process further, policies governing law enforcement procedures for conducting and recording identifications are not standard, and policies and practices to address the issue of misidentification vary widely. These limitations can produce mistaken identifications with significant consequences. What can we do to make certain that eyewitness identification convicts the guilty and exonerates the innocent? Identifying the Culprit makes the case that better data collection and research on eyewitness identification, new law enforcement training protocols, standardized procedures for administering line-ups, and improvements in the handling of eyewitness identification in court can increase the chances that accurate identifications are made. This report explains the science that has emerged during the past 30 years on eyewitness identifications and identifies best practices in eyewitness procedures for the law enforcement community and in the presentation of eyewitness evidence in the courtroom. In order to continue the advancement of eyewitness identification research, the report recommends a focused research agenda. Identifying the Culprit will be an essential resource to assist the law enforcement and legal communities as they seek to understand the value and the limitations of eyewitness identification and make improvements to procedures.
Book Synopsis The Handbook of Eyewitness Psychology: Volume II by : R.C.L. Lindsay
Download or read book The Handbook of Eyewitness Psychology: Volume II written by R.C.L. Lindsay and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2007-02-13 with total page 1095 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Eyewitness Psychology presents a survey of research and legal opinions from international experts on the rapidly expanding scientific literature addressing the accuracy and limitations of eyewitnesses as a source of evidence for the courts. For the first time, extensive reviews of factors influencing witnesses of all ages-chil
Book Synopsis Expert Testimony on the Psychology of Eyewitness Identification by : Brian L. Cutler
Download or read book Expert Testimony on the Psychology of Eyewitness Identification written by Brian L. Cutler and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-27 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eyewitness testimony is highly compelling in a criminal trial, and can have an indelible impact on jurors. However, two decades of research on the subject have shown us that eyewitnesses are sometimes wrong, even when they are highly confident that they are making correct identifications. This book brings together an impressive group of researchers and practicing attorneys to provide current overviews and critiques of key topics in eyewitness testimony.
Book Synopsis Methods, Measures, and Theories in Eyewitness Identification Tasks by : Andrew M. Smith
Download or read book Methods, Measures, and Theories in Eyewitness Identification Tasks written by Andrew M. Smith and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods, Measures, and Theories in Eyewitness Recognition Tasks provides a comprehensive review of the fundamental issues surrounding eyewitness recognition phenomena alongside suggestions for developing a more methodologically rigorous eyewitness science. Over the past 40 years, the field of eyewitness science has seen substantial advancement in eyewitness identification procedures, yet theoretical and methodological developments have fallen behind. Featuring contributions from prominent international scholars, this book examines methodological and theoretical limitations and explores important topics, including how to increase the accuracy of identifying perpetrators when using CCTV images, how to create more identifiable facial composites, and the differences in accuracy between younger and older eyewitnesses. Providing in-depth discussion on the limitations of traditional lineups, eyewitness memory fallibility, and the complications that arise when using laboratory simulations, along with suggestions for new methods, this book will be an invaluable resource for researchers in eyewitness recognition, lawyers, players in the criminal justice system, members of innocence commissions, and researchers with interests in cognitive psychology.
Download or read book Psychology and Law written by Neil Brewer and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2017-02-13 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the initial investigation of a crime to the sentencing of an offender, many everyday practices within the criminal justice system involve complex psychological processes. This volume analyzes the processes involved in such tasks as interviewing witnesses, detecting deception, and eliciting eyewitness reports and identification from adults and children. Factors that influence decision making by jurors and judges are examined as well. Throughout, findings from experimental research are translated into clear recommendations for improving the quality of evidence and the fairness of investigative and legal proceedings. The book also addresses salient methodological questions and identifies key directions for future investigation.
Book Synopsis Reform of Eyewitness Identification Procedures by : Brian L. Cutler
Download or read book Reform of Eyewitness Identification Procedures written by Brian L. Cutler and published by Amer Psychological Assn. This book was released on 2013 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades, nearly 300 U.S. citizens convicted of major felonies have been found innocent and exonerated. Along the way, forensic psychologists have played a key role in efforts to uncover and publicise the systemic issues that contribute to erroneous convictions. In his previous book, Conviction of the Innocent: Lessons From Psychological Research, Brian Cutler surveyed a wide range of psychological factors contributing to erroneous convictions. Now, in Reform of Eyewitness Identification Procedures, he narrows his focus to the most important single factor underlying many innocent convictions: mistaken eyewitness identifications. Top researchers in the field of eyewitness research present full reviews of the literature on key issues such as the nature and composition of police lineups the relative effectiveness of sequential vs. simultaneous lineups the importance of double-blind lineup administrations the effectiveness of lineups vs. showups the slippery nature of eyewitness memory In each chapter, authors turn research into practice by providing clear and practical recommendations for effective police and legal reform. This book is an important milestone in ongoing efforts to make mistaken convictions a thing of the past.
Book Synopsis Eyewitness Testimony by : Elizabeth F. Loftus
Download or read book Eyewitness Testimony written by Elizabeth F. Loftus and published by . This book was released on with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Eyewitness Testimony by : Elizabeth F. Loftus
Download or read book Eyewitness Testimony written by Elizabeth F. Loftus and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By shedding light on the many factors that can intervene and create inaccurate testimony, Elizabeth Loftus illustrates how memory can be radically altered by the way an eyewitness is questioned, and how new memories can be implanted and old ones changed in subtle ways.
Book Synopsis Eyewitness Testimony by : Elizabeth F. Loftus
Download or read book Eyewitness Testimony written by Elizabeth F. Loftus and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Picking Cotton by : Jennifer Thompson-Cannino
Download or read book Picking Cotton written by Jennifer Thompson-Cannino and published by St. Martin's Press. This book was released on 2010-01-05 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New York Times best selling true story of an unlikely friendship forged between a woman and the man she incorrectly identified as her rapist and sent to prison for 11 years. Jennifer Thompson was raped at knifepoint by a man who broke into her apartment while she slept. She was able to escape, and eventually positively identified Ronald Cotton as her attacker. Ronald insisted that she was mistaken-- but Jennifer's positive identification was the compelling evidence that put him behind bars. After eleven years, Ronald was allowed to take a DNA test that proved his innocence. He was released, after serving more than a decade in prison for a crime he never committed. Two years later, Jennifer and Ronald met face to face-- and forged an unlikely friendship that changed both of their lives. With Picking Cotton, Jennifer and Ronald tell in their own words the harrowing details of their tragedy, and challenge our ideas of memory and judgment while demonstrating the profound nature of human grace and the healing power of forgiveness.
Book Synopsis Psychological Issues in Eyewitness Identification by : Siegfried L. Sporer
Download or read book Psychological Issues in Eyewitness Identification written by Siegfried L. Sporer and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do police officers, investigators, prosecutors, judges, and others with an interest in eliciting accurate memory-based testimony need to inform themselves of the research literature in experimental psychology that addresses the question of witness memory? The answer is straightforward, from the perspective of a simple cost/benefit analysis. As with so many matters in the administration of public funds, effectiveness holds important rewards. Those who investigate crimes and decide which line of investigation to pursue and which line to postpone or set aside, necessarily make judgments about the likely guilt of suspects based on the information at hand. If they can make these judgments with a high degree of accuracy, everyone benefits. For many cases eyewitness identification is an important component of evidence, prosecution, and plea negotiation. If witness identification is correctly implemented, investigators and prosecutors can make their judgments effectively, and focus their resources more efficiently. A major component of effectiveness requires avoiding expending scarce resources on erroneous prosecutions. It is in everyone's interest to make the best use of the memory of witnesses: to preserve it without changing it; to render it maximally accessible; to provide an environment in which witnesses feel free to report their recollections; and to accurately assess the probable validity of the witness's report, regardless of the witness's certainty or doubts about its accuracy. This volume gathers evidence from various research domains on eyewitness testimony. Although many of the studies discussed deal with eyewitness identification, it is noteworthy that many of them also touch upon other areas of concern to eyewitness researchers, including chapters on: *voice recognition by humans and computers, with particularly detailed instructions on conducting voice "lineup," *differential aspects of recognition memory in children, *elderly eyewitness' memory, *problems of cross-racial identification, *psychological aspects of facial image reconstruction techniques, *person descriptions, *particular benefits of reinstating context as a means to improve eyewitness memory, *problems associated with various research paradigms in the eyewitness arena, and *recommendations on how to conduct lineups and photospreads and their proper evaluation. Differentiated from other literature on this topic by its non-technical language and accessibility to non-professionals, this volume covers a great deal of ground, raises a host of questions, settles some others, and points the way to more effective use and evaluation of what eyewitnesses have to say.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Eyewitness Psychology by : Michael P. Toglia
Download or read book Handbook of Eyewitness Psychology written by Michael P. Toglia and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Eyewitness Psychology presents a survey of research and legal opinions from international experts on the rapidly expanding scientific literature addressing the accuracy and limitations of eyewitnesses as a source of evidence for the courts. For the first time, extensive reviews of factors influencing witnesses of all ages-children, adults, and the elderly-are compiled in a single pair of volumes. The disparate research currently being conducted in eyewitness memory in psychology, criminal justice, and legal studies is coherently presented in this work. Controversial topics such as the use of hypnosis, false and recovered memories, the impact of stress, and the accuracy of psychologically impaired witnesses are expertly examined. Leading eyewitness researchers also discuss the subjects of conversational memory, alibi evidence, witness credibility, facial memory, earwitness testimony, lineup theory, and expert testimony. The impact of witness testimony in court is considered, and each volume concludes with a legal commentary chapter. The Handbook of Eyewitness Psychology is an invaluable aid to researchers, legal scholars, and practicing lawyers who need access to the most recent research in the field, accompanied by the interpretations and commentary of many of the world's leading authorities on these topics.
Author :National Institute of Justice (U.S.). Technical Working Group for Eyewitness Evidence Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :60 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (327 download)
Book Synopsis Eyewitness Evidence by : National Institute of Justice (U.S.). Technical Working Group for Eyewitness Evidence
Download or read book Eyewitness Evidence written by National Institute of Justice (U.S.). Technical Working Group for Eyewitness Evidence and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Psychology, Law and Eyewitness Testimony by : Peter B. Ainsworth
Download or read book Psychology, Law and Eyewitness Testimony written by Peter B. Ainsworth and published by Wiley. This book was released on 1999-05-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychology, Law and Eyewitness Testimony Peter B. Ainsworth, University of Manchester, UK Before giving evidence, witnesses have to swear to tell 'the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth'. Given current knowledge about human perception and memory, it is unlikely that witnesses will be able to keep this promise. Many professionals within the criminal justice and legal system are involved in recording and assessing eyewitness testimony, sometimes with unrealistic expectations of the ability of eyewitnesses to provide accurate and objective testimony: they, and students of psychology, law and criminology, will welcome this up-to-date, accessible survey of the concepts and research which now inform our knowledge of this field. Peter Ainsworth, an experienced lecturer and researcher, has written this book in a style suitable for non-specialists, and focuses on how and why witnesses make mistakes, how psychologists can help, and how legal procedures can be improved (for instance, by reducing the pressure on witnesses to guess). The text is authoritative, backed by references to key research, and well illustrated by examples of how psychology and law are interlinked in the study of eyewitness behaviour. "From some books you take new knowledge. Some books consolidate knowledge by clear writing. Occasionally, as in this book, you get both. Peter Ainsworth has done his readers a favour by presenting complex material simply yet succinctly. I hope the book enjoys the wide professional readership which it merits." Ken Pease, OBE, Professor of Criminology, University of Huddersfield, UK
