The Possibility Of Norms

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The Possibility of Norms

Author : Christoph Möllers
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192596039
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis The Possibility of Norms by : Christoph Möllers

Download or read book The Possibility of Norms written by Christoph Möllers and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-04-03 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What defines the social practices we currently call norms? They make theft forbidden, eating with a fork advisable, and paintings beautiful. Norms are commonly thought of as moral justifications for doing one thing and not doing another. They are also described in terms of their outcomes or effects, serving as mere causal explanations. The Possibility of Norms proposes a broader view of how norms function, how they are articulated, and how they are realized. It may be asking too much if we expect norms to be effective or morally right. Many norms are simply ineffective and many are at most ineffectively justifiable. Drawing upon a rich array of texts - from law and jurisprudence to philosophy, aesthetics, and the social sciences - Möllers argues for conceiving of social norms as positively marked possibilities. Positively marking a possibility indicates that it should be realized. Normativity thus hinges on judging the world from a distance and acknowledging the possibility of divergent states of the world. Hence, it is no longer theoretically problematic that there are morally unjustified norms, nor that norms can be broken. On the contrary, allowing for breaches may be an important feature of normativity. Möllers's conceptual study sheds new light on a range of paradigms in the humanities, social sciences, and cultural studies, reframing several aspects of norm theory and questioning the theoretical assumptions underlying existing empirical work on normativity.

The Possibility of Norms

Author : Christoph Möllers
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192596020
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis The Possibility of Norms by : Christoph Möllers

Norms in the Wild

Author : Cristina Bicchieri
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190622059
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Norms in the Wild by : Cristina Bicchieri

Download or read book Norms in the Wild written by Cristina Bicchieri and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large scale behavioral interventions work in some social contexts, but fail in others. The book explains this phenomenon with diverse personal and social behavioral motives, guided by research in economics, psychology, and international consulting done with UNICEF. The book offers tested tools that mobilize mass media, community groups, and autonomous "first movers" (or trendsetters) to alter harmful collective behaviors.

The Emergence of Norms

Author : Edna Ullmann-Margalit
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191064580
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Emergence of Norms by : Edna Ullmann-Margalit

Download or read book The Emergence of Norms written by Edna Ullmann-Margalit and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2015-03-05 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edna Ullmann-Margalit provides an original account of the emergence of norms. Her main thesis is that certain types of norms are possible solutions to problems posed by certain types of social interaction situations. The problems are such that they inhere in the structure (in the game-theoretical sense of structure) of the situations concerned. Three types of paradigmatic situations are dealt with. They are referred to as Prisoners' Dilemma-type situations; co-ordination situations; and inequality (or partiality) situations. Each of them, it is claimed, poses a basic difficulty, to some or all of the individuals involved in them. Three types of norms, respectively, are offered as solutions to these situational problems. It is shown how, and in what sense, the adoption of these norms of social behaviour can indeed resolve the specified problems.

Explaining Norms

Author : Geoffrey Brennan
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199654689
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis Explaining Norms by : Geoffrey Brennan

Download or read book Explaining Norms written by Geoffrey Brennan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-09-05 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the concept of norms by four different philosophers. They discuss how norms emerge, persist, change, and how they serve to explain what we do.

Norms, Values, and Society

Author : Herlinde Pauer-Studer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401724547
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Norms, Values, and Society by : Herlinde Pauer-Studer

Download or read book Norms, Values, and Society written by Herlinde Pauer-Studer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Norms, Values, and Society is the second Yearbook of the Vienna Circle Institute, which was founded in October 1991. The main part of the book contains original contributions to an international symposium the Institute held in October 1993 on ethics and social philosophy. The papers deal among others with questions of justice, equality, just social institutions, human rights, the connections between rationality and morality and the methodological problems of applied ethics. The Documentation section contains previously unpublished papers by Rudolf Carnap, Philipp Frank, Charles W. Morris and Edgar Zilsel, and the review section presents new publications on the Vienna Circle. The Vienna Circle Institute is devoted to the critical advancement of science and philosophy in the broad tradition of the Vienna Circle, as well as to the focusing of cross-disciplinary interest on the history and philosophy of science in a social context. The Institute's Yearbooks will, for the most part, document its activities and provide a forum for the discussion of exact philosophy, logical and empirical investigations, and analysis of language.

Sociology of Law as the Science of Norms

Author : Håkan Hydén
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000533107
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Sociology of Law as the Science of Norms by : Håkan Hydén

Download or read book Sociology of Law as the Science of Norms written by Håkan Hydén and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-12-28 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes the study of norms as a method of explaining human choice and behaviour by introducing a new scientific perspective. The science of norms may here be broadly understood as a social science which includes elements from both the behavioural and legal sciences. It is given that a science of norms is not normative in the sense of prescribing what is right or wrong in various situations. Compared with legal science, sociology of law has an interest in the operational side of legal rules and regulation. This book develops a synthesizing social science approach to better understand societal development in the wake of the increasingly significant digital technology. The underlying idea is that norms as expectations today are not primarily related to social expectations emanating from human interactions but come from systems that mankind has created for fulfilling its needs. Today the economy, via the market, and technology via digitization, generate stronger and more frequent expectations than the social system. By expanding the sociological understanding of norms, the book makes comparisons between different parts of society possible and creates a more holistic understanding of contemporary society. The book will be of interest to academics and researchers in the areas of sociology of law, legal theory, philosophy of law, sociology and social psychology.

Norms in Human Development

Author : Leslie Smith
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139458523
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Norms in Human Development by : Leslie Smith

Download or read book Norms in Human Development written by Leslie Smith and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-08-17 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The distinction between norms and facts is long-standing in providing a challenge for psychology. Norms exist as directives, commands, rules, customs and ideals, playing a constitutive role in human action and thought. Norms lay down 'what has to be' (the necessary, possible or impossible) and 'what has to be done' (the obligatory, the permitted or the forbidden) and so go beyond the 'is' of causality. During two millennia, norms made an essential contribution to accounts of the mind, yet the twentieth century witnessed an abrupt change in the science of psychology where norms were typically either excluded altogether or reduced to causes. The central argument in this book is twofold. Firstly, the approach in twentieth-century psychology is flawed. Secondly, norms operating interdependently with causes can be investigated empirically and theoretically in cognition, culture and morality. Human development is a norm-laden process.

Social Norms

Author : Michael Hechter
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610442806
Total Pages : 451 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Norms by : Michael Hechter

Download or read book Social Norms written by Michael Hechter and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2001-03-15 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social norms are rules that prescribe what people should and should not do given their social surroundings and circumstances. Norms instruct people to keep their promises, to drive on the right, or to abide by the golden rule. They are useful explanatory tools, employed to analyze phenomena as grand as international diplomacy and as mundane as the rules of the road. But our knowledge of norms is scattered across disciplines and research traditions, with no clear consensus on how the term should be used. Research on norms has focused on the content and the consequences of norms, without paying enough attention to their causes. Social Norms reaches across the disciplines of sociology, economics, game theory, and legal studies to provide a well-integrated theoretical and empirical account of how norms emerge, change, persist, or die out. Social Norms opens with a critical review of the many outstanding issues in the research on norms: When are norms simply devices to ease cooperation, and when do they carry intrinsic moral weight? Do norms evolve gradually over time or spring up spontaneously as circumstances change? The volume then turns to case studies on the birth and death of norms in a variety of contexts, from protest movements, to marriage, to mushroom collecting. The authors detail the concrete social processes, such as repeated interactions, social learning, threats and sanctions, that produce, sustain, and enforce norms. One case study explains how it can become normative for citizens to participate in political protests in times of social upheaval. Another case study examines how the norm of objectivity in American journalism emerged: Did it arise by consensus as the professional creed of the press corps, or was it imposed upon journalists by their employers? A third case study examines the emergence of the norm of national self-determination: has it diffused as an element of global culture, or was it imposed by the actions of powerful states? The book concludes with an examination of what we know of norm emergence, highlighting areas of agreement and points of contradiction between the disciplines. Norms may be useful in explaining other phenomena in society, but until we have a coherent theory of their origins we have not truly explained norms themselves. Social Norms moves us closer to a true understanding of this ubiquitous feature of social life.

The Impact of Norms in International Society

Author : Arie Marcelo Kacowicz
Publisher : University of Notre Dame Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Impact of Norms in International Society by : Arie Marcelo Kacowicz

Download or read book The Impact of Norms in International Society written by Arie Marcelo Kacowicz and published by University of Notre Dame Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses problems and puzzles associated with identifying international norms and the influence of these norms on the behavior of different states in international relations in a regional context. Arie M. Kacowicz's research traces several international norms of peace and security and examines their impact in Latin America between 1881 and 2001. He offers an original synthesis of positivist and constructivist approaches and links international relations, international law, international ethics, and Latin American diplomatic history. Kacowicz's primary argument is that a body of international norms of peace and security can be considered an independent and dynamic factor that affects the quality of international society generally and also plays a significant role in regional contexts. In developing his argument, he analyzes the origin of international norms, the impact of norms on the domestic and foreign behavior of states, and the conditions under which regional norms affect the political behavior of states. The book contains eleven empirical case-studies of the ways that international norms have affected the actions of Latin American states, ranging from the neutralization of the Magellan Straits in 1881, to the recent incorporation of Argentina, Chile, and Brazil into the Tlatelolco regime of a nuclear-weapons-free-zone in 1994, and the nuclear cooperation between Argentina and Brazil beginning in the late 1990s. These case-studies include stories of success through peaceful resolutions of conflict between states, of failure, and mixtures of both. Scholars and students of international relations and Latin America will find this book to be both a valuable analysis of international norms and a compelling diplomatic history

The Social Norms Approach to Preventing School and College Age Substance Abuse

Author : H. Wesley Perkins
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 078796459X
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (879 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Norms Approach to Preventing School and College Age Substance Abuse by : H. Wesley Perkins

Download or read book The Social Norms Approach to Preventing School and College Age Substance Abuse written by H. Wesley Perkins and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-02-24 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Social Norms Approach to Preventing School and College Age Substance Abuse offers educators, counselors, and clinicians a handbook for understanding and implementing a new and highly successful alternative to traditional methods for preventing substance abuse among young people. The proven "social norms" approach outlined in this book identifies young people's dramatic misperceptions about their peer norms and promotes accurate public reporting of actual positive norms that exist in all student populations. The contributors to this important book are the originators, pioneers, and active proponents of this new approach. Many of them have successfully applied the social norms approach in secondary and higher education settings and as a result have promoted healthier lifestyles among adolescents and young adults across the United States.

The Emergence of Norms

Author : Edna Ullmann-Margalit
Publisher : Clarendon Library of Logic and
ISBN 13 : 0198729383
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis The Emergence of Norms by : Edna Ullmann-Margalit

Download or read book The Emergence of Norms written by Edna Ullmann-Margalit and published by Clarendon Library of Logic and. This book was released on 2015 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally presented as the author's thesis, Oxford, 1973.

Norms and Necessity

Author : Amie L. Thomasson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019009821X
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Norms and Necessity by : Amie L. Thomasson

Download or read book Norms and Necessity written by Amie L. Thomasson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-01 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Claims about what is metaphysically necessary or possible have long played a central role in metaphysics and other areas of philosophy. Such claims are traditionally thought of as aiming to describe a special kind of modal fact or property, or perhaps facts about other possible worlds. But that assumption leads to difficult ontological, epistemological, and methodological puzzles. Should we accept that there are modal facts or properties, or other possible worlds? If so, what could these things be? How could we come to know what the modal facts or properties are? How can we resolve philosophical debates about what is metaphysically necessary or possible? Norms and Necessity develops a new approach to understanding our claims about metaphysical possibility and necessity: Modal Normativism. The Normativist rejects the assumption that modal claims aim to describe modal features or possible worlds, arguing instead that they serve as useful ways of conveying, reasoning with, and renegotiating semantic rules and their consequences. By dropping the descriptivist assumption, the Normativist is able to unravel the notorious ontological problems of modality, and provide a clear and plausible story about how we can come to know what is metaphysically necessary or possible. Most importantly, this approach helps demystify philosophical methodology. It reveals that resolving metaphysical modal questions does not require a special form of philosophical insight or intuition. Instead, it requires nothing more mysterious than empirical knowledge, conceptual mastery, and an ability to explicitly convey and renegotiate semantic rules.

Justice, Law, and Argument

Author : Ch. Perelman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400990103
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Justice, Law, and Argument by : Ch. Perelman

Download or read book Justice, Law, and Argument written by Ch. Perelman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection contains studies on justice, juridical reasoning and argumenta tion which contributed to my ideas on the new rhetoric. My reflections on justice, from 1944 to the present day, have given rise to various studies. The ftrst of these was published in English as The Idea of Justice and the Problem of Argument (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1963). The others, of which several are out of print or have never previously been published, are reunited in the present volume. As justice is, for me, the prime example of a "confused notion", of a notion which, like many philosophical concepts, cannot be reduced to clarity without being distorted, one cannot treat it without recourse to the methods of reasoning analyzed by the new rhetoric. In actuality, these methods have long been put into practice by jurists. Legal reasoning is fertile ground for the study of argumentation: it is to the new rhetoric what mathematics is to formal logic and to the theory of demonstrative proof. It is important, then, that philosophers should not limit their methodologi cal studies to mathematics and the natural sciences. They must not neglect law in the search for practical reason. I hope that these essays lead to be a better understanding of how law can enrich philosophical thought. CH. P.

Public Norms and Aspirations

Author : Willem Salet
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351619519
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis Public Norms and Aspirations by : Willem Salet

Download or read book Public Norms and Aspirations written by Willem Salet and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-03-05 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aspirations of individuals, organizations, and states, and their perceptions of problems and possible solutions circulate fast in this instantaneous society. Yet, the deliberation of the underlying public norms seems to escape the attention of the public. Institutions enable people to have reliable expectations of one another even when they are unsure of each other's aspirations and purposes. Public norms enable people to act under conditions of increasing uncertainty. To fulfill this role in society, institutions need enhancement, maintenance, and innovation. Public Norms and Aspirations aims to improve the methodology of planning research and practice by exploring the co-evolution of institutional innovation and the philosophy of pragmatism in processes of action. As most attention in planning research and planning practices goes to the pragmatic approaches of aspirations and problem solving, the field is awaiting an upgrade of institutional perspectives. This book aims to explore the interaction of institutional and pragmatic thought and to suggest how these two approaches might be integrated and applied in successful planning research. Searching this combination at the interface of sociology, planning, and law, Salet opens a unique niche in the existing planning literature.

The Dynamics of Norms

Author : Cristina Bicchieri
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521560627
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (66 download)

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Book Synopsis The Dynamics of Norms by : Cristina Bicchieri

Download or read book The Dynamics of Norms written by Cristina Bicchieri and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 'state-of-the-art' collection of essays presents some of the best contemporary research into the dynamical processes underlying the formation, maintenance, metamorphosis and dissolution of norms. The volume combines formal modelling with more traditional analysis.

A Social Theory of Congress

Author : Brian Alexander
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1793601283
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (936 download)

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Book Synopsis A Social Theory of Congress by : Brian Alexander

Download or read book A Social Theory of Congress written by Brian Alexander and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2021-04-09 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the role that norms play in the U.S. Congress? At a time of unprecedented partisanship and high-profile breaches of legislative norms in the modern Congress, the relationship between norms and the functioning of the institution is a growing and pressing concern. Despite the importance of the topic, recent scholarship has not focused on congressional norms. Meanwhile, previous research leaves open many relevant questions about the role of norms in the Congress of the twenty-first century. A Social Theory of Congress brings norms back in to the study of Congress by defining what are legislative norms, identifying which norms currently exist in the U.S. Congress, and examining the effects that congressional norms have. This book provides a new research approach to study congressional norms through a comprehensive review of previous scholarship and a combination of interviews, survey research, and analysis of member behavior. What’s more, an innovative theoretical framework — a social theory of Congress — provides new perspectives in the study of legislatures and political behavior. The findings are striking. Norms of cooperation are surprisingly alive and well in an otherwise partisan Congress. But norms of conflict are on the rise. In addition, norms of a changing culture are affecting how members understand their role as lawmakers and in their interactions among one another. Together, these findings suggest that norms play an important role in the functioning of the legislature and as norms evolve so too does the performance of Congress in American democracy.